Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N4P250-255
Renata M. Severiano, M. A. P. Pierangeli, N. Santos, Vinícius Xavier
ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the no-tillage system on soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, and carbon stocks in Plinthic subgroups and Oxisols, located in Pontes and Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The treatments were native vegetation and no-tillage systems established for 3, 8, 10, and 12 years. To analyse soil organic carbon, soils were sampled in each area, with three repetitions, at layers of 0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40; 0.40-0.60; 0.60-1.00; 1.00-1.50 and 1.50-2.00 m. For soil bulk density, undisturbed samples were collected at layers of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Compared with areas of native vegetation, soil bulk density values after 12 years increased by 25% in Oxisols and 30% in the Plinthic subgroups. In Oxisols and Plinthic subgroups, respectively, organic carbon concentration was, on average, 20.57, 25.04 g kg-1 under native vegetation; 16.82, 16.59 g kg-1 after 3 years of no-tillage; 13.31, 4.96 g kg-1 after 8 years; 16.52, 14.39 g kg-1 after 10 years; and 17.97, 18.53 g kg-1 after 12 years. In both soils, the no-tillage system contributed to an increase in carbon stocks over the years, but not at depth, being generally limited to the top 0.20 m of the soils. Compared to native vegetation, after 12 years of no-tillage, carbon stocks decreased at a rate of 0.075 Mg ha-1 year-1 in the Plinthic subgroups and increased by 2.3 Mg ha-1 year-1 in Oxisols.
摘要:本研究旨在评价免耕制度对巴西马托格罗索州Pontes和Lacerda的底栖亚群和底栖亚群土壤容重、土壤有机碳和碳储量的影响。分别采用原生植被和免耕处理，处理时间为3、8、10和12年。为了分析土壤有机碳，在每个区域取样，在0-0.05层重复3次;0.05 - -0.10;0.10 - -0.20;0.20 - -0.40;0.40 - -0.60;0.60 - -1.00;1.00-1.50米和1.50-2.00米。土壤容重在0 ~ 0.20和0.20 ~ 0.40 m层采集原状样品。与原生植被区相比，土壤容重值在12年后增加了25%，在底栖亚群中增加了30%。原生植被下，土壤中有机碳浓度分别为20.57、25.04 g kg-1;免耕3年16.82、16.59 g kg-1;13.31, 8年后4.96 g kg-1;16.52, 10年后14.39 g kg-1;12年后17.97,18.53 g kg-1。在这两种土壤中，免耕制度对碳储量的增加都有贡献，但在深度上没有贡献，通常仅限于土壤的顶部0.20 m。与原生植被相比，免耕12年后，底栖亚群的碳储量以0.075 Mg ha-1年-1的速率减少，而土栖亚群的碳储量增加了2.3 Mg ha-1年-1。
{"title":"Soil organic carbon in no-tillage systems of different ages in Southwest Mato Grosso, Brazil","authors":"Renata M. Severiano, M. A. P. Pierangeli, N. Santos, Vinícius Xavier","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N4P250-255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N4P250-255","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the no-tillage system on soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, and carbon stocks in Plinthic subgroups and Oxisols, located in Pontes and Lacerda, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The treatments were native vegetation and no-tillage systems established for 3, 8, 10, and 12 years. To analyse soil organic carbon, soils were sampled in each area, with three repetitions, at layers of 0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.40; 0.40-0.60; 0.60-1.00; 1.00-1.50 and 1.50-2.00 m. For soil bulk density, undisturbed samples were collected at layers of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Compared with areas of native vegetation, soil bulk density values after 12 years increased by 25% in Oxisols and 30% in the Plinthic subgroups. In Oxisols and Plinthic subgroups, respectively, organic carbon concentration was, on average, 20.57, 25.04 g kg-1 under native vegetation; 16.82, 16.59 g kg-1 after 3 years of no-tillage; 13.31, 4.96 g kg-1 after 8 years; 16.52, 14.39 g kg-1 after 10 years; and 17.97, 18.53 g kg-1 after 12 years. In both soils, the no-tillage system contributed to an increase in carbon stocks over the years, but not at depth, being generally limited to the top 0.20 m of the soils. Compared to native vegetation, after 12 years of no-tillage, carbon stocks decreased at a rate of 0.075 Mg ha-1 year-1 in the Plinthic subgroups and increased by 2.3 Mg ha-1 year-1 in Oxisols.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"2 1","pages":"250-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73083609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P209-215
J. N. Silva, A. Jakelaitis, J. Zuchi, L. S. Pereira, E. M. Costa, C. H. D. L. E. Silva
ABSTRACT The use of desiccants allows to anticipate cowpea harvest at a time closer to physiological maturity. The desiccants saflufenacil and flumioxazin promote the drying and falling of leaves and loss of water from seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of saflufenacil and flumioxazin doses applied to the cowpea crop on the production and quality of seeds at harvest and after storage for six months. Two experiments were carried out in a split-plot design (5 × 2). In the first experiment, the main factor consisted of saflufenacil doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g ai ha-1), while the second factor consisted of evaluation periods (after harvest and six months after harvest). In the second experiment, the main factor consisted of flumioxazin doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g ai ha-1) and the second factor consisted of the same evaluation periods. The treatments were designed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Saflufenacil application from 25 g ha-1 compromised the yield components and technological quality, while flumioxazin doses did not affect the yield components. Storage at 20 °C for six months decreased the physiological quality of seeds. Flumioxazin application at cowpea harvest promoted uniformity of maturity and harvest anticipation, without compromising the physiological quality after harvest.
使用干燥剂可以在接近生理成熟的时候预测豇豆的收获。干燥剂氟氟那西和氟恶嗪促进叶片干燥和脱落，以及种子水分的流失。本研究旨在评价不同剂量的氟苯那西和氟恶嗪对豇豆作物收获时和贮存6个月后种子产量和质量的影响。采用裂区设计(5 × 2)进行两项试验。第一项试验的主要影响因素为氟苯那西剂量(0、25、50、100和150 g / ha-1)，第二项试验的影响因素为评价期(收获后和收获后6个月)。在第二个实验中，主要因素为氟恶嗪剂量(0、10、20、30和40 g / ha-1)，第二因素为相同的评价期。治疗设计为随机分组，每组4个重复。用量为25 g ha-1时，氟氟那西影响了产量组成部分和工艺质量，而氟恶嗪剂量对产量组成部分没有影响。20℃贮藏6个月后，种子的生理品质下降。在豇豆收获时施用氟咪唑嗪促进了成熟度和收获预期的均匀性，而不影响收获后的生理品质。
{"title":"Production and quality of cowpea seeds desiccated with saflufenacil and flumioxazin","authors":"J. N. Silva, A. Jakelaitis, J. Zuchi, L. S. Pereira, E. M. Costa, C. H. D. L. E. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P209-215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P209-215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The use of desiccants allows to anticipate cowpea harvest at a time closer to physiological maturity. The desiccants saflufenacil and flumioxazin promote the drying and falling of leaves and loss of water from seeds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of saflufenacil and flumioxazin doses applied to the cowpea crop on the production and quality of seeds at harvest and after storage for six months. Two experiments were carried out in a split-plot design (5 × 2). In the first experiment, the main factor consisted of saflufenacil doses (0, 25, 50, 100, and 150 g ai ha-1), while the second factor consisted of evaluation periods (after harvest and six months after harvest). In the second experiment, the main factor consisted of flumioxazin doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g ai ha-1) and the second factor consisted of the same evaluation periods. The treatments were designed in randomized blocks, with four replications. Saflufenacil application from 25 g ha-1 compromised the yield components and technological quality, while flumioxazin doses did not affect the yield components. Storage at 20 °C for six months decreased the physiological quality of seeds. Flumioxazin application at cowpea harvest promoted uniformity of maturity and harvest anticipation, without compromising the physiological quality after harvest.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"64 1","pages":"209-215"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81182651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P156-162
J. Fernandes, A. Nascente, M. Filippi, A. C. Lanna, M. A. Silva, G. Silva
Inoculating plants with a mix of beneficial microorganisms can significantly improve plant growth and contribute to sustainable agriculture. However, it is unclear if mixed inoculations of microorganisms provide better results than inoculations of a single beneficial microorganism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beneficial microorganisms on the performance of upland rice in a greenhouse experiment using a completely randomized design with three repetitions and 26 treatments. The treatments consisted of inoculations of Bacillus sp. (BRM32110), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Bacillus sp. (1301), A. brasilense (AbV5) and a pool of Trichoderma asperellum in isolation or in a mixture in addition to a control treatment (without application of microorganisms). Microorganisms significantly affected gas exchange, biomass production and nutrient accumulation in upland rice plants. The mixed treatments of BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum and Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum were more effective than the other treatments, with improved gas exchange variables and nutrient concentration. The 1301 + Ab-V5 mixed treatment showed higher averages for biomass production than the other treatments, and these values were significantly different from those of the control treatment.
{"title":"Effects of beneficial microorganisms on upland rice performance","authors":"J. Fernandes, A. Nascente, M. Filippi, A. C. Lanna, M. A. Silva, G. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P156-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P156-162","url":null,"abstract":"Inoculating plants with a mix of beneficial microorganisms can significantly improve plant growth and contribute to sustainable agriculture. However, it is unclear if mixed inoculations of microorganisms provide better results than inoculations of a single beneficial microorganism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beneficial microorganisms on the performance of upland rice in a greenhouse experiment using a completely randomized design with three repetitions and 26 treatments. The treatments consisted of inoculations of Bacillus sp. (BRM32110), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Bacillus sp. (1301), A. brasilense (AbV5) and a pool of Trichoderma asperellum in isolation or in a mixture in addition to a control treatment (without application of microorganisms). Microorganisms significantly affected gas exchange, biomass production and nutrient accumulation in upland rice plants. The mixed treatments of BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum and Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum were more effective than the other treatments, with improved gas exchange variables and nutrient concentration. The 1301 + Ab-V5 mixed treatment showed higher averages for biomass production than the other treatments, and these values were significantly different from those of the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"22 19 1","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80149387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P197-202
Maria Sueli Rocha Lima, Samuel V. Ferreira, L. C. D. M. Silva, D. C. D. Oliveira, P. V. Leão, M. A. P. Silva
This study aimed to determine drying curves of land saffron (Curcuma longa L.) rhizomes at different temperatures and ventilation conditions to adjust non-linear regression models, and to calculate effective diffusion coefficients and activation energies. Saffron rhizomes were randomly collected in natura with a hoe from the soil in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. They were subsequently sized, sanitized, and sliced into 2.63 ± 0.1 mm thick sections. Rhizomes were dried in an oven with forced air ventilation at 45, 55, 65 and 75 °C for 18, 14, 10 and 9 hours, respectively. As the temperature increased, drying time was reduced. Consequently, moisture content also decreased, facilitating the drying process by decreasing the energy required to remove water molecules. Among the analyzed models, the Midilli model was best adjusted to the data under different drying air conditions. Effective diffusion coefficients (D) were 9.17 × 10-11, 13.33 × 10-11, 20.09 × 10-11, and 35.89 × 10-11 m2 s-1 at 45, 55, 65 and 75 °C, respectively, increasing with higher temperatures. Activation energy for liquid diffusion during drying was 21.186 kJ mol-1.
{"title":"Modeling kinetics of convective drying of Curcuma longa L.","authors":"Maria Sueli Rocha Lima, Samuel V. Ferreira, L. C. D. M. Silva, D. C. D. Oliveira, P. V. Leão, M. A. P. Silva","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P197-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P197-202","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine drying curves of land saffron (Curcuma longa L.) rhizomes at different temperatures and ventilation conditions to adjust non-linear regression models, and to calculate effective diffusion coefficients and activation energies. Saffron rhizomes were randomly collected in natura with a hoe from the soil in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. They were subsequently sized, sanitized, and sliced into 2.63 ± 0.1 mm thick sections. Rhizomes were dried in an oven with forced air ventilation at 45, 55, 65 and 75 °C for 18, 14, 10 and 9 hours, respectively. As the temperature increased, drying time was reduced. Consequently, moisture content also decreased, facilitating the drying process by decreasing the energy required to remove water molecules. Among the analyzed models, the Midilli model was best adjusted to the data under different drying air conditions. Effective diffusion coefficients (D) were 9.17 × 10-11, 13.33 × 10-11, 20.09 × 10-11, and 35.89 × 10-11 m2 s-1 at 45, 55, 65 and 75 °C, respectively, increasing with higher temperatures. Activation energy for liquid diffusion during drying was 21.186 kJ mol-1.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"68 1","pages":"197-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86175395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P168-173
E. D. Bocuti, R. Amorim, Kaynara F. L. Kavasaki, M. Prado, Carlos L. R. Santos, L. A. D. L. D. Raimo
ABSTRACT Soil structure conditions the interaction between the physical-hydraulic, chemical, and biological attributes and determines the potential of soil productivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of soils of areas subjected to soybean production and the impacts of soil structure on crop yield. In total, 28 soybean production areas were selected in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and analyzed for particle size, soil organic carbon and aggregates. Data of soil attributes were subjected to descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test at p ≤ 0.05. In general, considering the non-irrigated soybean production areas, it was found that soils with mean sand content between 100.00 and 800.10 g kg-1 and clay content between 120.00 and 627.80 g kg-1 showed average soybean yield of 3,536.36 kg ha-1. Soils that had aggregates with mean weight diameter and mean geometric diameter above 1.50 mm showed soybean yield equal to or greater than 3,370.67 kg ha-1. Soils of similar textural groups can define different levels of soybean yield, depending on characteristics such as the type of management adopted and production technology applied in the soybean production area.
土壤结构决定了土壤的物理-水力、化学和生物属性之间的相互作用，并决定了土壤的生产力潜力。因此，本研究的目的是评价大豆产区土壤结构及其对作物产量的影响。在巴西马托格罗索州共选择28个大豆产区，对其颗粒大小、土壤有机碳和团聚体进行了分析。土壤属性数据采用描述性分析、Pearson相关和Kruskal-Wallis检验，p≤0.05。总的来说，考虑到非灌溉大豆产区，平均含沙量在100.00 ~ 800.10 g kg-1之间，粘土含量在120.00 ~ 627.80 g kg-1之间的土壤，平均大豆产量为3536.36 kg ha-1。团聚体平均质量直径和平均几何直径大于1.50 mm的土壤，大豆产量等于或大于3,370.67 kg ha-1。类似质地组的土壤可以决定不同的大豆产量水平，这取决于大豆生产区采用的管理类型和应用的生产技术等特征。
{"title":"Soil structure and its relationship with soybean yield","authors":"E. D. Bocuti, R. Amorim, Kaynara F. L. Kavasaki, M. Prado, Carlos L. R. Santos, L. A. D. L. D. Raimo","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P168-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/AGRIAMBI.V25N3P168-173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Soil structure conditions the interaction between the physical-hydraulic, chemical, and biological attributes and determines the potential of soil productivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of soils of areas subjected to soybean production and the impacts of soil structure on crop yield. In total, 28 soybean production areas were selected in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and analyzed for particle size, soil organic carbon and aggregates. Data of soil attributes were subjected to descriptive analysis, Pearson’s correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test at p ≤ 0.05. In general, considering the non-irrigated soybean production areas, it was found that soils with mean sand content between 100.00 and 800.10 g kg-1 and clay content between 120.00 and 627.80 g kg-1 showed average soybean yield of 3,536.36 kg ha-1. Soils that had aggregates with mean weight diameter and mean geometric diameter above 1.50 mm showed soybean yield equal to or greater than 3,370.67 kg ha-1. Soils of similar textural groups can define different levels of soybean yield, depending on characteristics such as the type of management adopted and production technology applied in the soybean production area.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"33 1","pages":"168-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73756614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p44-50
Pablícia O. Galdino, A. J. M. Queiroz, R. M. F. D. Figueirêdo, Â. Santiago, P. O. Galdino
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the best osmotic dehydration (OD) condition for slices of mango cv. Espada through a factorial experiment, evaluating water loss and water activity during the process, and then perform convective drying at different temperatures to sensorially evaluate the obtained dried mango. An experiment was conducted in a 23 factorial experiment, with three central points, to evaluate the influence of thickness (1; 1.5 and 2 cm), sucrose concentration (35; 45 and 55 ºBrix) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 ºC) on water loss and water activity during the process. Convective drying was carried out in a tray dryer at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ºC, with an air speed of 1.5 m s-1. The optimal OD condition was found for slices with 1 cm thickness, sucrose concentration of 55 °Brix and temperature of 50 °C. Dried mangoes produced at temperatures of 50 and 60 °C were the most accepted among the tasters for the attributes of color, appearance, odor and taste, intensity of hardness, preference and purchase intention, and can be a promising alternative for utilization of Espada mango.
摘要:本研究的目的是确定芒果切片的最佳渗透脱水条件。Espada通过析因实验，评价芒果干燥过程中的水分流失和水分活度，然后在不同温度下进行对流干燥，对得到的芒果干进行感官评价。采用23析因试验，三个中心点，评价厚度(1;1.5 cm和2 cm)，蔗糖浓度(35;45和55º白利度)和温度(30、40和50ºC)对过程中水分损失和水活性的影响。在温度为50、60和70ºC的托盘干燥机中进行对流干燥，风速为1.5 m s-1。最佳OD条件为厚度1 cm、蔗糖浓度55°白利度、温度50°C。在50°C和60°C的温度下生产的芒果干在颜色、外观、气味和味道、硬度、偏好和购买意愿方面最被品尝者所接受，可以作为埃斯帕达芒果的一种有前途的替代品。
{"title":"Production and sensory evaluation of dried mango","authors":"Pablícia O. Galdino, A. J. M. Queiroz, R. M. F. D. Figueirêdo, Â. Santiago, P. O. Galdino","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p44-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p44-50","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the best osmotic dehydration (OD) condition for slices of mango cv. Espada through a factorial experiment, evaluating water loss and water activity during the process, and then perform convective drying at different temperatures to sensorially evaluate the obtained dried mango. An experiment was conducted in a 23 factorial experiment, with three central points, to evaluate the influence of thickness (1; 1.5 and 2 cm), sucrose concentration (35; 45 and 55 ºBrix) and temperature (30, 40 and 50 ºC) on water loss and water activity during the process. Convective drying was carried out in a tray dryer at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 ºC, with an air speed of 1.5 m s-1. The optimal OD condition was found for slices with 1 cm thickness, sucrose concentration of 55 °Brix and temperature of 50 °C. Dried mangoes produced at temperatures of 50 and 60 °C were the most accepted among the tasters for the attributes of color, appearance, odor and taste, intensity of hardness, preference and purchase intention, and can be a promising alternative for utilization of Espada mango.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"178 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73013569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p23-29
A. Jorge, W. N. Ferreira Junior, L. C. D. M. Silva, D. C. D. Oliveira, O. Resende
The ‘Gueroba’ fruit can be used to produce flours with potential for the development of new products from the ‘Cerrado’ socio-biodiversity. The objective was to estimate the drying kinetics and determine the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy for the pulp of ‘gueroba’ fruits subjected to different drying temperatures. ‘Gueroba’ fruits were manually pulped, removing the mesocarp with the epicarp, and this material was identified as the pulp. The material was subjected to oven drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Nonlinear regression models were fitted to the experimental data. The most adequate model was selected through the coefficient of determination, mean relative and estimated errors, Chi-square test, AIC and BIC. As the drying temperature increases, the processing time to achieve the same moisture content decreases, due to the increase in water diffusivity inside the product. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data obtained. The effective diffusion coefficients of the pulp of ‘gueroba’ fruits showed magnitudes between 3.11 x 10-9 to 5.84 x 10-9 m2 s-1 for temperatures from 40 to 70 °C. The activation energy of the process was 18.34 kJ mol-1.
{"title":"Drying kinetics of ‘gueroba’ (Syagrus oleracea) fruit pulp","authors":"A. Jorge, W. N. Ferreira Junior, L. C. D. M. Silva, D. C. D. Oliveira, O. Resende","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p23-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p23-29","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘Gueroba’ fruit can be used to produce flours with potential for the development of new products from the ‘Cerrado’ socio-biodiversity. The objective was to estimate the drying kinetics and determine the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy for the pulp of ‘gueroba’ fruits subjected to different drying temperatures. ‘Gueroba’ fruits were manually pulped, removing the mesocarp with the epicarp, and this material was identified as the pulp. The material was subjected to oven drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Nonlinear regression models were fitted to the experimental data. The most adequate model was selected through the coefficient of determination, mean relative and estimated errors, Chi-square test, AIC and BIC. As the drying temperature increases, the processing time to achieve the same moisture content decreases, due to the increase in water diffusivity inside the product. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data obtained. The effective diffusion coefficients of the pulp of ‘gueroba’ fruits showed magnitudes between 3.11 x 10-9 to 5.84 x 10-9 m2 s-1 for temperatures from 40 to 70 °C. The activation energy of the process was 18.34 kJ mol-1.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"72 1","pages":"23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84499880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p17-22
E. A. S. Martins, A. Goneli, C. Cardoso, G. L. D. Almeida, Alexandre A. Gonçalves, Cristiane B. da Silva
ABSTRACT ‘Jurubeba’ (Solanum paniculatum L.) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for liver problems, in addition to being used as a cholagogue, emmenagogue, healing agent, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, tonic, decongestant, diuretic and against inappetence. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, concentration of phenolic compounds and total alkaloids of aqueous extracts prepared from ‘Jurubeba’ leaves subjected to drying. ‘Jurubeba’ leaves were dried at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and velocities (0.4 and 0.8 m s-1) of the drying air. Aqueous extracts of the leaves, subjected to drying, were evaluated by absorbance reading in a spectrophotometer. Increase in drying air temperature reduced the contents of total phenolics and total alkaloids of the leaf aqueous extracts, whereas increment in air velocity increased the concentration of these substances. Antioxidant activity was not influenced by the increase in air temperature at air velocity of 0.4 m s-1, but under air velocity of 0.8 m s-1 there was reduction with increasing temperature. Drying of ‘Jurubeba’ leaves can be carried out with temperature of 40 or 50 °C and drying air velocity of 0.4 m s-1.
朱芦巴(Solanum paniculatum L.)是一种用于治疗肝脏疾病的传统药用植物，除用作催胆剂、催乳剂、愈合剂、退热剂、消炎剂、解热剂、补药、减充血剂、利尿剂和治疗食欲不振外，还可用于治疗肝脏疾病。因此，本研究的目的是评价经干燥处理的朱芦巴叶水提物的抗氧化活性、酚类化合物和总生物碱的浓度。在不同的温度(40、50、60和70℃)和干燥空气的速度(0.4和0.8 m s-1)下对'朱鲁贝'叶进行干燥。经干燥处理的叶片的水提取物，在分光光度计中通过吸光度读数进行评估。随着干燥温度的升高，总酚类物质和总生物碱的含量降低，而随着风速的增加，总酚类物质和总生物碱的含量增加。在0.4 m s-1风速下，抗氧化活性不受温度升高的影响，但在0.8 m s-1风速下，抗氧化活性随温度升高而降低。朱鲁贝叶的干燥可以在40或50°C的温度下进行，干燥风速为0.4 m s-1。
{"title":"Post-harvesting of Solanum paniculatum L. leaves. Part II: Antioxidant activity and chemical composition","authors":"E. A. S. Martins, A. Goneli, C. Cardoso, G. L. D. Almeida, Alexandre A. Gonçalves, Cristiane B. da Silva","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p17-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p17-22","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT ‘Jurubeba’ (Solanum paniculatum L.) is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine for liver problems, in addition to being used as a cholagogue, emmenagogue, healing agent, febrifuge, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, tonic, decongestant, diuretic and against inappetence. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, concentration of phenolic compounds and total alkaloids of aqueous extracts prepared from ‘Jurubeba’ leaves subjected to drying. ‘Jurubeba’ leaves were dried at different temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70 °C) and velocities (0.4 and 0.8 m s-1) of the drying air. Aqueous extracts of the leaves, subjected to drying, were evaluated by absorbance reading in a spectrophotometer. Increase in drying air temperature reduced the contents of total phenolics and total alkaloids of the leaf aqueous extracts, whereas increment in air velocity increased the concentration of these substances. Antioxidant activity was not influenced by the increase in air temperature at air velocity of 0.4 m s-1, but under air velocity of 0.8 m s-1 there was reduction with increasing temperature. Drying of ‘Jurubeba’ leaves can be carried out with temperature of 40 or 50 °C and drying air velocity of 0.4 m s-1.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"10 1","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83082988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p37-43
W. N. Ferreira Junior, O. Resende, G. K. Pinheiro, L. C. D. M. Silva, Diene G. Souza, K. A. D. Sousa
In the present study, the objective was to fit different models to the experimental data of drying of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and to select the best model, to determine the effective diffusion coefficient, activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the process during drying at different temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest of Vegetable Products of the Instituto Federal Goiano (Federal Institute Goiano) – Campus of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Seeds with initial moisture content of 18 ± 0.25% dry basis were oven dried with forced air ventilation, at controlled temperatures of 45, 60, 75 and 90 °C in four repetitions. Nonlinear regression models used to describe the phenomenon were fitted to the experimental data. To represent the drying of tamarind seeds, the Midilli model was selected for the range from 45 to 60 oC and the Two terms model was selected for the range from 75 to 90 oC. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of drying air temperature, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with activation energy of 35.16 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreases, while Gibbs free energy increases with increasing drying temperature.
{"title":"Modeling and thermodynamic properties of the drying of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds","authors":"W. N. Ferreira Junior, O. Resende, G. K. Pinheiro, L. C. D. M. Silva, Diene G. Souza, K. A. D. Sousa","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p37-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p37-43","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the objective was to fit different models to the experimental data of drying of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and to select the best model, to determine the effective diffusion coefficient, activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the process during drying at different temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest of Vegetable Products of the Instituto Federal Goiano (Federal Institute Goiano) – Campus of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Seeds with initial moisture content of 18 ± 0.25% dry basis were oven dried with forced air ventilation, at controlled temperatures of 45, 60, 75 and 90 °C in four repetitions. Nonlinear regression models used to describe the phenomenon were fitted to the experimental data. To represent the drying of tamarind seeds, the Midilli model was selected for the range from 45 to 60 oC and the Two terms model was selected for the range from 75 to 90 oC. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of drying air temperature, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with activation energy of 35.16 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreases, while Gibbs free energy increases with increasing drying temperature.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"59 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85076579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p58-64
M. Fogal, G. B. Micheli, V. L. Scalon, A. Padilha
This study presents a numerical and experimental comparison of two different types of radial fans used in an agricultural fertilizer spreader at a rotation of 4000 rpm. The numerical analysis was validated through experiments conducted on a test bench using a hot-wire anemometer for velocity measurements and a Pitot tube for pressure readings. A simulation of the agricultural fertilizer spreader was carried out after the experimental validation of the mathematical models of the radial fans on the test bench to evaluate the air distribution behavior along the application nozzles, which was compared to the experimental results. A turbulent mean-field was obtained using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and the k-Epsilon turbulence model was used for two equations. The computational fluid dynamics software CFX 18.1 was used to solve the transport equations. Unstructured tetrahedral meshes generated by the ICEM CFD 18.1 software were used in all models. The applied method is adequate and able to reproduce the fluid-dynamic behavior of airflow in pneumatic systems of agricultural fertilizer spreaders, avoiding the need for prototypes.
{"title":"Numerical-experimental comparison of radial fans applied in pneumatic transport of agricultural fertilizer spreaders","authors":"M. Fogal, G. B. Micheli, V. L. Scalon, A. Padilha","doi":"10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p58-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p58-64","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a numerical and experimental comparison of two different types of radial fans used in an agricultural fertilizer spreader at a rotation of 4000 rpm. The numerical analysis was validated through experiments conducted on a test bench using a hot-wire anemometer for velocity measurements and a Pitot tube for pressure readings. A simulation of the agricultural fertilizer spreader was carried out after the experimental validation of the mathematical models of the radial fans on the test bench to evaluate the air distribution behavior along the application nozzles, which was compared to the experimental results. A turbulent mean-field was obtained using the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and the k-Epsilon turbulence model was used for two equations. The computational fluid dynamics software CFX 18.1 was used to solve the transport equations. Unstructured tetrahedral meshes generated by the ICEM CFD 18.1 software were used in all models. The applied method is adequate and able to reproduce the fluid-dynamic behavior of airflow in pneumatic systems of agricultural fertilizer spreaders, avoiding the need for prototypes.","PeriodicalId":51288,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental","volume":"284 1","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74980836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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