Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2026.01.002
Massimo Imazio, Valentino Collini, Marco Merlo, Alberto Aimo, Camillo Autore, Andrea Barison, Barbara Bauce, Elena Biagini, Francesco Cappelli, Silvia Castelletti, Flavio D'Ascenzi, Cesare De Gregorio, Francesca Marzo, Beatrice Musumeci, Roberto Pedrinelli, Stefania Paolillo, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Giuseppe Limongelli, Gianfranco Sinagra
The 2025 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines and the 2024-2025 American College of Cardiology (ACC) consensus documents redefine the management of myocarditis and pericarditis, with notable convergence, yet key differences. Both emphasize early, accurate diagnosis, particularly through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which now often supersedes immediate biopsy in stable, uncomplicated cases of acute myocarditis. The ESC introduces a unified "inflammatory myopericardial syndrome" (IMPS) framework encompassing myocarditis, pericarditis, and overlap syndromes, while the ACC provides separate pathways, including a novel four-stage clinical classification of myocarditis. Therapeutically, both endorse non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine for pericarditis and myopericarditis, and heart failure-directed therapy for myocarditis, while reserving immunosuppression for select cases. Importantly, interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade has emerged as a pivotal therapy in recurrent pericarditis, receiving a Class I recommendation in ESC guidelines and strong endorsement in ACC guidance. Prognostic assessment focuses on identifying high-risk features and structured follow-up with imaging and biomarkers. Divergences in terminology, staging, and diagnostic thresholds underscore opportunities for further harmonization. The ESC and ACC documents align in a patient-tailored, evidence-informed approach to management.
{"title":"Myocarditis and pericarditis in focus: A critical appraisal of the 2025 ESC vs ACC position statements from the Italian society of cardiology working group on cardiomyopathies and pericardial diseases.","authors":"Massimo Imazio, Valentino Collini, Marco Merlo, Alberto Aimo, Camillo Autore, Andrea Barison, Barbara Bauce, Elena Biagini, Francesco Cappelli, Silvia Castelletti, Flavio D'Ascenzi, Cesare De Gregorio, Francesca Marzo, Beatrice Musumeci, Roberto Pedrinelli, Stefania Paolillo, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi, Giuseppe Limongelli, Gianfranco Sinagra","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2025 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines and the 2024-2025 American College of Cardiology (ACC) consensus documents redefine the management of myocarditis and pericarditis, with notable convergence, yet key differences. Both emphasize early, accurate diagnosis, particularly through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which now often supersedes immediate biopsy in stable, uncomplicated cases of acute myocarditis. The ESC introduces a unified \"inflammatory myopericardial syndrome\" (IMPS) framework encompassing myocarditis, pericarditis, and overlap syndromes, while the ACC provides separate pathways, including a novel four-stage clinical classification of myocarditis. Therapeutically, both endorse non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine for pericarditis and myopericarditis, and heart failure-directed therapy for myocarditis, while reserving immunosuppression for select cases. Importantly, interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade has emerged as a pivotal therapy in recurrent pericarditis, receiving a Class I recommendation in ESC guidelines and strong endorsement in ACC guidance. Prognostic assessment focuses on identifying high-risk features and structured follow-up with imaging and biomarkers. Divergences in terminology, staging, and diagnostic thresholds underscore opportunities for further harmonization. The ESC and ACC documents align in a patient-tailored, evidence-informed approach to management.</p>","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145985188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.12.009
Onyedika J Ilonze, Larry A Allen
{"title":"Cannabis and cardiovascular disease: Can we cut through the haze to clarify the risks and benefits?","authors":"Onyedika J Ilonze, Larry A Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145906919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.006
Tingting Zheng , Xinqiao Lian , Wenli Zhou , Li Li , Arlene Sirajuddin , Minjie Lu
Cardiac tumors are very rare and their diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for noninvasive diagnosis because of its larger field of view, excellent tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging, and the unique ability to differentiate between different tissue features. CMR can effectively identify cardiac non-neoplastic and neoplastic mass, as well as benign and malignant tumors. This review summarizes the new technology of CMR, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis in cardiac primary tumor, especially the role of new technologies in cardiac primary tumors.
{"title":"State-of-the-art review:Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in primary cardiac tumors","authors":"Tingting Zheng , Xinqiao Lian , Wenli Zhou , Li Li , Arlene Sirajuddin , Minjie Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiac tumors are very rare and their diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is considered the gold standard for noninvasive diagnosis because of its larger field of view, excellent tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging, and the unique ability to differentiate between different tissue features. CMR can effectively identify cardiac non-neoplastic and neoplastic mass, as well as benign and malignant tumors. This review summarizes the new technology of CMR, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis in cardiac primary tumor, especially the role of new technologies in cardiac primary tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.12.008
Aabha Divya, Niti Dalal
{"title":"Reframing cardiogenic shock: From hemodynamic rescue to recovery.","authors":"Aabha Divya, Niti Dalal","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.009
Travis M. Wilson , Panagiotis M. Sarris-Michopoulos , Riyan Siddiqui , Adeel Ahmed , Iqra Riaz , Giancarlo Licitra , Julia Ossi , Muzamil Khawaja , Alexander C. Fanaroff , Akiko Maehara , Davide Capodanno , Chayakrit Krittanawong
The advent of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and intracoronary stent development marked a pivotal milestone in the management of acute coronary syndromes, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, despite ongoing advancements in stent technology, treatment modalities, and diagnostic tools, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a prevalent and challenging clinical issue, contributing substantially to the burden of cardiovascular disease. This review provides a comprehensive background of ISR, including its associated risk factors, pathophysiology, and current management strategies. By addressing gaps in ISR management, this review critically evaluates existing approaches and explores potential directions for advancing the field of interventional cardiology. Additionally, supporting data for these strategies are examined, and a diagnostic and treatment algorithm is proposed to guide complex clinical decision-making.
{"title":"Precision management of coronary in-stent restenosis","authors":"Travis M. Wilson , Panagiotis M. Sarris-Michopoulos , Riyan Siddiqui , Adeel Ahmed , Iqra Riaz , Giancarlo Licitra , Julia Ossi , Muzamil Khawaja , Alexander C. Fanaroff , Akiko Maehara , Davide Capodanno , Chayakrit Krittanawong","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advent of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and intracoronary stent development marked a pivotal milestone in the management of acute coronary syndromes, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, despite ongoing advancements in stent technology, treatment modalities, and diagnostic tools, in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains a prevalent and challenging clinical issue, contributing substantially to the burden of cardiovascular disease. This review provides a comprehensive background of ISR, including its associated risk factors, pathophysiology, and current management strategies. By addressing gaps in ISR management, this review critically evaluates existing approaches and explores potential directions for advancing the field of interventional cardiology. Additionally, supporting data for these strategies are examined, and a diagnostic and treatment algorithm is proposed to guide complex clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 44-55"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144709782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.001
Melody Huang, Nicholas Phreaner
{"title":"Editorial commentary: Type 2 MI and the sex divide: Moving from awareness to action","authors":"Melody Huang, Nicholas Phreaner","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 35-36"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.007
Francesco Angeli , Valentina Bucciarelli , Federica Moscucci , Susanna Sciomer , Fabrizio Ricci , Francesca Coppi , Luca Bergamaschi , Matteo Armillotta , Marcello Casuso Alvarez , Giulia Renda , Pasquale Perrone Filardi , Stefania Paolillo , Savina Nodari , Anna Vittoria Mattioli , Carmine Pizzi , Sabina Gallina , Italian Society of Cardiology Working Group on Gender Cardiovascular Diseases
Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) occurs due to an imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial oxygen demand, leading to ischemia without the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, distinguishing it from Type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI). Although T2MI is frequently diagnosed in clinical practice and associated with a poor prognosis, there is limited understanding of the sex differences in this condition, despite women representing a higher proportion of T2MI cases compared to T1MI.
This review explores the definitions, epidemiological aspects, and clinical scenarios that reveal significant differences in T2MI between men and women that contribute to disparities in outcomes. It examines the unique roles that sex and gender play in the development, presentation, and diagnosis of T2MI, emphasizing the need for greater awareness of these factors. Understanding how these differences contribute to this condition is essential for developing patient-tailored approaches to managing this often-undervalued disease and improving outcomes.
{"title":"Gender and Sex-related differences in Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: the undervalued side of a neglected disease","authors":"Francesco Angeli , Valentina Bucciarelli , Federica Moscucci , Susanna Sciomer , Fabrizio Ricci , Francesca Coppi , Luca Bergamaschi , Matteo Armillotta , Marcello Casuso Alvarez , Giulia Renda , Pasquale Perrone Filardi , Stefania Paolillo , Savina Nodari , Anna Vittoria Mattioli , Carmine Pizzi , Sabina Gallina , Italian Society of Cardiology Working Group on Gender Cardiovascular Diseases","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) occurs due to an imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial oxygen demand, leading to ischemia without the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, distinguishing it from Type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI). Although T2MI is frequently diagnosed in clinical practice and associated with a poor prognosis, there is limited understanding of the sex differences in this condition, despite women representing a higher proportion of T2MI cases compared to T1MI.</div><div>This review explores the definitions, epidemiological aspects, and clinical scenarios that reveal significant differences in T2MI between men and women that contribute to disparities in outcomes. It examines the unique roles that sex and gender play in the development, presentation, and diagnosis of T2MI, emphasizing the need for greater awareness of these factors. Understanding how these differences contribute to this condition is essential for developing patient-tailored approaches to managing this often-undervalued disease and improving outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.010
Pape-Mamadou Sene , Melissa McDonald , Marc Ruel
{"title":"Editorial commentary: Lessons learned, challenges ahead, and the path to durable coronary revascularization","authors":"Pape-Mamadou Sene , Melissa McDonald , Marc Ruel","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 56-57"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144977830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.011
Mohammad Al-Akchar
{"title":"Editorial commentary: Pulsed field ablation for SVT—A promising shift in the electrophysiology landscape","authors":"Mohammad Al-Akchar","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Page 43"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144776847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.005
Ian R Reid
{"title":"Editorial commentary: Calcium/Vitamin D supplements and the heart","authors":"Ian R Reid","doi":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcm.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51199,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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