Intisar Salah, Elaine Allan, Sean P. Nair, Ivan P. Parkin
The prevalence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has led to an increased focus on cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in the community and hospitals. An inherently antibacterial thin film is reported to combat the transmission of microbes on glass surfaces that could be accessed by the public, reducing the need for constant cleaning. The copper nanoparticle thin film is synthesized via a sol–gel method and deposited using a dip‐coater to create a transparent, rugged film resistant to scratching. The antibacterial performance is tested by a droplet and an aerosol deposition technique, where Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are sprayed directly onto the thin film, replicating coughs and sneezes: a common form of microbial transmission. The mechanism of antibacterial performance is studied by introducing reactive oxygen species quenchers to the thin film. This research presents copper nanoparticle thin films as an effective solution in reducing the transmission of microbes on glass surfaces and their potential as a valuable tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
{"title":"Antibacterial performance of a copper nanoparticle thin film","authors":"Intisar Salah, Elaine Allan, Sean P. Nair, Ivan P. Parkin","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300134","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has led to an increased focus on cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in the community and hospitals. An inherently antibacterial thin film is reported to combat the transmission of microbes on glass surfaces that could be accessed by the public, reducing the need for constant cleaning. The copper nanoparticle thin film is synthesized via a sol–gel method and deposited using a dip‐coater to create a transparent, rugged film resistant to scratching. The antibacterial performance is tested by a droplet and an aerosol deposition technique, where Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are sprayed directly onto the thin film, replicating coughs and sneezes: a common form of microbial transmission. The mechanism of antibacterial performance is studied by introducing reactive oxygen species quenchers to the thin film. This research presents copper nanoparticle thin films as an effective solution in reducing the transmission of microbes on glass surfaces and their potential as a valuable tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140211153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Granitzer, K. Rumpf, R. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. Coffer
This work reports the pore‐filling of porous silicon (PSi) and the loading of silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with Pt‐Fe nanoparticles (NPs) and the corresponding different magnetic behavior of the two composite systems. The fabrication of magnetic hard/soft nanostructures is in demand for the purpose of achieving both a high energy product as well as the replacement of rare earth permanent magnets. Pt‐Fe templated by PSi shows a higher coercivity and remanence than SiNTs/Pt‐Fe and thus a higher hard magnetic performance, the difference between coercivities being about 57%. Considering that the Pt‐Fe deposits employ different molar ratios of Pt to Fe the coercivities vary in a range of 5% in the case of both template types. Comparing Pt‐Fe loaded samples with Co‐loaded samples in all cases, an increase of the coercivity and the remanence is observed for Pt‐Fe, whereas in the case of PSi as template material the increase is significantly stronger (about twice as much) than in the case of SiNTs samples. Furthermore, the samples are investigated at high temperatures up to 950 K to determine the Curie temperature of the systems.
{"title":"Pt‐Fe loaded nanostructured silicon and improvement of the magnetic performance","authors":"P. Granitzer, K. Rumpf, R. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, J. Coffer","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300166","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the pore‐filling of porous silicon (PSi) and the loading of silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with Pt‐Fe nanoparticles (NPs) and the corresponding different magnetic behavior of the two composite systems. The fabrication of magnetic hard/soft nanostructures is in demand for the purpose of achieving both a high energy product as well as the replacement of rare earth permanent magnets. Pt‐Fe templated by PSi shows a higher coercivity and remanence than SiNTs/Pt‐Fe and thus a higher hard magnetic performance, the difference between coercivities being about 57%. Considering that the Pt‐Fe deposits employ different molar ratios of Pt to Fe the coercivities vary in a range of 5% in the case of both template types. Comparing Pt‐Fe loaded samples with Co‐loaded samples in all cases, an increase of the coercivity and the remanence is observed for Pt‐Fe, whereas in the case of PSi as template material the increase is significantly stronger (about twice as much) than in the case of SiNTs samples. Furthermore, the samples are investigated at high temperatures up to 950 K to determine the Curie temperature of the systems.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. C. Carvalho, G. Marena, André Luiz Carneiro Soares do Nascimento, Bruna Almeida Furquim de Camargo, R. Sábio, Felipe Rebello Lourenço, Hélder A. Santos, M. Chorilli
Lycopene (LYC), a carotenoid extracted mainly from tomatoes, has several biological properties, making its use desirable as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical active ingredient. Among its various applications vulvovaginal candidiasis stands out. However, the use of LYC in therapy has limitations related to its solubility and stability. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are used to load and protect LYC from degradation. The exact amount of drug incorporated was determined by analytical techniques, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thermal analysis. For this, we developed and validated an HPLC method for LYC quantification and evaluated LYC impregnation in MSNs, followed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was also used in order to confirm drug incorporation. Additionally, an in vitro release study in simulated vaginal fluid was also carried out. The HPLC method was duly validated for the range of 26–125 µg mL−1 and proved to be suitable for LYC quantification. DSC measurements suggest an improvement in the stability of the impregnated drug, which was reinforced by the release assay. Overall, the developed method is suitable to quantify LYC‐loaded porous materials enabling its use in vaginal applications.
{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of a lycopene‐loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle formulation","authors":"G. C. Carvalho, G. Marena, André Luiz Carneiro Soares do Nascimento, Bruna Almeida Furquim de Camargo, R. Sábio, Felipe Rebello Lourenço, Hélder A. Santos, M. Chorilli","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300131","url":null,"abstract":"Lycopene (LYC), a carotenoid extracted mainly from tomatoes, has several biological properties, making its use desirable as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical active ingredient. Among its various applications vulvovaginal candidiasis stands out. However, the use of LYC in therapy has limitations related to its solubility and stability. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are used to load and protect LYC from degradation. The exact amount of drug incorporated was determined by analytical techniques, such as high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thermal analysis. For this, we developed and validated an HPLC method for LYC quantification and evaluated LYC impregnation in MSNs, followed by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was also used in order to confirm drug incorporation. Additionally, an in vitro release study in simulated vaginal fluid was also carried out. The HPLC method was duly validated for the range of 26–125 µg mL−1 and proved to be suitable for LYC quantification. DSC measurements suggest an improvement in the stability of the impregnated drug, which was reinforced by the release assay. Overall, the developed method is suitable to quantify LYC‐loaded porous materials enabling its use in vaginal applications.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zewdie Yayeh, G. Kahsay, T. Negussie, Ababay Ketema
In this work, we have investigated the possible dependence of critical temperature (Tc) on cerium doping and oxygen reduction in oxide superconductor 2‐xCexCu (LCCO, L = Nd, Eu Pr) by employing the Green's function (GF) technique. Besides, we have shown the interconnection between electron doping and subtle oxygen reduction variability in the system by using Tikhonov regularization method (TRM). Within the above methods, both parameters of superconducting critical temperature (Tc) and antiferromagnetic transition temperature (TN) are calculated quantitatively by considering the electron doping followed by annealing and magnetic ordering for NCCO system. It is demonstrated that when the magnetic ordering is applied, Tc is suppressed whereas TN is enhanced. On the other hand, for electron doping, the values of these parameters become vice‐versa. It is shown that, with further electron doping, the antiferromagnetic state leads to higher frustration. However, it subtly persists up to about, . The critical temperature of NCCO occurs in the range of between 0.05 and 0.27 with at The antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and superconducting (SC) phase diagrams are established in compact form and the coexistence between the two states is demonstrated. The current finding is compatible with previous results.
{"title":"Dependence of critical temperature on doping and oxygen reduction in Nd2-xCexCuO4-δ${rm Nd}_{2{hbox{-}}x}{rm Ce}_x{rm CuO}_{4{hbox{-}}delta}$ superconductor","authors":"Zewdie Yayeh, G. Kahsay, T. Negussie, Ababay Ketema","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300040","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we have investigated the possible dependence of critical temperature (Tc) on cerium doping and oxygen reduction in oxide superconductor 2‐xCexCu (LCCO, L = Nd, Eu Pr) by employing the Green's function (GF) technique. Besides, we have shown the interconnection between electron doping and subtle oxygen reduction variability in the system by using Tikhonov regularization method (TRM). Within the above methods, both parameters of superconducting critical temperature (Tc) and antiferromagnetic transition temperature (TN) are calculated quantitatively by considering the electron doping followed by annealing and magnetic ordering for NCCO system. It is demonstrated that when the magnetic ordering is applied, Tc is suppressed whereas TN is enhanced. On the other hand, for electron doping, the values of these parameters become vice‐versa. It is shown that, with further electron doping, the antiferromagnetic state leads to higher frustration. However, it subtly persists up to about, . The critical temperature of NCCO occurs in the range of between 0.05 and 0.27 with at The antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase and superconducting (SC) phase diagrams are established in compact form and the coexistence between the two states is demonstrated. The current finding is compatible with previous results.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diluted magnetic semiconductors have become a research area in the past few years due to the importance of new technology, spintronics devices, and green technology to withstand rising global temperatures. Both n‐type and p‐type diluted magnetic semiconductors are used in pairs for perfect performance, especially for p‐n junction diodes, the p‐d Zener model, GMR, and TMR spintronics devices. The main challenge for some researchers is to find a ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature greater than room temperature for both n‐type and p‐type ferromagnetic diluted semiconductors, but this study has solved this problem. In the present study, the ferromagnetic properties of an n‐type gallium iron antimonide diluted semiconductor have been studied using the Hamiltonian model without applying an external magnetic field, electric field, or chemical potential. We have formulated a Hamiltonian model in the system, considering the application of the green formalism function and the transformation of Holstein–Primakaff. The Curie temperature, dispersion, number of magnons, reduced magnetization, and specific heat capacity of ferromagnetic magnons of the n‐type (Ga, Fe)Sb formula are formulated. The Curie temperature versus concentration graph is plotted, and the specific heat capacity and magnetization versus temperature graphs are plotted. In this study, a surprising situation is that the Curie temperature of n‐type diluted magnetic semiconductor is investigated above room temperature, which is 330.4 K. The ferromagnetic properties of appear up to 330.4 K, which is able to play a major role in spintronic and next‐generation green nanotechnology devices.
由于新技术、自旋电子器件和抵御全球气温上升的绿色技术的重要性，稀释磁性半导体在过去几年中已成为一个研究领域。n 型和 p 型稀释磁性半导体配对使用可获得完美的性能，尤其适用于 p-n 结二极管、p-d 齐纳模型、GMR 和 TMR 自旋电子器件。一些研究人员面临的主要挑战是如何为 n 型和 p 型铁磁稀释半导体找到居里温度大于室温的铁磁稀释磁性半导体，但本研究解决了这一难题。在本研究中，我们利用哈密顿模型研究了 n 型锑化镓铁稀释半导体的铁磁特性，而无需施加外部磁场、电场或化学势。考虑到绿色形式主义函数的应用和霍尔施泰因-普里马卡夫变换，我们建立了该系统的哈密顿模型。计算了 n 型 (Ga, Fe)Sb 式铁磁磁子的居里温度、色散、磁子数、还原磁化和比热容。绘制了居里温度与浓度关系图，以及比热容和磁化率与温度关系图。在这项研究中，一个令人惊讶的情况是，n 型稀磁半导体的居里温度被研究到了室温以上，即 330.4 K。
{"title":"Computational investigation of high Curie temperature in a new N‐type ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductors, especially iron‐doped on GaSb","authors":"Bawoke Mekuye, Dagne Atnafu, Ayenew Yibeltal, Mesfin Abera","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300194","url":null,"abstract":"Diluted magnetic semiconductors have become a research area in the past few years due to the importance of new technology, spintronics devices, and green technology to withstand rising global temperatures. Both n‐type and p‐type diluted magnetic semiconductors are used in pairs for perfect performance, especially for p‐n junction diodes, the p‐d Zener model, GMR, and TMR spintronics devices. The main challenge for some researchers is to find a ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor with a Curie temperature greater than room temperature for both n‐type and p‐type ferromagnetic diluted semiconductors, but this study has solved this problem. In the present study, the ferromagnetic properties of an n‐type gallium iron antimonide diluted semiconductor have been studied using the Hamiltonian model without applying an external magnetic field, electric field, or chemical potential. We have formulated a Hamiltonian model in the system, considering the application of the green formalism function and the transformation of Holstein–Primakaff. The Curie temperature, dispersion, number of magnons, reduced magnetization, and specific heat capacity of ferromagnetic magnons of the n‐type (Ga, Fe)Sb formula are formulated. The Curie temperature versus concentration graph is plotted, and the specific heat capacity and magnetization versus temperature graphs are plotted. In this study, a surprising situation is that the Curie temperature of n‐type diluted magnetic semiconductor is investigated above room temperature, which is 330.4 K. The ferromagnetic properties of appear up to 330.4 K, which is able to play a major role in spintronic and next‐generation green nanotechnology devices.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Targeted therapy drugs exert an essential role in precision therapy in cancer treatments. However, their therapeutic efficiency is greatly limited by the poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Herein, by using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted drug, erlotinib (ERL), as a representative of targeted therapy drugs, we demonstrate silk peptide (SP) extracted from silkworm cocoons can be used as a drug carrier to co‐load curcumin (CUR) and ERL to achieve dramatically improved antitumor therapeutic efficiency. The dual‐drug loaded nanoparticles (CUR/ERL@SP) with a mean size within 150 nm show significantly enhanced cell internalization, and thus induce more effective inhibition of cancer cell growth. As compared with free drugs, CUR/ERL@SP can more efficiently downregulate the expression of EGFR and other proteins promoting tumor invasion, immunosuppression and cell fusion in EGFR mutant PC‐9 lung cancer cells. The evaluation by using the circulating malignant cells (CMCs) from a lung cancer patient further confirms that CUR/ERL@SP can more effectively inhibit EGFR expression. This study provides a convenient strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy drugs and a facile ex vivo method for evaluating treatment outcomes in personalized therapy.
{"title":"Enhancing targeted cancer therapy through multiple drug delivery by silk peptide nanoparticles","authors":"Zi‐Hao He, Li‐Jin Qi, Xiao-Yan He, Di Han, Xin-Ru Liao, Si‐Xue Cheng","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300176","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted therapy drugs exert an essential role in precision therapy in cancer treatments. However, their therapeutic efficiency is greatly limited by the poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Herein, by using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted drug, erlotinib (ERL), as a representative of targeted therapy drugs, we demonstrate silk peptide (SP) extracted from silkworm cocoons can be used as a drug carrier to co‐load curcumin (CUR) and ERL to achieve dramatically improved antitumor therapeutic efficiency. The dual‐drug loaded nanoparticles (CUR/ERL@SP) with a mean size within 150 nm show significantly enhanced cell internalization, and thus induce more effective inhibition of cancer cell growth. As compared with free drugs, CUR/ERL@SP can more efficiently downregulate the expression of EGFR and other proteins promoting tumor invasion, immunosuppression and cell fusion in EGFR mutant PC‐9 lung cancer cells. The evaluation by using the circulating malignant cells (CMCs) from a lung cancer patient further confirms that CUR/ERL@SP can more effectively inhibit EGFR expression. This study provides a convenient strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy drugs and a facile ex vivo method for evaluating treatment outcomes in personalized therapy.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"97 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe in this work an evaluation of bundles of hollow mesoporous silicon nanotubes to facilitate transfection of HeLa cells using small interfering RNA designed to knock down expression of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP). These experiments entail direct visualization of the nanotube bundles associated with the cells using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal fluorescence imaging. These nanotube bundles are generated by surface modification of nanotube arrays with aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTES), followed by their ultrasonication in water, to create the amine‐terminated structures capable of electrostatic conjugation of siRNA at an efficiency of 23%–50% (depending on initial siRNA concentration). Delivery and transfection to HeLa cells are verified by quantification of fluorescence imaging; an average percent knockdown of ∼50% eGFP is achieved. As nanoscale drug delivery vehicles are expected to be resorbed in clinical use, we also assess SiNT bundle degradation during the above in vitro timescale using scanning and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. We conclude with a brief discussion of challenges and opportunities in future experiments involving this platform.
我们在这项工作中描述了对中空介孔硅纳米管束的评估，这种纳米管束有助于使用小干扰 RNA 转染 HeLa 细胞，从而抑制增强型绿色荧光蛋白（eGFP）的表达。这些实验需要使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和共聚焦荧光成像技术直接观察与细胞相关的纳米管束。这些纳米管束是用氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）对纳米管阵列进行表面改性，然后在水中进行超声处理而产生的，其胺端结构能够静电连接 siRNA，效率为 23%-50%（取决于初始 siRNA 浓度）。通过荧光成像定量验证了向 HeLa 细胞的递送和转染；eGFP 的平均敲除率达到了 50%。由于纳米级给药载体在临床使用中预计会被吸收，我们还使用扫描和透射电子显微镜（TEM）评估了 SiNT 束在上述体外时间范围内的降解情况。最后，我们简要讨论了该平台未来实验所面临的挑战和机遇。
{"title":"Porous silicon nanotube bundles as nanocarriers for small interfering RNA delivery","authors":"Nguyen T. Le, G. Akkaraju, J. Coffer","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300111","url":null,"abstract":"We describe in this work an evaluation of bundles of hollow mesoporous silicon nanotubes to facilitate transfection of HeLa cells using small interfering RNA designed to knock down expression of Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP). These experiments entail direct visualization of the nanotube bundles associated with the cells using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal fluorescence imaging. These nanotube bundles are generated by surface modification of nanotube arrays with aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane (APTES), followed by their ultrasonication in water, to create the amine‐terminated structures capable of electrostatic conjugation of siRNA at an efficiency of 23%–50% (depending on initial siRNA concentration). Delivery and transfection to HeLa cells are verified by quantification of fluorescence imaging; an average percent knockdown of ∼50% eGFP is achieved. As nanoscale drug delivery vehicles are expected to be resorbed in clinical use, we also assess SiNT bundle degradation during the above in vitro timescale using scanning and transmission electron (TEM) microscopies. We conclude with a brief discussion of challenges and opportunities in future experiments involving this platform.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"112 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. T. Selepe, Khanyisile S. Dhlamini, L. Tshweu, Maabo Moralo, Lusisizwe Kwezi, S. S. Ray, B. Ramalapa
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than 2.3 million cases of breast cancer (BC) each year, with 80% of deaths occurring in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of BC to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. While they can be effective in many cases, they also have potential side effects. These include long‐term effects such as possible damage to healthy organs, limited efficacy, and resistance development. Trastuzumab (Tmab) offers superior treatment options due to low toxicity and high specificity for a target antigen. However, Tmab treatment, despite being available for the last two decades, has remained challenging and expensive to manage, and inaccessible to people in underserved communities. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that such effective medication is within reach of those in need, regardless of social or economic class. Recent advances in nanomedicine have led to a growing number of studies that show promise in meeting these challenges through access to adequate anticancer drugs in LMICs. This review analyzes such reports while highlighting the progress of nanomedicine and anticancer drug systems and presents opportunities that have been overlooked over the years for LMICs.
{"title":"Trastuzumab‐based nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy: Recent advances and future opportunities","authors":"C. T. Selepe, Khanyisile S. Dhlamini, L. Tshweu, Maabo Moralo, Lusisizwe Kwezi, S. S. Ray, B. Ramalapa","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300191","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than 2.3 million cases of breast cancer (BC) each year, with 80% of deaths occurring in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Chemotherapeutic agents are used in the treatment of BC to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. While they can be effective in many cases, they also have potential side effects. These include long‐term effects such as possible damage to healthy organs, limited efficacy, and resistance development. Trastuzumab (Tmab) offers superior treatment options due to low toxicity and high specificity for a target antigen. However, Tmab treatment, despite being available for the last two decades, has remained challenging and expensive to manage, and inaccessible to people in underserved communities. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that such effective medication is within reach of those in need, regardless of social or economic class. Recent advances in nanomedicine have led to a growing number of studies that show promise in meeting these challenges through access to adequate anticancer drugs in LMICs. This review analyzes such reports while highlighting the progress of nanomedicine and anticancer drug systems and presents opportunities that have been overlooked over the years for LMICs.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"57 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Dolores Garrido, Miriam Benítez, J. Ros-Lis, Pedro Amorós
The use of triethanolamine in the preparation of materials has been a fertile area of research during the last decades. It is used in sol‐gel synthesis because of its ability to regulate pH, act as a structure‐directing agent, and form atrane complexes with a wide variety of elements. The atranes harmonize the hydrolysis and condensation processes of inorganic species with their interaction with surfactant molecules or micelles for the obtention of homogeneous materials. This review describes the basic principles of the formation of atrane complexes and their use in material synthesis, followed by a compilation of the main examples found in the bibliography. These materials include pure and doped silicas by using micelles as porogen species (MCM‐41, SBA‐15, UVM‐7, etc.), or without using template agents (TUD‐1, UVM‐11, etc.), non‐silica oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, etc.), mesoporous phosphates and phosphonates, zeotypes (zeolites, aluminophosphates or silicoaluminophosphates, and layered double hydroxides. The atrane route shows a versatile approach for the preparation of these materials with up to three elements simultaneously. The focus of the review centers on the synthesis of the materials and the discussion of their main applications. These examples enrich with a discussion about the future perspective of the topic.
{"title":"A travel though the atrane route, a versatile tool for the materials soft‐synthesis: A twenty‐five years perspective","authors":"María Dolores Garrido, Miriam Benítez, J. Ros-Lis, Pedro Amorós","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300169","url":null,"abstract":"The use of triethanolamine in the preparation of materials has been a fertile area of research during the last decades. It is used in sol‐gel synthesis because of its ability to regulate pH, act as a structure‐directing agent, and form atrane complexes with a wide variety of elements. The atranes harmonize the hydrolysis and condensation processes of inorganic species with their interaction with surfactant molecules or micelles for the obtention of homogeneous materials. This review describes the basic principles of the formation of atrane complexes and their use in material synthesis, followed by a compilation of the main examples found in the bibliography. These materials include pure and doped silicas by using micelles as porogen species (MCM‐41, SBA‐15, UVM‐7, etc.), or without using template agents (TUD‐1, UVM‐11, etc.), non‐silica oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, etc.), mesoporous phosphates and phosphonates, zeotypes (zeolites, aluminophosphates or silicoaluminophosphates, and layered double hydroxides. The atrane route shows a versatile approach for the preparation of these materials with up to three elements simultaneously. The focus of the review centers on the synthesis of the materials and the discussion of their main applications. These examples enrich with a discussion about the future perspective of the topic.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Obisesan, L. Tshweu, Sipho Chauke, K. Malatji, B. Ramalapa, K. Alexandre, H. Mufhandu
The remarkable ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to evade the host's immune system and conventional antiretroviral therapy, has posed significant challenges in achieving complete eradication of the virus in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). However, nanotechnology has emerged as promising avenue for addressing some of the obstacles associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs by modifying drug molecules in nanoscale dimensions. Hence, the present study explores the utilization of poly(epsilon‐caprolactone) (PCL) as a carrier for encapsulating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), offering an alternative treatment approach for HIV infection. TDF‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles were successfully prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterized. The characterization of TDF‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles at varied drug to polymer ratios showed that TDF was loaded in PCL with an encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity in the range of 23–46% and 4.8–19.9%, respectively. Of note, the neutralization efficacy of TDF‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles was more improved compared to free TDF. Encapsulation of TDF with PCL did not hinder the antiviral activity of TDF against HIV‐1 infection but rather enhanced its potency.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate loaded nanoparticles for HIV‐1 treatment","authors":"O. Obisesan, L. Tshweu, Sipho Chauke, K. Malatji, B. Ramalapa, K. Alexandre, H. Mufhandu","doi":"10.1002/nano.202300157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202300157","url":null,"abstract":"The remarkable ability of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to evade the host's immune system and conventional antiretroviral therapy, has posed significant challenges in achieving complete eradication of the virus in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). However, nanotechnology has emerged as promising avenue for addressing some of the obstacles associated with the use of antiretroviral drugs by modifying drug molecules in nanoscale dimensions. Hence, the present study explores the utilization of poly(epsilon‐caprolactone) (PCL) as a carrier for encapsulating tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), offering an alternative treatment approach for HIV infection. TDF‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles were successfully prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation technique and characterized. The characterization of TDF‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles at varied drug to polymer ratios showed that TDF was loaded in PCL with an encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity in the range of 23–46% and 4.8–19.9%, respectively. Of note, the neutralization efficacy of TDF‐loaded polymeric nanoparticles was more improved compared to free TDF. Encapsulation of TDF with PCL did not hinder the antiviral activity of TDF against HIV‐1 infection but rather enhanced its potency.","PeriodicalId":510500,"journal":{"name":"Nano Select","volume":"66 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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