Historians have expertly documented how Jacobites produced sermons, poems, broadsides, manifestos and other documents intended to communicate the stories and narratives comprising a Scottish Jacobite understanding of the world. Building on that research, this article uses commonplace books to examine the reception of these ideas among Scottish Jacobites. It reveals that they were not passive consumers: their acts of consumption, purchase, borrowing, note-taking and creative construction demonstrate an immense variety of participatory practices in a broader Jacobite world which extend well beyond a limited focus on participation in high politics, battles or risings.
{"title":"Commonplace Jacobitism: Commonplace Books and Scottish Jacobite Social Imaginaries, 1688-1765","authors":"David Parrish","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0677","url":null,"abstract":"Historians have expertly documented how Jacobites produced sermons, poems, broadsides, manifestos and other documents intended to communicate the stories and narratives comprising a Scottish Jacobite understanding of the world. Building on that research, this article uses commonplace books to examine the reception of these ideas among Scottish Jacobites. It reveals that they were not passive consumers: their acts of consumption, purchase, borrowing, note-taking and creative construction demonstrate an immense variety of participatory practices in a broader Jacobite world which extend well beyond a limited focus on participation in high politics, battles or risings.","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smuggling plays a key role in several debates about the short- and mid-term consequences of the 1707 Union of Scotland and England, with the general consensus that smuggling was as widespread and dramatic as the early post-Union Scottish customs administration was inefficient and corrupt. This article questions these assumptions through a detailed study of the post-Union Scottish customs. By highlighting the bureaucratic sophistication apparent in the administrative changes, as well by as comparing the extent of customs fraud and tax resistance in Scotland with developments in England and Wales, the article argues for a more even-handed evaluation of the extent of smuggling on the Scottish scene. It further shows that there are good reasons why the Scottish situation was subject to an exaggerated perception in England. Ultimately, the article illustrates that the real problem for the English executive in addressing the Scottish customs in the wake of the Union was a particular fiscal dilemma that resulted from a clash between contemporary expectations about the profitability of the Scottish customs and the simultaneous need for preventive measures.
{"title":"Smuggling and the Customs Administration in Post-Union Scotland, c. 1707-24","authors":"Hannes Ziegler","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0675","url":null,"abstract":"Smuggling plays a key role in several debates about the short- and mid-term consequences of the 1707 Union of Scotland and England, with the general consensus that smuggling was as widespread and dramatic as the early post-Union Scottish customs administration was inefficient and corrupt. This article questions these assumptions through a detailed study of the post-Union Scottish customs. By highlighting the bureaucratic sophistication apparent in the administrative changes, as well by as comparing the extent of customs fraud and tax resistance in Scotland with developments in England and Wales, the article argues for a more even-handed evaluation of the extent of smuggling on the Scottish scene. It further shows that there are good reasons why the Scottish situation was subject to an exaggerated perception in England. Ultimately, the article illustrates that the real problem for the English executive in addressing the Scottish customs in the wake of the Union was a particular fiscal dilemma that resulted from a clash between contemporary expectations about the profitability of the Scottish customs and the simultaneous need for preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through a close examination of two cases in which rural schoolmasters in Victorian Scotland were accused of sexually assaulting their pupils, this article explores the gendered social and power dynamics, attitudes towards teachers and the nature of schools as spaces and institutions in rural communities. The sense of authority that community members felt over schoolmasters made them subject to scrutiny and pressure from the community, especially the mothers of pupils, in ways that allowed the community to assert at least some authority over schoolmasters. However, both rural schoolmasters examined here were able to leverage their professional prestige, gender and the preference many communities had to handle potentially scandalous matters quietly and locally to mitigate substantially the consequences they faced.
{"title":"A ‘Heinous Offence’: Rural Schoolmasters and Sexual Assault in Victorian Scotland","authors":"Christopher Bischof","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0673","url":null,"abstract":"Through a close examination of two cases in which rural schoolmasters in Victorian Scotland were accused of sexually assaulting their pupils, this article explores the gendered social and power dynamics, attitudes towards teachers and the nature of schools as spaces and institutions in rural communities. The sense of authority that community members felt over schoolmasters made them subject to scrutiny and pressure from the community, especially the mothers of pupils, in ways that allowed the community to assert at least some authority over schoolmasters. However, both rural schoolmasters examined here were able to leverage their professional prestige, gender and the preference many communities had to handle potentially scandalous matters quietly and locally to mitigate substantially the consequences they faced.","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":" 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses a subject that has not been examined by scholars: the extent of corruption in early Scottish chief constables. Three men placed in charge of their forces in the county of Roxburgh between 1861 and 1902 succumbed to corruption. There are striking similarities in the backgrounds of the men: they were all married men, experienced police leaders, highly regarded by their previous forces and successful in their new roles. James McMaster abused his position of power to cajole a young constable into a homosexual relationship, Daniel Munro deserted the force with a married woman and John Macdonald experienced alcohol abuse issues. All three men stole from their force. The research presented here is grounded in primary sources ranging from police records, police commissioners’ minute books, the reports of the Inspector of Constabulary, the private correspondence of the Duke of Buccleuch and local newspapers. The article describes the circumstances whereby their crimes were revealed and the reaction of their police commissioners. It also poses an important question: if this examination of one small rural county uncovers such a high level of criminality, how widespread was corruption amongst Scotland's early police leaders?
{"title":"Corruption and Early Chief Constables in the County of Roxburgh: Sexual Misconduct, Thefts, Desertion and a ‘Disreputable Drunkard’","authors":"David M. Smale","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0674","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses a subject that has not been examined by scholars: the extent of corruption in early Scottish chief constables. Three men placed in charge of their forces in the county of Roxburgh between 1861 and 1902 succumbed to corruption. There are striking similarities in the backgrounds of the men: they were all married men, experienced police leaders, highly regarded by their previous forces and successful in their new roles. James McMaster abused his position of power to cajole a young constable into a homosexual relationship, Daniel Munro deserted the force with a married woman and John Macdonald experienced alcohol abuse issues. All three men stole from their force. The research presented here is grounded in primary sources ranging from police records, police commissioners’ minute books, the reports of the Inspector of Constabulary, the private correspondence of the Duke of Buccleuch and local newspapers. The article describes the circumstances whereby their crimes were revealed and the reaction of their police commissioners. It also poses an important question: if this examination of one small rural county uncovers such a high level of criminality, how widespread was corruption amongst Scotland's early police leaders?","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent scholarship has asserted the presence of a ‘Patriot Party’ in the 1730s that took a pan-Atlantic approach to reforming the British empire along egalitarian lines. Two Scots, Sir William Keith and James Thomson, have been suggested as part of the patriot movement. This article argues that Keith and Thomson shared a Scoto-British view of the British empire that did not urge an egalitarian empire or neatly conform to a coherent patriot programme. Instead of being influenced by a radical movement for imperial change in the 1730s, they were more concerned with preserving the 1688/9 Revolution Settlement, defending the creation of the British state in 1707 and extending the British constitutional establishment of parliamentary sovereignty into the Atlantic colonies. Keith and Thomson shared a view of the Empire that was increasingly common with contemporary Scottish colonial administrators, who were concerned that the colonies were poorly governed, neglected and corrupt. They innovated, however, by offering works that depicted the history of Britain as one of union and empire, thus writing some of the British empire’s first imperial histories, and Keith proposed policies intended to subjugate the colonies to crown authority that became influential in the 1760s.
{"title":"Sir William Keith, James Thomson and Scoto-British Views of the British Empire, its History and Imperial Policy, 1728-40","authors":"Zachary Bates","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0676","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship has asserted the presence of a ‘Patriot Party’ in the 1730s that took a pan-Atlantic approach to reforming the British empire along egalitarian lines. Two Scots, Sir William Keith and James Thomson, have been suggested as part of the patriot movement. This article argues that Keith and Thomson shared a Scoto-British view of the British empire that did not urge an egalitarian empire or neatly conform to a coherent patriot programme. Instead of being influenced by a radical movement for imperial change in the 1730s, they were more concerned with preserving the 1688/9 Revolution Settlement, defending the creation of the British state in 1707 and extending the British constitutional establishment of parliamentary sovereignty into the Atlantic colonies. Keith and Thomson shared a view of the Empire that was increasingly common with contemporary Scottish colonial administrators, who were concerned that the colonies were poorly governed, neglected and corrupt. They innovated, however, by offering works that depicted the history of Britain as one of union and empire, thus writing some of the British empire’s first imperial histories, and Keith proposed policies intended to subjugate the colonies to crown authority that became influential in the 1760s.","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The arrival of a pirate ship in Loch Craignish in 1720 was an episodic occurrence, which introduced a local community in Argyllshire to the process of globalisation, a process marked by the transoceanic movements of people, goods and ideas. For literate Scots, the wider horizons of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were opened up by novels, travel literature and newsprint. While reading material stimulated the mind and promoted discussion about matters of global interest, actual commodities from overseas variously engaged all the senses. Globalisation became an active rather than a passive experience. Sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste affected all, from the social, commercial and intellectual elites to the woman in the field and the man in the street in early modern Scotland. Nevertheless, public knowledge of where colonial commodities came from became distanced by time. A global awareness of place was retained in families and communities overtly engaged in mercantile and military adventuring, especially when accompanied by death whether through natural causes, misadventure or mortal combat. Illicit activities had a no less profound impact. Indeed, covert people trafficking, enslavement, smuggling, shipwrecking and piracy had a more local immediacy.
{"title":"Globalisation Occurred in Loch Craignish in 1720","authors":"Allan I. Macinnes","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0667","url":null,"abstract":"The arrival of a pirate ship in Loch Craignish in 1720 was an episodic occurrence, which introduced a local community in Argyllshire to the process of globalisation, a process marked by the transoceanic movements of people, goods and ideas. For literate Scots, the wider horizons of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries were opened up by novels, travel literature and newsprint. While reading material stimulated the mind and promoted discussion about matters of global interest, actual commodities from overseas variously engaged all the senses. Globalisation became an active rather than a passive experience. Sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste affected all, from the social, commercial and intellectual elites to the woman in the field and the man in the street in early modern Scotland. Nevertheless, public knowledge of where colonial commodities came from became distanced by time. A global awareness of place was retained in families and communities overtly engaged in mercantile and military adventuring, especially when accompanied by death whether through natural causes, misadventure or mortal combat. Illicit activities had a no less profound impact. Indeed, covert people trafficking, enslavement, smuggling, shipwrecking and piracy had a more local immediacy.","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":"32 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beveridge, Recovering Scottish History: John Hill Burton and Scottish National Identity in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"C. B. Bow","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":"101 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Singh, Scandal and Survival in Nineteenth-Century Scotland: The Life of Jane Cumming","authors":"Hannah Weaver","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":"444 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140782172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keay, The Restless Republic: Britain without a Crown","authors":"Nathan Maclennan","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":"86 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oates, Anti-Jacobitism and the English People, 1714–1746","authors":"Darren S. Layne","doi":"10.3366/shr.2024.0656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/shr.2024.0656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516892,"journal":{"name":"The Scottish Historical Review","volume":"17 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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