{"title":"Reply to: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Rate Depends on Infectivity of the Virus Strain, Closeness of Contact, and the Immune Competence of the Infected Person.","authors":"Jiwoo Sim, Euncheol Son, Young June Choe","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Clinical Outcomes of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric Fu, Ozdemir Erdemir, Khalil Pathan, Meaghan Brophy, Aidan Pettit
Since its Fast-Track approval by the Federal Drug Administration, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been marked by controversies. Unconfirmed reports of adverse events in both Japan and Denmark led to suspensions of national vaccination programs, which setback the fight against cervical cancer and associated mortality and morbidity. Despite follow-up studies of vaccine adverse reports, additional randomized control trials, and review reports from both the World Health Organization and the European Commission, there is still a great deal of hesitancy around the vaccine. While all three version of the HPV vaccine have been shown to be efficacious and safe, additional ethical dilemmas deserve to be considered as well.
{"title":"A Review of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Associated Ethical Concerns.","authors":"Eric Fu, Ozdemir Erdemir, Khalil Pathan, Meaghan Brophy, Aidan Pettit","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its Fast-Track approval by the Federal Drug Administration, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been marked by controversies. Unconfirmed reports of adverse events in both Japan and Denmark led to suspensions of national vaccination programs, which setback the fight against cervical cancer and associated mortality and morbidity. Despite follow-up studies of vaccine adverse reports, additional randomized control trials, and review reports from both the World Health Organization and the European Commission, there is still a great deal of hesitancy around the vaccine. While all three version of the HPV vaccine have been shown to be efficacious and safe, additional ethical dilemmas deserve to be considered as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se Yoon Park, Yae Jee Baek, Jeong Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Bongyoung Kim, Yong Chan Kim, Jin Gu Yoon, Namwoo Heo, Song Mi Moon, Young Ah Kim, Joon Young Song, Jun Yong Choi, Yoon Soo Park
This guideline aims to promote the prudent use of antibacterial agents for managing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in clinical practice in Korea. The general section encompasses recommendations for the management of common CRE infections and diagnostics, whereas each specific section is structured with key questions that are focused on antibacterial agents and disease-specific approaches. This guideline covers both currently available and upcoming antibacterial agents in Korea.
{"title":"Guidelines for Antibacterial Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections.","authors":"Se Yoon Park, Yae Jee Baek, Jeong Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Bongyoung Kim, Yong Chan Kim, Jin Gu Yoon, Namwoo Heo, Song Mi Moon, Young Ah Kim, Joon Young Song, Jun Yong Choi, Yoon Soo Park","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline aims to promote the prudent use of antibacterial agents for managing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in clinical practice in Korea. The general section encompasses recommendations for the management of common CRE infections and diagnostics, whereas each specific section is structured with key questions that are focused on antibacterial agents and disease-specific approaches. This guideline covers both currently available and upcoming antibacterial agents in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jung Ho Kim, Jae Eun Seong, Sangmin Ahn, Yongseop Lee, Jung Ah Lee, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Joon-Sup Yeom, Jun Yong Choi
With advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing, as is the number of older adults with HIV. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV who undergo surgery or require critical care for various reasons is increasing. Since the prognosis of people with HIV depends on the continuous and effective maintenance of ART, there is a need to consider effectively maintaining ART in people with HIV in these conditions. This case involved a 55-year-old patient with well-controlled HIV who received ART and presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with extensive bowel infarction and panperitonitis and received critical care in the intensive care unit, including mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy. The patient was administered enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. The patient subsequently underwent extensive small bowel resection and developed short bowel syndrome. The patient maintained ART during that period. A literature review related to the use of ART under these conditions is included in this study. This case was discussed at the [Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics] of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference held in 2023.
随着抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的发展,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的平均寿命不断延长,感染 HIV 的老年人也越来越多。因此,因各种原因接受手术或需要重症监护的 HIV 感染者人数也在增加。由于艾滋病病毒感染者的预后取决于持续有效地维持抗逆转录病毒疗法,因此有必要考虑在这些情况下有效维持艾滋病病毒感染者的抗逆转录病毒疗法。本病例涉及一名 55 岁的艾滋病病毒感染者,他接受了抗逆转录病毒疗法,因急性腹痛到急诊就诊。他被诊断为大面积肠梗死和泛腹膜炎,在重症监护室接受了重症监护,包括机械通气和持续肾脏替代治疗。患者通过鼻胃管接受肠内营养。患者随后接受了广泛的小肠切除术,并患上了短肠综合征。在此期间,患者一直坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法。本研究对在这些情况下使用 ART 的相关文献进行了回顾。本病例在 2023 年举行的韩国艾滋病学会会议[艾滋病临床疑难病例探讨]上进行了讨论。
{"title":"Antiretroviral Therapy during Long-term Surgical Care: 'Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics' of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference in 2023.","authors":"Jung Ho Kim, Jae Eun Seong, Sangmin Ahn, Yongseop Lee, Jung Ah Lee, Jin Young Ahn, Su Jin Jeong, Nam Su Ku, Joon-Sup Yeom, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), the average lifespan of people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing, as is the number of older adults with HIV. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV who undergo surgery or require critical care for various reasons is increasing. Since the prognosis of people with HIV depends on the continuous and effective maintenance of ART, there is a need to consider effectively maintaining ART in people with HIV in these conditions. This case involved a 55-year-old patient with well-controlled HIV who received ART and presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain. He was diagnosed with extensive bowel infarction and panperitonitis and received critical care in the intensive care unit, including mechanical ventilation and continuous renal replacement therapy. The patient was administered enteral nutrition via a nasogastric tube. The patient subsequently underwent extensive small bowel resection and developed short bowel syndrome. The patient maintained ART during that period. A literature review related to the use of ART under these conditions is included in this study. This case was discussed at the [Exploring Difficult Cases in HIV Clinics] of the Korean Society for AIDS Conference held in 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Addressing <i>Campylobacter</i> AMR Transmission in India: Urgent Policy Call.","authors":"Sheikh Mohd Saleem, Zulfqarul Haq","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the elements and infection mechanisms of bioterrorism, assess North Korea's capability for biological warfare, and propose strategies for South Korea to counter potential bioterrorist threats from the North. The four critical elements of bioterrorism include the biological agent, the weaponization of the agent, the delivery system, and the impact of weather conditions on the attack. The infection routes for biological agents in bioterrorism include inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure, and injection. The potential agents under development could include anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin, which might be deployed using missiles, artillery shells, or through covert operations. Proximity to North Korea significantly increases vulnerability to biological attacks. Possible methods include contaminating water supplies, food sources, or densely populated areas. Anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin could theoretically be delivered using packages attached to balloons. Minimizing the impact of a bioterrorism event requires strategy that includes four key actions: detection, decision-making, distribution, and dispensation. By integrating these steps, authorities can effectively manage and mitigate the effects of a bioterrorism event. Civilian doctors play a role in the early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and management of biological agents. Educating medical professionals is crucial for preparing against potential biological warfare or bioterrorism threats.
{"title":"Possible Bioterrorism by North Korea and South Korea's Preparedness.","authors":"Kun Hwang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the elements and infection mechanisms of bioterrorism, assess North Korea's capability for biological warfare, and propose strategies for South Korea to counter potential bioterrorist threats from the North. The four critical elements of bioterrorism include the biological agent, the weaponization of the agent, the delivery system, and the impact of weather conditions on the attack. The infection routes for biological agents in bioterrorism include inhalation, ingestion, dermal exposure, and injection. The potential agents under development could include anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin, which might be deployed using missiles, artillery shells, or through covert operations. Proximity to North Korea significantly increases vulnerability to biological attacks. Possible methods include contaminating water supplies, food sources, or densely populated areas. Anthrax, smallpox, plague, and botulinum toxin could theoretically be delivered using packages attached to balloons. Minimizing the impact of a bioterrorism event requires strategy that includes four key actions: detection, decision-making, distribution, and dispensation. By integrating these steps, authorities can effectively manage and mitigate the effects of a bioterrorism event. Civilian doctors play a role in the early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and management of biological agents. Educating medical professionals is crucial for preparing against potential biological warfare or bioterrorism threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Six-Year Study on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Al-Muthanna, Iraq: Molecular Identification Using ITS1 Gene Sequencing.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carles García-Cervera, Francisco Mariano Jover-Díaz, Elisabet Delgado-Sánchez, Coral Martin-González, Rosa Provencio-Arranz, Ana Infante-Urrios, Cristina Dólera-Moreno, Pedro Esteve-Atiénzar, Teresa Martínez Lazcano, Jorge Peris-García, Vicente Giner-Galvañ, Victoria Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Ángel Sánchez-Miralles, Teresa Aznar-Saliente
Background: Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASP) have improved empirical and directed antibiotic treatment in Gram-negative bloodstream infections. A decrease in mortality, readmission, and length of hospitalization has been reported.
Materials and methods: A pre-post-quasi-experimental study was conducted between November and April 2015-2016 (pre-intervention period), 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 (post-intervention periods), to analyse the impact of ASP on empirical, directed, and entire treatment optimization, as well as mortality, readmission, and length of hospitalization, in hospitalized patients with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections.
Results: One hundred seventy-four patients were included (41 in the pre-intervention group, 38 in the first-year post-intervention group, 50 in the second-year post-intervention group, and 45 in the third-year post-intervention group). There was a significant improvement in directed treatment optimization (43.9% in the pre-intervention group, 68.4% in the first-year post-intervention group, 74% in the second-year post-intervention group, and 88.9% in the third-year post-intervention group, P <0.001), as well as in entire treatment optimization (19.5%, 34.2%, 40.0%, and 46.7%, respectively, P=0.013), with increased optimal directed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-8.58) and entire treatment (aOR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.27-8.58). Although a tendency toward improvement was observed in empirical treatment after ASP implementation, it did not reach statistical significance (41.5% vs. 57.9%, P=0.065). No changes in mortality, readmission, or length of hospitalization were detected.
Conclusion: ASP implementation improved both directed and entire treatment optimization in patients with GNB bloodstream infections over time. Nevertheless, no improvement was found in clinical outcomes such as mortality, readmission, or length of hospitalization.
{"title":"Impact of Implementing an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Optimizing Antibiotic Treatment in Gram-negative Bacilli Bacteremia.","authors":"Carles García-Cervera, Francisco Mariano Jover-Díaz, Elisabet Delgado-Sánchez, Coral Martin-González, Rosa Provencio-Arranz, Ana Infante-Urrios, Cristina Dólera-Moreno, Pedro Esteve-Atiénzar, Teresa Martínez Lazcano, Jorge Peris-García, Vicente Giner-Galvañ, Victoria Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Ángel Sánchez-Miralles, Teresa Aznar-Saliente","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASP) have improved empirical and directed antibiotic treatment in Gram-negative bloodstream infections. A decrease in mortality, readmission, and length of hospitalization has been reported.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A pre-post-quasi-experimental study was conducted between November and April 2015-2016 (pre-intervention period), 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 (post-intervention periods), to analyse the impact of ASP on empirical, directed, and entire treatment optimization, as well as mortality, readmission, and length of hospitalization, in hospitalized patients with Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred seventy-four patients were included (41 in the pre-intervention group, 38 in the first-year post-intervention group, 50 in the second-year post-intervention group, and 45 in the third-year post-intervention group). There was a significant improvement in directed treatment optimization (43.9% in the pre-intervention group, 68.4% in the first-year post-intervention group, 74% in the second-year post-intervention group, and 88.9% in the third-year post-intervention group, <i>P</i> <0.001), as well as in entire treatment optimization (19.5%, 34.2%, 40.0%, and 46.7%, respectively, <i>P</i>=0.013), with increased optimal directed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-8.58) and entire treatment (aOR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.27-8.58). Although a tendency toward improvement was observed in empirical treatment after ASP implementation, it did not reach statistical significance (41.5% <i>vs.</i> 57.9%, <i>P</i>=0.065). No changes in mortality, readmission, or length of hospitalization were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ASP implementation improved both directed and entire treatment optimization in patients with GNB bloodstream infections over time. Nevertheless, no improvement was found in clinical outcomes such as mortality, readmission, or length of hospitalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damian Mikulski, Kacper Kościelny, Izabela Dróżdż, Mateusz Nowicki, Małgorzata Misiewicz, Ewelina Perdas, Piotr Strzałka, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Wojciech Fendler
Background: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is currently the backbone of the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and relapsed and refractory lymphomas. Notably, infections contribute to over 25% of fatalities among AHSCT recipients within the initial 100 days following the procedure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate three selected miRNAs: hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-320c, and hsa-miR-361-3p, in identifying AHSCT recipients at high risk of infectious events up to 100 days post-transplantation after discharge.
Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 58 patients (43 with MM, 15 with lymphoma) treated with AHSCT. Blood samples were collected from all patients at the same time point: on day +14 after transplantation.
Results: Fifteen patients (25.9%) experienced infectious complications after post-transplant discharge within the initial +100 days post-transplantation. The median time to infection onset was 44 days (interquartile range, 25-78). Four patients required hospitalization due to severe infection. High expression of hsa-miR-361-3p (fold change [FC], 1.79; P=0.0139) in the patients experiencing infectious complications and overexpression of hsa-miR-320c (FC, 2.14; P<0.0001) in patients requiring hospitalization were observed. In the multivariate model, both lymphoma diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 6.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-30.56; P=0.0112) and high expression of hsa-miR-361-3p (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.40-6.41; P=0.0047) were independent factors associated with post-discharge infectious complications occurrence. Our model in 10-fold cross-validation preserved its diagnostic potential with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.92).
Conclusion: Elevated serum hsa-miR-361-3p emerges as a promising biomarker for identifying patients at risk of infection during the early post-discharge period, potentially offering optimization of the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents tailored to the specific risk profile of each AHSCT recipient.
{"title":"High Serum miR-361-3p Predicts Early Postdischarge Infections after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Damian Mikulski, Kacper Kościelny, Izabela Dróżdż, Mateusz Nowicki, Małgorzata Misiewicz, Ewelina Perdas, Piotr Strzałka, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Wojciech Fendler","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is currently the backbone of the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and relapsed and refractory lymphomas. Notably, infections contribute to over 25% of fatalities among AHSCT recipients within the initial 100 days following the procedure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate three selected miRNAs: hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-320c, and hsa-miR-361-3p, in identifying AHSCT recipients at high risk of infectious events up to 100 days post-transplantation after discharge.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study group consisted of 58 patients (43 with MM, 15 with lymphoma) treated with AHSCT. Blood samples were collected from all patients at the same time point: on day +14 after transplantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen patients (25.9%) experienced infectious complications after post-transplant discharge within the initial +100 days post-transplantation. The median time to infection onset was 44 days (interquartile range, 25-78). Four patients required hospitalization due to severe infection. High expression of hsa-miR-361-3p (fold change [FC], 1.79; <i>P</i>=0.0139) in the patients experiencing infectious complications and overexpression of hsa-miR-320c (FC, 2.14; <i>P</i><0.0001) in patients requiring hospitalization were observed. In the multivariate model, both lymphoma diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 6.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.55-30.56; <i>P</i>=0.0112) and high expression of hsa-miR-361-3p (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.40-6.41; <i>P</i>=0.0047) were independent factors associated with post-discharge infectious complications occurrence. Our model in 10-fold cross-validation preserved its diagnostic potential with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated serum hsa-miR-361-3p emerges as a promising biomarker for identifying patients at risk of infection during the early post-discharge period, potentially offering optimization of the prophylactic use of antimicrobial agents tailored to the specific risk profile of each AHSCT recipient.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}