Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.550
Elvis I. Agbonlahor, Kelly Osasehia Eghosa
Over the years, experts have sought varied means of enhancing the learning of motor skills and optimizing motor performance. The role of learning theories in the learning of motor skills has been studied. Classical conditioning is a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. This study explains the role of classical conditioning on motor learning and performance. Classical conditioning should be applied in the teaching of the practical aspects of physical education to students especially in the early stages of their learning. This would help in motivating them and consequently optimizing their motor skill learning and performance. One must be able to practice and master a task effectively before embarking on another one. This means that a student needs to be able to respond to a particular stimulus (information) before he/she can be associated with a new one. Classical conditioning should be used by Coaches and Sports Psychologists in helping Athletes overcome their fear of failure or opponents. There is the need for more studies on the optimizing of motor outcomes via classical conditioning to be conducted.
{"title":"Optimizing motor skills through classical conditioning theory","authors":"Elvis I. Agbonlahor, Kelly Osasehia Eghosa","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.550","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, experts have sought varied means of enhancing the learning of motor skills and optimizing motor performance. The role of learning theories in the learning of motor skills has been studied. Classical conditioning is a reflexive or automatic type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus. This study explains the role of classical conditioning on motor learning and performance. Classical conditioning should be applied in the teaching of the practical aspects of physical education to students especially in the early stages of their learning. This would help in motivating them and consequently optimizing their motor skill learning and performance. One must be able to practice and master a task effectively before embarking on another one. This means that a student needs to be able to respond to a particular stimulus (information) before he/she can be associated with a new one. Classical conditioning should be used by Coaches and Sports Psychologists in helping Athletes overcome their fear of failure or opponents. There is the need for more studies on the optimizing of motor outcomes via classical conditioning to be conducted.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"63 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88861042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.546
Tony Dansu
It is the dream of every nation, and its athletes to excel in all sport competitions and tournaments, so as to maximise the benefits of success associated to excellence in performance. However, injury is a major factor militating against success of athletes; it is considered as a potential threat in sports. This study was a retrospective one, designed to compare the patterns of sports injury between a group of elite players of beach soccer and their counterparts of association football in Nigeria. For this purpose, 46 players (23 from each sport) were purposively selected to participate in the study. A self developed questionnaire titled Questionnaire on sports Injury among athletes (QSIA) with 0.78 reliability level was used for data collection, and the data collected were analysed using frequency, simple percentage, mean and independent t-test. Results showed that there are variations in the pattern of sports injuries sustained by beach soccer players and association footballers. These variations are noticeable in the types of sports injuries they sustained, the regions of the body affected by the injuries, the preceding incidents to the injuries, and the levels of intensity of the injuries.
{"title":"A comparison of patterns of sports injury between elite players of beach soccer and association football in Nigeria","authors":"Tony Dansu","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.546","url":null,"abstract":"It is the dream of every nation, and its athletes to excel in all sport competitions and tournaments, so as to maximise the benefits of success associated to excellence in performance. However, injury is a major factor militating against success of athletes; it is considered as a potential threat in sports. This study was a retrospective one, designed to compare the patterns of sports injury between a group of elite players of beach soccer and their counterparts of association football in Nigeria. For this purpose, 46 players (23 from each sport) were purposively selected to participate in the study. A self developed questionnaire titled Questionnaire on sports Injury among athletes (QSIA) with 0.78 reliability level was used for data collection, and the data collected were analysed using frequency, simple percentage, mean and independent t-test. Results showed that there are variations in the pattern of sports injuries sustained by beach soccer players and association footballers. These variations are noticeable in the types of sports injuries they sustained, the regions of the body affected by the injuries, the preceding incidents to the injuries, and the levels of intensity of the injuries.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80541648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.549
S. Oniyangi, A. Jamiu
This study investigated on Knowledge of the perceived influence of food supplements on sexual performance of male Undergraduates in University of Ilorin. Nutritional supplements are products intended to make up for a poor diet or to support our health in the same way that nutritious food will perform. This study investigated (i) influence of ginger as a nutritional supplement on sexual performance among male Undergraduates, University of Ilorin (ii) influence of watermelon as a nutritional supplement on sexual performance among male Undergraduates, University of Ilorin (iii) influence of banana as nutritional supplement on sexual performance among male Undergraduates, University of Ilorin. A descriptive research design of survey type was employed for this study. The population consists of all male undergraduates in University of Ilorin. A multistage sampling technique was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four hundred and twenty seven (427) respondents for the study. Researcher’s designed structured questionnaire which was validated by four experts from the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education; University of Ilorin was used for data collection. A correlation co-efficient of .82r was obtained through test retest method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation .Data collection was conducted by the researcher and four trained research assistants. The three postulated null hypotheses were tested using the inferential statistics of chi-square @0.05 alpha level. The findings from this study reveal that; ginger as a nutritional supplement significantly influences sexual performance of male undergraduate with the calculated chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 311.010 is greater than the table chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 16.92 at the freedom (df) 9 @ 0.05 alpha level; Watermelon as a nutritional supplement significantly influences sexual performance of male undergraduate with the calculated chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 543.013 is greater than the table chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 21.03 at the freedom (df) 12 @ 0.05 alpha level and Banana as a nutritional supplement significantly influences sexual performance of male undergraduate in University of Ilorin with the calculated chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 629.021 is greater than the table chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 25.00 at the freedom (df) 15 @ 0.05 alpha level. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that ginger, watermelon and banana as a nutritional supplement influenced sexual performance among undergraduates, University of Ilorin. Therefore, it was recommended that male undergraduate students should be encouraged on the consumption of ginger which will serve a body building stimulant and increases the production of sperm motility, regular intake of watermelon which serves as hormone regulator and inhibitor to sexual performance should be taking more often among male undergraduate and knowledge of the consumption of banana intake as a treatment of inte
{"title":"Knowledge of the perceived influence of nutritional supplements on sexual performance of male undergraduates in university of Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"S. Oniyangi, A. Jamiu","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.549","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated on Knowledge of the perceived influence of food supplements on sexual performance of male Undergraduates in University of Ilorin. Nutritional supplements are products intended to make up for a poor diet or to support our health in the same way that nutritious food will perform. This study investigated (i) influence of ginger as a nutritional supplement on sexual performance among male Undergraduates, University of Ilorin (ii) influence of watermelon as a nutritional supplement on sexual performance among male Undergraduates, University of Ilorin (iii) influence of banana as nutritional supplement on sexual performance among male Undergraduates, University of Ilorin. A descriptive research design of survey type was employed for this study. The population consists of all male undergraduates in University of Ilorin. A multistage sampling technique was used for the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select four hundred and twenty seven (427) respondents for the study. Researcher’s designed structured questionnaire which was validated by four experts from the Department of Health Promotion and Environmental Health Education; University of Ilorin was used for data collection. A correlation co-efficient of .82r was obtained through test retest method using Pearson Product Moment Correlation .Data collection was conducted by the researcher and four trained research assistants. The three postulated null hypotheses were tested using the inferential statistics of chi-square @0.05 alpha level. The findings from this study reveal that; ginger as a nutritional supplement significantly influences sexual performance of male undergraduate with the calculated chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 311.010 is greater than the table chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 16.92 at the freedom (df) 9 @ 0.05 alpha level; Watermelon as a nutritional supplement significantly influences sexual performance of male undergraduate with the calculated chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 543.013 is greater than the table chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 21.03 at the freedom (df) 12 @ 0.05 alpha level and Banana as a nutritional supplement significantly influences sexual performance of male undergraduate in University of Ilorin with the calculated chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 629.021 is greater than the table chi-square (ᵪ2) value of 25.00 at the freedom (df) 15 @ 0.05 alpha level. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that ginger, watermelon and banana as a nutritional supplement influenced sexual performance among undergraduates, University of Ilorin. Therefore, it was recommended that male undergraduate students should be encouraged on the consumption of ginger which will serve a body building stimulant and increases the production of sperm motility, regular intake of watermelon which serves as hormone regulator and inhibitor to sexual performance should be taking more often among male undergraduate and knowledge of the consumption of banana intake as a treatment of inte","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76860629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.547
Charles Domfeh
Teachers who are employed to teach in the basic schools in Ghana, either ply their trade in the primary schools or the junior high schools (JHS). The primary classes comprise of classes 1-6, and the junior high schools are made up of JHS 1-3. The primary school teachers are termed as “classroom teachers”, because a teacher is allotted a particular class and he or she is responsible for teaching all the subjects on the time table to the pupils throughout the duration the class is assigned to that teacher. In the case of JHS teachers, they are termed subject teachers because they don’t have permanent classes they stick to throughout the year, but rather move from class to class, teaching their specialized subjects to various classes and levels in the school. The writer’s concern in this paper is whether pupils in the primary schools are better off with the classroom teacher policy, or assigning them with subject teachers will be an improvement on the current policy of the Ghana Education Service. Considering the kind of training student-teachers receive during their formation periods in the Colleges of Education, are they better off with the current policy, or will be better off with the subject teaching option. Dose the curricula of Physical Education in particular and other core subjects in general in their present form at the colleges of education, favour the classroom arrangement over the subject teacher option after completion of the training of the newly trained teacher? The advantages and disadvantages of the two polices is discussed in this paper.. The way forward on the issue under discussion so far as Physical Education as a subject is concerned is also assessed in this paper. The interdisciplinary approach of learning is also discussed as one of the ways forward in addressing the classroom/subject teacher dilemma.
{"title":"The dilemma on the policy of classroom teacher as against subject teachers, teaching in primary schools in Ghana: the way forward for physical education as a core subject","authors":"Charles Domfeh","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.547","url":null,"abstract":"Teachers who are employed to teach in the basic schools in Ghana, either ply their trade in the primary schools or the junior high schools (JHS). The primary classes comprise of classes 1-6, and the junior high schools are made up of JHS 1-3. The primary school teachers are termed as “classroom teachers”, because a teacher is allotted a particular class and he or she is responsible for teaching all the subjects on the time table to the pupils throughout the duration the class is assigned to that teacher. In the case of JHS teachers, they are termed subject teachers because they don’t have permanent classes they stick to throughout the year, but rather move from class to class, teaching their specialized subjects to various classes and levels in the school. The writer’s concern in this paper is whether pupils in the primary schools are better off with the classroom teacher policy, or assigning them with subject teachers will be an improvement on the current policy of the Ghana Education Service. Considering the kind of training student-teachers receive during their formation periods in the Colleges of Education, are they better off with the current policy, or will be better off with the subject teaching option. Dose the curricula of Physical Education in particular and other core subjects in general in their present form at the colleges of education, favour the classroom arrangement over the subject teacher option after completion of the training of the newly trained teacher? The advantages and disadvantages of the two polices is discussed in this paper.. The way forward on the issue under discussion so far as Physical Education as a subject is concerned is also assessed in this paper. The interdisciplinary approach of learning is also discussed as one of the ways forward in addressing the classroom/subject teacher dilemma.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76658611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.548
Elvis I. Agbonlahor, A. I. Hammed
The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy of a 12-week strength training (ST) programme on handgrip and pinch strength in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary health institution in Benin-City. This study was a pre-test, post-test control group design. A total of 36 T2DM patients participated in the study. Handgrip and pinch strength were measured using electronic hand dynamometer (in kg) and mechanical pinch gauge (in kg) respectively prior to and following a 12-week ST programme. Data generated were analyzed using inferential statistics of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the statistical significance was accepted for p value of <0.05.The findings of the study showed that ST programme had significant effects on handgrip and pinch strength of T2DM patients. It was concluded that ST programme can substantially optimize handgrip and pinch strength of patients with T2DM. Therefore, ST programme should be considered a key element in the management of T2DM patients.
本研究的目的是确定为期12周的力量训练(ST)计划对贝宁市一家三级医疗机构2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的握力和捏握力的效果。本研究采用前测、后测对照设计。共有36例T2DM患者参与了这项研究。在为期12周的ST计划之前和之后，分别使用电子手部测力仪(单位为kg)和机械夹紧计(单位为kg)测量了手握和夹紧强度。产生的数据采用单因素方差分析(one way analysis of variance, ANOVA)的推断统计进行分析，p值<0.05时接受统计学显著性。研究结果表明，ST方案对T2DM患者的握力和握力有显著影响。结论:ST方案可以显著优化T2DM患者的握力和握力。因此，ST计划应被视为T2DM患者管理的关键因素。
{"title":"Handgrip and pinch strength changes of type II diabetes mellitus patients following a 12- week strength training programme","authors":"Elvis I. Agbonlahor, A. I. Hammed","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v9i1.548","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to establish the efficacy of a 12-week strength training (ST) programme on handgrip and pinch strength in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in a tertiary health institution in Benin-City. This study was a pre-test, post-test control group design. A total of 36 T2DM patients participated in the study. Handgrip and pinch strength were measured using electronic hand dynamometer (in kg) and mechanical pinch gauge (in kg) respectively prior to and following a 12-week ST programme. Data generated were analyzed using inferential statistics of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the statistical significance was accepted for p value of <0.05.The findings of the study showed that ST programme had significant effects on handgrip and pinch strength of T2DM patients. It was concluded that ST programme can substantially optimize handgrip and pinch strength of patients with T2DM. Therefore, ST programme should be considered a key element in the management of T2DM patients.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79872427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-13DOI: 10.1080/07303084.2015.1023127
{"title":"How do we best advocate for quality health and physical education in an economically challenging school climate?","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/07303084.2015.1023127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2015.1023127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"189 1","pages":"54 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74441093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.558
Charles Domfeh
With the increasing number of students who qualify and enroll in universities the world over, and also in the various faculties and colleges of education studies, where students-teachers are trained for the teaching profession, it has become obvious that resident university teachers alone are unable to give ample supervision and monitoring to student-teacher trainees who go out of the campuses to experience real teaching practice. This is often referred to, as external or out of campus teaching practice. In trying to find solution to this vacuum created by insufficient lecturers, not being able to give enough supervisions and assessment scores to grade the practicing teachers, tutors or individuals in the various localities and/or institutions where the student-teachers do the external teaching practice are contracted by the universities as either mentors or internal supervisors to take oversight responsibilities of the student teachers formation, alongside the university lecturers, termed as external supervisors. This paper seek to find out how to reconcile the grading scores of the mentors or internal supervisors which at times, is often on the high side, as against the lecturers or external supervisors scores in order to reflect the true performance levels of the student teachers. This paper also lines up some suggested solutions to the dilemma in order to reflect the real students’ performance scores.
{"title":"Reconciling mentor and residence lecturer’s scores in grading students on teaching practice to be true reflection of students' performance","authors":"Charles Domfeh","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.558","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing number of students who qualify and enroll in universities the world over, and also in the various faculties and colleges of education studies, where students-teachers are trained for the teaching profession, it has become obvious that resident university teachers alone are unable to give ample supervision and monitoring to student-teacher trainees who go out of the campuses to experience real teaching practice. This is often referred to, as external or out of campus teaching practice. In trying to find solution to this vacuum created by insufficient lecturers, not being able to give enough supervisions and assessment scores to grade the practicing teachers, tutors or individuals in the various localities and/or institutions where the student-teachers do the external teaching practice are contracted by the universities as either mentors or internal supervisors to take oversight responsibilities of the student teachers formation, alongside the university lecturers, termed as external supervisors. This paper seek to find out how to reconcile the grading scores of the mentors or internal supervisors which at times, is often on the high side, as against the lecturers or external supervisors scores in order to reflect the true performance levels of the student teachers. This paper also lines up some suggested solutions to the dilemma in order to reflect the real students’ performance scores.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87106016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.556
Jude Femi Blavo, Adesoji Adeyemi Oroleeye
The study assessed the use and impact of Information and Communication Technology in teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey design was used for the study. The data were collected using self developed structured questionnaire, the co-variates collected in the questionnaire were: availability of ICT, adequate personnel and availability of funds, test-retest reliability co-efficient of 0.76 while purposive and stratified sampling technique was used to select the respondents and schools respectively. One thousand eight hundred and twenty six instruments were retrieved out of One thousand nine hundred and fifty distributed and statistics of mean, standard deviation and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that all the co-variates used in the study were significant. Showing a joint regression produced F (6.1819) = 83.188, P<0.05. Since p value is less than 0.05. Integrating information and communication technology into health Education is very essential to improve the teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos Nigeria.
{"title":"The use and impact of ICT in teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Jude Femi Blavo, Adesoji Adeyemi Oroleeye","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.556","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the use and impact of Information and Communication Technology in teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos State, Nigeria. A survey design was used for the study. The data were collected using self developed structured questionnaire, the co-variates collected in the questionnaire were: availability of ICT, adequate personnel and availability of funds, test-retest reliability co-efficient of 0.76 while purposive and stratified sampling technique was used to select the respondents and schools respectively. One thousand eight hundred and twenty six instruments were retrieved out of One thousand nine hundred and fifty distributed and statistics of mean, standard deviation and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results indicated that all the co-variates used in the study were significant. Showing a joint regression produced F (6.1819) = 83.188, P<0.05. Since p value is less than 0.05. Integrating information and communication technology into health Education is very essential to improve the teaching and learning of health education in elementary schools in Lagos Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87580642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.560
A.A.O. Mumunni, Adelakun Kayode
A policy remains a mere intention if it is not implemented. Non-implementation policy is a serious problem in Nigeria. There is always a wide gap between policy formulation and policy implementation in Nigeria. What is written is not always what is practiced. This paper presents a theoretical review of barriers to effective implementation of sports policies in schools. This paper looked at1989 and 2009 Nigeria Sports Policy as they affect schools’ sports. It observed that the laudable policies have not been effectively implemented because of some government and institutional factors which reduce government policy on sport to a mere paper work. Some impediments to sports and physical education policy implementation in schools in Nigeria were examined. Some of the barriers highlighted in the paper included lack of collaboration between Ministry of sports and Ministry of Education; corruption, treatment of sport as a marginal programme in the school curriculum and many others. The paper recommended adequate funding of schools sports and suggested the need for effective collaboration between Ministries of Education and Sports at Federal and State levels.
{"title":"Impediments to effective implementation of sports policy in Nigeria schools","authors":"A.A.O. Mumunni, Adelakun Kayode","doi":"10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.560","url":null,"abstract":"A policy remains a mere intention if it is not implemented. Non-implementation policy is a serious problem in Nigeria. There is always a wide gap between policy formulation and policy implementation in Nigeria. What is written is not always what is practiced. This paper presents a theoretical review of barriers to effective implementation of sports policies in schools. This paper looked at1989 and 2009 Nigeria Sports Policy as they affect schools’ sports. It observed that the laudable policies have not been effectively implemented because of some government and institutional factors which reduce government policy on sport to a mere paper work. Some impediments to sports and physical education policy implementation in schools in Nigeria were examined. Some of the barriers highlighted in the paper included lack of collaboration between Ministry of sports and Ministry of Education; corruption, treatment of sport as a marginal programme in the school curriculum and many others. The paper recommended adequate funding of schools sports and suggested the need for effective collaboration between Ministries of Education and Sports at Federal and State levels.","PeriodicalId":51628,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physical Education Recreation and Dance","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83091465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-01DOI: 10.47963/gjohpersd.v8i.557
J. Babalola, Charity Chidinma Nna
The skeletal muscle has the ability to extract and use oxygen for generation of energy to perform physical activities. This ability is referred to as cardiorespiratory fitness. The variables measured in this study were resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, vital capacity and forced vital capacity. Four hypotheses tested at 0.05 alpha level. There were significant differences between the participants and the standard norms in all the variables studied in this research. Resting systolic blood pressure (t-Cal= 190.576 > t-Crit.=2.021, P<0.05); Resting diastolic blood pressure (t- Cal=51.951> t-Crit.=2.01, P<0.05); Vital Capacity (t-Cal=- 31.527> t-Crit. = 2.021, P<0.05); Forced Vital Capacity (t- Cal=13.951 > t-Crit. = 2.021, P<0.05); Generally, it was observed that the cardiorespiratory fitness level of the participants was low despite the significant difference in the variables when compared to the standard norm. A programme should be designed to encourage children to lose weight in a healthy manner, thus reducing their BMI and improve their physical fitness, and general wellbeing. Parents should guide the pupils to spend less time on computer games and encourage active physical exercises in form of trekking to school where possible, in order to enhance their cardiorespiratory fitness.
骨骼肌有能力提取和利用氧气来产生能量来进行身体活动。这种能力被称为心肺健康。本研究测量的变量是静息收缩压和舒张压、肺活量和强制肺活量。四个假设在0.05 α水平上检验。在本研究的所有变量中，参与者与标准规范之间存在显著差异。静息收缩压(t-Cal= 190.576) > t-Crit =2.021, P t-Crit =2.01, P t-Crit;= 2.021, P t-Crit。= 2.021, p <0.05);总的来说，尽管变量与标准规范相比存在显著差异，但观察到参与者的心肺健康水平较低。应该设计一个方案，鼓励儿童以健康的方式减肥，从而降低他们的身体质量指数，提高他们的身体素质和总体幸福感。家长应引导学生少花时间玩电脑游戏，并尽量鼓励他们进行积极的体育锻炼，例如步行上学，以增强他们的心肺功能。
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