▼ AbStrAct Johannes Müller von Königsberg (1436–1476), better known as Regiomontanus, is widely considered as the most influential astronomer and mathematician of 15th-century Europe. He was active as an astrologer and deemed astrology to be the queen of mathematical sciences. Despite this, Regiomontanus's astrological activity has yet to be fully explored. A brief examination of Regiomontanus's manuscripts shows that his astrological interests were accompanied by interests in the arts and in methods of prognostication. This article studies an unconventional astrological–chiromantical text, whose relevance is threefold: a) it sheds new light on Regiomontanus's astrological interests; b) it enriches our knowledge of Regiomontanus's efforts to learn and understand Greek—Regiomontanus transcribed it into his own manuscript during his sojourn in Italy from 1460–1467; and c) it is the sole extant text in the Greek tradition that provides a system for prognostication from the study of a person's hand, the parts of which are considered as being under the domain of planets. The article provides an English translation of Regiomontanus's transcription, alongside a brief commentary, and studies the intellectual and historical context of that production through manuscript analysis.
Johannes m ller von Königsberg(1436-1476)被广泛认为是15世纪欧洲最具影响力的天文学家和数学家。他是一个活跃的占星家，并认为占星术是数学科学的女王。尽管如此，Regiomontanus的占星活动还没有得到充分的探索。对雷吉蒙塔努斯手稿的简短研究表明，他对占星术的兴趣伴随着对艺术和预测方法的兴趣。本文研究了一个非传统的占星-手相文本，其相关性有三个方面:a)它揭示了Regiomontanus的占星兴趣;b)它丰富了我们对Regiomontanus学习和理解希腊语的努力的认识- Regiomontanus在1460-1467年逗留在意大利期间将其转录成自己的手稿;c)它是希腊传统中唯一现存的文本，它提供了一个通过研究一个人的手来预测的系统，其中的部分被认为是在行星的领域之下。本文提供了Regiomontanus抄本的英文翻译，以及简短的评论，并通过手稿分析研究了该作品的知识和历史背景。
{"title":"The Cosmos in Your Hand: A Note on Regiomontanus's Astrological Interests","authors":"Alberto Bardi","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.131245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.131245","url":null,"abstract":"▼ AbStrAct Johannes Müller von Königsberg (1436–1476), better known as Regiomontanus, is widely considered as the most influential astronomer and mathematician of 15th-century Europe. He was active as an astrologer and deemed astrology to be the queen of mathematical sciences. Despite this, Regiomontanus's astrological activity has yet to be fully explored. A brief examination of Regiomontanus's manuscripts shows that his astrological interests were accompanied by interests in the arts and in methods of prognostication. This article studies an unconventional astrological–chiromantical text, whose relevance is threefold: a) it sheds new light on Regiomontanus's astrological interests; b) it enriches our knowledge of Regiomontanus's efforts to learn and understand Greek—Regiomontanus transcribed it into his own manuscript during his sojourn in Italy from 1460–1467; and c) it is the sole extant text in the Greek tradition that provides a system for prognostication from the study of a person's hand, the parts of which are considered as being under the domain of planets. The article provides an English translation of Regiomontanus's transcription, alongside a brief commentary, and studies the intellectual and historical context of that production through manuscript analysis.","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paula S. De Vos. Compound Remedies: Galenic Pharmacy from the Ancient Mediterranean to New Spain","authors":"A. Morales","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.130233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.130233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44350371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"This is the End: Eradicating Tuberculosis in Modern Times","authors":"C. Gradmann","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.129633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.129633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41267755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
▼ AbStrAct In this article, I address some infectious diseases that never really “ended,” even though their morbidity, their social impact, and their public visibility have faded away: AIDS, syphilis, and measles. I will use data from different projects I have conducted on each of those epidemics: HIV/AIDS at the doctoral training level in the 1990s, with a geographical focus on Brazil and the United States; syphilis in the context of a 2010 project on the social history of health in Lisbon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; and measles as part of my current project on labor migration in the 19th century, with a focus on epidemic outbreaks in migrant ships from Madeira to Hawaii.
{"title":"The Never-Ending Poxes of Syphilis, AIDS, and Measles","authors":"Cristiana Bastos","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.129634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.129634","url":null,"abstract":"▼ AbStrAct In this article, I address some infectious diseases that never really “ended,” even though their morbidity, their social impact, and their public visibility have faded away: AIDS, syphilis, and measles. I will use data from different projects I have conducted on each of those epidemics: HIV/AIDS at the doctoral training level in the 1990s, with a geographical focus on Brazil and the United States; syphilis in the context of a 2010 project on the social history of health in Lisbon in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; and measles as part of my current project on labor migration in the 19th century, with a focus on epidemic outbreaks in migrant ships from Madeira to Hawaii.","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalie M. Linton, F. A. Lovell-Read, Emma Southall, Hyojung Lee, A. Akhmetzhanov, Robin N. Thompson, H. Nishiura
{"title":"When Do Epidemics End? Scientific Insights from Mathematical Modelling Studies","authors":"Natalie M. Linton, F. A. Lovell-Read, Emma Southall, Hyojung Lee, A. Akhmetzhanov, Robin N. Thompson, H. Nishiura","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.130125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.130125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42516518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Going ‘the Last Mile’ to Eliminate Malaria” in Myanmar?","authors":"Atsuko Naono","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.129439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.129439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42535965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the COVID-19 epidemic, the name of the 19th-century English physician John Snow (1813-1858) has cropped up to a surprising extent, notably in connection with the severe cholera epidemic of 1854 in the district of Golden Square, London. It is repeatedly stated that Snow brought this epidemic of waterborne disease to an end by removing the handle of the Broad Street pump. It is also widely known that this story is a myth. Nonetheless, the Broad Street pump story as told by Snow's close friend Benjamin Ward Richardson remains embedded, partly, it is argued, because of its appeal to areas of the cultural consciousness. In America, Snow and his work on the epidemiology of cholera, including the Broad Street pump story, achieved a serious status which has endured, in one form or another, to the present day. In contrast to Britain, the heroic age of public health in America coincided with the optimism of the bacteriological revolution and higher hopes for medical science. However, this rapidly changing environment exacerbated differences of opinion as to what the small and emergent specialty of epidemiology should look like, what its project was, and where it should be based. Different versions of Snow's persona came to represent basic and often conflicting conceptions of epidemiology and the status (or lack of it) of its practitioners. For many, consciously or otherwise, the removal of the Broad Street pump handle remained an individualistic triumph, a single human intervention which resembled modern medicine in providing a "cure."
{"title":"Mythological Endings: John Snow (1813–1858) and the History of American Epidemiology","authors":"M. Pelling","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.130194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.130194","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 epidemic, the name of the 19th-century English physician John Snow (1813-1858) has cropped up to a surprising extent, notably in connection with the severe cholera epidemic of 1854 in the district of Golden Square, London. It is repeatedly stated that Snow brought this epidemic of waterborne disease to an end by removing the handle of the Broad Street pump. It is also widely known that this story is a myth. Nonetheless, the Broad Street pump story as told by Snow's close friend Benjamin Ward Richardson remains embedded, partly, it is argued, because of its appeal to areas of the cultural consciousness. In America, Snow and his work on the epidemiology of cholera, including the Broad Street pump story, achieved a serious status which has endured, in one form or another, to the present day. In contrast to Britain, the heroic age of public health in America coincided with the optimism of the bacteriological revolution and higher hopes for medical science. However, this rapidly changing environment exacerbated differences of opinion as to what the small and emergent specialty of epidemiology should look like, what its project was, and where it should be based. Different versions of Snow's persona came to represent basic and often conflicting conceptions of epidemiology and the status (or lack of it) of its practitioners. For many, consciously or otherwise, the removal of the Broad Street pump handle remained an individualistic triumph, a single human intervention which resembled modern medicine in providing a \"cure.\"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48993517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Edited by Kirsti Niskanen and Michael J. Barany, Gender, Embodiment, and the History of the Scholarly Persona: Incarnations and Contestations","authors":"Per Wisselgren","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.128930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.128930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"End of a Pandemic? Contemporary Explanations for the End of Plague in 18th‑Century England","authors":"P. Slack","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.129440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.129440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43461281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The End of Smallpox for Indigenous Peoples in the United States, 1898–1903: An Unnoticed Finale","authors":"P. Kelton","doi":"10.1484/j.cnt.5.128365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1484/j.cnt.5.128365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51282,"journal":{"name":"Centaurus","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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