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Emergence of the Delta and Omicron Variants of COVID-19 Clusters in a Long-term Care Hospital, Seoul, Korea: Focusing on Outbreak Epidemiology, Incidence, Fatality, and Vaccination. 韩国首尔一家长期护理医院出现 COVID-19 的 Delta 和 Omicron 变体群:重点关注疫情流行病学、发病率、死亡率和疫苗接种。
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0128
Geum-Hee Oh, Jeong Mi Park, Philip Kofie, Moo-Sik Lee

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, an RNA virus, exhibits variations in transmission power, severity rate, and vaccine effectiveness due to its mutable nature. We investigated the field epidemiological characteristics of the delta and omicron variants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clusters in a long-term care hospital.

Materials and methods: This study aimed to investigate the incidence, fatality, and vaccination effectiveness of confirmed COVID-19 cases caused by delta and omicron variants. The investigation focused on patients admitted to two long-term care hospitals in a Seoul autonomous district, comparing and analyzing relevant factors.

Results: Among the COVID-19 cases, 101 (34.3%) exhibited delta variants, while 193 (65.4%) showcased omicron variants. The incidence rate of omicron variants, compared to delta variants, was 2.24 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-3.00). This elevation was particularly notable in women across all age groups, patients, workers, and individuals with a history of three or more vaccinations. Deaths were reported in 13 cases (52.0%) with the delta variant and 12 cases (48.0%) with the omicron variant. The fatality rate of the omicron variant, in comparison to the delta variant, was 0.09 times (95% CI, 0.44-2.26), indicating no significant difference. No discernible variations in variables were observed.

Conclusion: The noteworthy surge in outbreaks among female patients, workers engaged in outdoor activities, and the apparent ineffectiveness of vaccination against omicron mutations underscore the need for careful consideration in formulating quarantine measures.

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引用次数: 0
Linezolid-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in a Tertiary Hospital: Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes.
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0111
Svetlana Rachina, Vladimir Gostev, Vyacheslav Pleshkov, Olga Karpova, Svetlana Topolyanskaya, Georgy Melkonyan, Marina Gladkikh, Khadizhat Zainalabidova, Polina Chulkova, Sergey Sidorenko

We report linezolid-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (LRCoNS) bacteremia at a tertiary hospital. LRCoNS with linezolid and tedizolid minimum inhibitory concentrations of >32 and 4-32 mg/L, respectively, were isolated from blood cultures of seven elderly patients who died post-bacteremia detection. Linezolid was administered to six of these patients at the time of LRCoNS isolation. Linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis ST5 isolates (LRSE) harboring mecA were isolated in seven of the nine episodes. Linezolid resistance is associated with mutations in the 23S rRNA, L3 and L4 ribosomal proteins, indigenous methyltransferases RlmN, and the presence of the cfr gene. All LRSE-ST5 genomes formed a single phylogenetic cluster.

{"title":"Linezolid-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in a Tertiary Hospital: Molecular Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes.","authors":"Svetlana Rachina, Vladimir Gostev, Vyacheslav Pleshkov, Olga Karpova, Svetlana Topolyanskaya, Georgy Melkonyan, Marina Gladkikh, Khadizhat Zainalabidova, Polina Chulkova, Sergey Sidorenko","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0111","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report linezolid-resistant coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i> (LRCoNS) bacteremia at a tertiary hospital. LRCoNS with linezolid and tedizolid minimum inhibitory concentrations of >32 and 4-32 mg/L, respectively, were isolated from blood cultures of seven elderly patients who died post-bacteremia detection. Linezolid was administered to six of these patients at the time of LRCoNS isolation. Linezolid-resistant <i>S. epidermidis</i> ST5 isolates (LRSE) harboring <i>mec</i>A were isolated in seven of the nine episodes. Linezolid resistance is associated with mutations in the 23S rRNA, L3 and L4 ribosomal proteins, indigenous methyltransferases RlmN, and the presence of the <i>cfr</i> gene. All LRSE-ST5 genomes formed a single phylogenetic cluster.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phylogenetic Analysis of Escherichia coli according to Phenotypic Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections in Children, Lima, Peru.
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0101
Adriana Belén Prieto Farfan, Yesica Llimpe Mitma de Barrón, Melina Magali Mayorca Yarihuamán, Fortunato Martín Príncipe Laines, María Bertha Paredes Pérez, Jaeson Santos Calla Choque, Heli Jaime Barrón Pastor

Background: Phylogenetic studies are essential for understanding the virulence and resistance factors of bacteria, especially in evaluating their distribution within specific populations for effective infection control. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli are highly prevalent and pose significant health challenges from childhood to adulthood. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains highlights the urgent need for research aimed at developing preventive measures and epidemiological control strategies. This study aimed to analyze phylogenetically uropathogenic E. coli strains and their resistance phenotypes in children.

Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 111 urine culture samples collected from June 2023 to February 2024 at the Pediatric Emergency Hospital (PEH) in Lima, Peru. The phylogroups of E. coli were identified using Clermont's protocol based on polymerase chain reaction.

Results: UTIs were predominantly observed in females (85.6%) and infants under two years old (42.3%). The most frequent uropathogenic E. coli phylogroups were B2 (30.6%), D (29.7%), and A (25.2%). These phylogroups showed significant correlation with MDR and the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).

Conclusion: At PEH, UTIs in children are primarily caused by uropathogenic E. coli from the B2 and D phylogroups, which demonstrate high virulence and resistance factors. The correlation between these phylogroups, MDR, and ESBL production, along with the increasing infection rates associated with phylogroup A, suggests a potential for horizontal gene transfer. This underscores the urgent need for vigilant control measures.

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of <i>Escherichia coli</i> according to Phenotypic Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections in Children, Lima, Peru.","authors":"Adriana Belén Prieto Farfan, Yesica Llimpe Mitma de Barrón, Melina Magali Mayorca Yarihuamán, Fortunato Martín Príncipe Laines, María Bertha Paredes Pérez, Jaeson Santos Calla Choque, Heli Jaime Barrón Pastor","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0101","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phylogenetic studies are essential for understanding the virulence and resistance factors of bacteria, especially in evaluating their distribution within specific populations for effective infection control. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by <i>Escherichia coli</i> are highly prevalent and pose significant health challenges from childhood to adulthood. The rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains highlights the urgent need for research aimed at developing preventive measures and epidemiological control strategies. This study aimed to analyze phylogenetically uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> strains and their resistance phenotypes in children.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 111 urine culture samples collected from June 2023 to February 2024 at the Pediatric Emergency Hospital (PEH) in Lima, Peru. The phylogroups of <i>E. coli</i> were identified using Clermont's protocol based on polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UTIs were predominantly observed in females (85.6%) and infants under two years old (42.3%). The most frequent uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> phylogroups were B2 (30.6%), D (29.7%), and A (25.2%). These phylogroups showed significant correlation with MDR and the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>At PEH, UTIs in children are primarily caused by uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> from the B2 and D phylogroups, which demonstrate high virulence and resistance factors. The correlation between these phylogroups, MDR, and ESBL production, along with the increasing infection rates associated with phylogroup A, suggests a potential for horizontal gene transfer. This underscores the urgent need for vigilant control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-Communicable Diseases in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Their Risk Factors. 人类免疫缺陷病毒患者的非传染性疾病及其风险因素。
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0123
Dian Daniella, Anak Agung Ayu Yuli Gayatri, I Ketut Agus Somia

Background: The increasingly widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly reduced mortality. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV with a life expectancy >50 years is increasing. With advanced age, the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increases. According to a study in Uganda in 2017, the prevalence of at least one NCD in patients with HIV was 20.7%, with 11-30% of deaths due to NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease. This emphasizes that NCDs in patients with HIV are of clinical concern, as are the factors that increase the risk of these diseases. However, most studies on HIV and NCDs focus on African countries, while research in Asia is limited. Differences in genetics, lifestyle, and co-existing health burdens may influenced NCD prevalence and risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for NCDs in patients with HIV.

Materials and methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ngoerah Hospital from June 8, 2023, to July 7, 2023. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results: In total, 1,644 patients with HIV were included in this study. The prevalence of NCDs was 1.9% for hypertension, 1.1% for diabetes mellitus, 0.7% for dyslipidemia, 1.0% for kidney disorders, 0.1% for stroke, 0.3% for cancer, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 0.2% for autoimmune diseases. After conducting a multivariate test, we found that age >50 years increased the risk of comorbid NCDs by 7.886 times, while male sex increased the risk by 2.568 times, and an ARV regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-NRTI (NNRTI) decreased the risk by 2.625 times.

Conclusion: Hypertension was the most common NCD in patients with HIV, followed by diabetes mellitus. Male patients and those aged >50 years were at a greater risk of developing NCDs, whereas a history of using the two NRTIs + NNRTI regimen was associated with a lower risk of NCDs.

{"title":"Non-Communicable Diseases in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Their Risk Factors.","authors":"Dian Daniella, Anak Agung Ayu Yuli Gayatri, I Ketut Agus Somia","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0123","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasingly widespread use of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) to manage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has significantly reduced mortality. Accordingly, the number of patients with HIV with a life expectancy >50 years is increasing. With advanced age, the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increases. According to a study in Uganda in 2017, the prevalence of at least one NCD in patients with HIV was 20.7%, with 11-30% of deaths due to NCDs, especially cardiovascular disease. This emphasizes that NCDs in patients with HIV are of clinical concern, as are the factors that increase the risk of these diseases. However, most studies on HIV and NCDs focus on African countries, while research in Asia is limited. Differences in genetics, lifestyle, and co-existing health burdens may influenced NCD prevalence and risk factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for NCDs in patients with HIV.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Ngoerah Hospital from June 8, 2023, to July 7, 2023. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,644 patients with HIV were included in this study. The prevalence of NCDs was 1.9% for hypertension, 1.1% for diabetes mellitus, 0.7% for dyslipidemia, 1.0% for kidney disorders, 0.1% for stroke, 0.3% for cancer, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 0.2% for autoimmune diseases. After conducting a multivariate test, we found that age >50 years increased the risk of comorbid NCDs by 7.886 times, while male sex increased the risk by 2.568 times, and an ARV regimen of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) + non-NRTI (NNRTI) decreased the risk by 2.625 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypertension was the most common NCD in patients with HIV, followed by diabetes mellitus. Male patients and those aged >50 years were at a greater risk of developing NCDs, whereas a history of using the two NRTIs + NNRTI regimen was associated with a lower risk of NCDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RSV Prevention Strategies in Korean Children: A Review of Current Approaches and Emerging Options. 韩国儿童 RSV 预防策略:当前方法和新兴方案回顾。
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0122
Hyun Jung Kim, Sujin Choi, Young June Choe

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant threat to infants and young children in Korea and globally. Current preventive measures, such as palivizumab, have limitations, necessitating the exploration of new strategies. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a promising option for protecting all infants from RSV. Clinical trials and real-world evidence support its effectiveness in reducing RSV-related hospitalizations. The economic burden of RSV infection in Korea underscores the need for cost-effective interventions. While several RSV vaccines are under development, none are currently available in Korea. Maternal immunization programs and vaccines for older infants offer potential avenues for expanding protection. This review highlights the evolving landscape of RSV prevention, with a shift towards nirsevimab and future vaccines. Further research is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of RSV infection and develop comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to the Korean population.

呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)对韩国乃至全球的婴幼儿都构成了严重威胁。目前的预防措施(如帕利珠单抗)存在局限性,因此有必要探索新的策略。Nirsevimab 是一种长效单克隆抗体,已成为保护所有婴儿免受 RSV 感染的一种有前途的选择。临床试验和真实世界的证据都证明了它在减少 RSV 相关住院治疗方面的有效性。在韩国,RSV 感染造成的经济负担凸显了采取具有成本效益的干预措施的必要性。虽然有几种 RSV 疫苗正在研发中,但目前在韩国还没有上市。孕产妇免疫计划和大龄婴儿疫苗为扩大保护范围提供了潜在途径。本综述强调了 RSV 预防的演变趋势,即转向使用 nirsevimab 和未来的疫苗。进一步的研究对于了解 RSV 感染的长期后果和制定适合韩国人口的综合预防策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The Mortality of Colistin Monotherapy vs. Colistin-Sulbactam for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia: A Propensity Score Analysis.
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0125
Nadia Cheh-Oh, Chutchawan Ungthammakhun, Dhitiwat Changpradub, Wichai Santimaleeworagun

Background: This study compared the mortality rates within 30 days of 2 different doses of sulbactam (6 g and 9-12 g daily) when used in colistin (COL)-based treatment regimens and COL monotherapy for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB).

Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included 234 participants diagnosed with severe pneumonia due to CRAB infection at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand, from July 1, 2011, to April 30, 2023. Participants were categorized into three groups: COL monotherapy, COL with 6 g of sulbactam daily (COL+S6g), and COL with 9-12 g of sulbactam daily (COL+SHD). Following the exclusion of patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dl), a 1:2 propensity score (PS) matching was used to ensure comparable groups, with the COL group designated as the control. The matching variables included age, APACHE II scores, serum creatinine, intensive care units admission, and bacteremia. The number of participants in each group was as follows: 19 in COL, 32 in COL+S6g, and 38 in COL+SHD. The primary outcomes assessed were all-cause mortality rates at 7, 14, and 30 days. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Log-rank test were used to evaluate differences between groups, while multivariate Cox regression models were applied to determine the impact of treatment regimens.

Results: The unmatching PS analysis indicated that the COL+SHD regimen significantly reduces mortality compared to the COL regimen; hazard ratios (HR) were 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.55) for 7-day mortality and 0.53 (95% CI,-0.29-0.97) for 30-day mortality. In addition, the COL+SHD regimen also lowered mortality more than the COL+S6g regimen within 7 days (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.75). After PS matching, the COL+SHD regimen significantly reduced 7-day mortality compared to the COL regimen (adjusted HR, 0.24; 95% CI, -0.07-0.82). However, COL+S6g did not differ in mortality from either COL+SHD or COL for 7-day mortality. At 14 days and 30 days, there were no significant regimens to reduce mortality.

Conclusion: Combining COL+SHD effectively reduced death in 7 days from severe pneumonia in CRAB infection treatment.

{"title":"The Mortality of Colistin Monotherapy <i>vs.</i> Colistin-Sulbactam for Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Pneumonia: A Propensity Score Analysis.","authors":"Nadia Cheh-Oh, Chutchawan Ungthammakhun, Dhitiwat Changpradub, Wichai Santimaleeworagun","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0125","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study compared the mortality rates within 30 days of 2 different doses of sulbactam (6 g and 9-12 g daily) when used in colistin (COL)-based treatment regimens and COL monotherapy for carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 234 participants diagnosed with severe pneumonia due to CRAB infection at Phramongkutklao Hospital, Thailand, from July 1, 2011, to April 30, 2023. Participants were categorized into three groups: COL monotherapy, COL with 6 g of sulbactam daily (COL+S6g), and COL with 9-12 g of sulbactam daily (COL+SHD). Following the exclusion of patients with renal impairment (serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dl), a 1:2 propensity score (PS) matching was used to ensure comparable groups, with the COL group designated as the control. The matching variables included age, APACHE II scores, serum creatinine, intensive care units admission, and bacteremia. The number of participants in each group was as follows: 19 in COL, 32 in COL+S6g, and 38 in COL+SHD. The primary outcomes assessed were all-cause mortality rates at 7, 14, and 30 days. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the Log-rank test were used to evaluate differences between groups, while multivariate Cox regression models were applied to determine the impact of treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The unmatching PS analysis indicated that the COL+SHD regimen significantly reduces mortality compared to the COL regimen; hazard ratios (HR) were 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.55) for 7-day mortality and 0.53 (95% CI,-0.29-0.97) for 30-day mortality. In addition, the COL+SHD regimen also lowered mortality more than the COL+S6g regimen within 7 days (HR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.75). After PS matching, the COL+SHD regimen significantly reduced 7-day mortality compared to the COL regimen (adjusted HR, 0.24; 95% CI, -0.07-0.82). However, COL+S6g did not differ in mortality from either COL+SHD or COL for 7-day mortality. At 14 days and 30 days, there were no significant regimens to reduce mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining COL+SHD effectively reduced death in 7 days from severe pneumonia in CRAB infection treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pertussis in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Resurgence, Diagnosis, and Management.
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0117
Hyun Mi Kang, Taek-Jin Lee, Su Eun Park, Soo-Han Choi

Pertussis is endemic worldwide, with epidemics occurring every 2 to 5 years despite a high vaccination coverage. After limited circulation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pertussis cases have increased rapidly worldwide since mid-late 2023, returning to pre-pandemic patterns. In Korea, 90 cases of pertussis were reported from April 2020 to May 2023, with elderly individuals aged ≥65 years accounting for 48.9%. Pertussis cases have increased sharply since June 2024, showing a nationwide epidemic, with a large increase among adolescents aged 13-15 years. As of August 2024, the national incidence rate of pertussis was estimated to be 37.75 per 100,000 population, with the highest incidence of 526.2 per 100,000 population in 13-year-olds. In Europe, during 2023-2024, an increase in pertussis incidence among infants was observed, along with large increases in 10-19-year-olds. In China, the number of reported cases of pertussis has increased rapidly since late 2023, with an age shift to older children, increase of vaccine escape, and a marked increase in the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis. The recent global resurgence of pertussis is due to decreased opportunities for boosting immunity by natural infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in combination with waning of immunity-induced pertussis vaccines.

{"title":"Pertussis in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Resurgence, Diagnosis, and Management.","authors":"Hyun Mi Kang, Taek-Jin Lee, Su Eun Park, Soo-Han Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0117","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pertussis is endemic worldwide, with epidemics occurring every 2 to 5 years despite a high vaccination coverage. After limited circulation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, pertussis cases have increased rapidly worldwide since mid-late 2023, returning to pre-pandemic patterns. In Korea, 90 cases of pertussis were reported from April 2020 to May 2023, with elderly individuals aged ≥65 years accounting for 48.9%. Pertussis cases have increased sharply since June 2024, showing a nationwide epidemic, with a large increase among adolescents aged 13-15 years. As of August 2024, the national incidence rate of pertussis was estimated to be 37.75 per 100,000 population, with the highest incidence of 526.2 per 100,000 population in 13-year-olds. In Europe, during 2023-2024, an increase in pertussis incidence among infants was observed, along with large increases in 10-19-year-olds. In China, the number of reported cases of pertussis has increased rapidly since late 2023, with an age shift to older children, increase of vaccine escape, and a marked increase in the prevalence of macrolide-resistant <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>. The recent global resurgence of pertussis is due to decreased opportunities for boosting immunity by natural infection during the COVID-19 pandemic in combination with waning of immunity-induced pertussis vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"13-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Poor Prognosis of Pneumococcal Co-Infection in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. COVID-19住院患者肺炎球菌合并感染的不良预后:倾向评分匹配分析
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0130
Soyoon Hwang, Eunkyung Nam, Shin-Woo Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Yoonjung Kim, Sohyun Bae, Nan Young Lee, Yu Kyung Kim, Ji Sun Kim, Han Wook Park, Joon Gyu Bae, Juhwan Jeong, Ki Tae Kwon

The impact of Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis remains uncertain. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who underwent a pneumococcal urinary antigen (PUA) test to assess its clinical utility. Results showed that PUA-positive patients required more oxygen support, high-flow nasal cannula, and dexamethasone compared to PUA-negative patients. Furthermore, the significantly higher incidence of a National Early Warning Score ≥5 in the PUA-positive group (P<0.001) suggests that a positive PUA test is associated with a severe disease course. However, no significant difference in mortality was observed between the two groups, and antibiotics were used in almost all patients (96.2%). While the PUA test may help guide antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients, its interpretation should be approached with caution.

{"title":"Poor Prognosis of Pneumococcal Co-Infection in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.","authors":"Soyoon Hwang, Eunkyung Nam, Shin-Woo Kim, Hyun-Ha Chang, Yoonjung Kim, Sohyun Bae, Nan Young Lee, Yu Kyung Kim, Ji Sun Kim, Han Wook Park, Joon Gyu Bae, Juhwan Jeong, Ki Tae Kwon","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0130","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> coinfection on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prognosis remains uncertain. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who underwent a pneumococcal urinary antigen (PUA) test to assess its clinical utility. Results showed that PUA-positive patients required more oxygen support, high-flow nasal cannula, and dexamethasone compared to PUA-negative patients. Furthermore, the significantly higher incidence of a National Early Warning Score ≥5 in the PUA-positive group (<i>P</i><0.001) suggests that a positive PUA test is associated with a severe disease course. However, no significant difference in mortality was observed between the two groups, and antibiotics were used in almost all patients (96.2%). While the PUA test may help guide antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients, its interpretation should be approached with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"172-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reply: Food, Water, Air, and Mind must Become Cleaner. 回复:食物、水、空气和思想必须变得更清洁。
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0149
Sheikh Mohd Saleem, Shah Sumaya Jan
{"title":"Reply: Food, Water, Air, and Mind must Become Cleaner.","authors":"Sheikh Mohd Saleem, Shah Sumaya Jan","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0149","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"183-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characteristics and Prevalence of Sequelae after COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.
IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2024.0090
Se Ju Lee, Yae Jee Baek, Su Hwan Lee, Jung Ho Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Jooyun Kim, Ji Hoon Jeon, Hyeri Seok, Won Suk Choi, Dae Won Park, Yunsang Choi, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eu Suk Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Jae-Hoon Ko, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Phil Choi, Jun Hyoung Kim, Hee-Sung Kim, Hye Won Jeong, Jun Yong Choi

Background: The World Health Organization has declared the end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency. However, this did not indicate the end of COVID-19. Several months after the infection, numerous patients complain of respiratory or nonspecific symptoms; this condition is called long COVID. Even patients with mild COVID-19 can experience long COVID, thus the burden of long COVID remains considerable. Therefore, we conducted this study to comprehensively analyze the effects of long COVID using multi-faceted assessments.

Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and September 2021 in six tertiary hospitals in Korea. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after discharge. Long COVID was defined as the persistence of three or more COVID-19-related symptoms. The primary outcome of this study was the prevalence of long COVID after the period of COVID-19.

Results: During the study period, 290 patients were enrolled. Among them, 54.5 and 34.6% experienced long COVID within 6 months and after more than 18 months, respectively. Several patients showed abnormal results when tested for post-traumatic stress disorder (17.4%) and anxiety (31.9%) after 18 months. In patients who underwent follow-up chest computed tomography 18 months after COVID-19, abnormal findings remained at 51.9%. Males (odds ratio [OR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.53; P=0.004) and elderly (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09; P=0.04) showed a significant association with long COVID after 12-18 months in a multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion: Many patients still showed long COVID after 18 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. When managing these patients, the assessment of multiple aspects is necessary.

{"title":"Characteristics and Prevalence of Sequelae after COVID-19: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.","authors":"Se Ju Lee, Yae Jee Baek, Su Hwan Lee, Jung Ho Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Jooyun Kim, Ji Hoon Jeon, Hyeri Seok, Won Suk Choi, Dae Won Park, Yunsang Choi, Kyoung-Ho Song, Eu Suk Kim, Hong Bin Kim, Jae-Hoon Ko, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Phil Choi, Jun Hyoung Kim, Hee-Sung Kim, Hye Won Jeong, Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0090","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization has declared the end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency. However, this did not indicate the end of COVID-19. Several months after the infection, numerous patients complain of respiratory or nonspecific symptoms; this condition is called long COVID. Even patients with mild COVID-19 can experience long COVID, thus the burden of long COVID remains considerable. Therefore, we conducted this study to comprehensively analyze the effects of long COVID using multi-faceted assessments.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective cohort study involving patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and September 2021 in six tertiary hospitals in Korea. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after discharge. Long COVID was defined as the persistence of three or more COVID-19-related symptoms. The primary outcome of this study was the prevalence of long COVID after the period of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 290 patients were enrolled. Among them, 54.5 and 34.6% experienced long COVID within 6 months and after more than 18 months, respectively. Several patients showed abnormal results when tested for post-traumatic stress disorder (17.4%) and anxiety (31.9%) after 18 months. In patients who underwent follow-up chest computed tomography 18 months after COVID-19, abnormal findings remained at 51.9%. Males (odds ratio [OR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.53; <i>P</i>=0.004) and elderly (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09; <i>P</i>=0.04) showed a significant association with long COVID after 12-18 months in a multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many patients still showed long COVID after 18 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection. When managing these patients, the assessment of multiple aspects is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Infection and Chemotherapy
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