Huafeng Shao, Pengcheng Xia, Shulei Wang, Aihua He
In this paper, a series of novel trans-1, 4-polyisoprene/isotactic polybutene (TPI/iPB) in-reactor blends were synthesized by isoprene and butene sequential two-stage polymerization technology with spherical TiCl4/MgCl2 type Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The components, structures, and properties of the as-obtained TPI/iPB reactor blends were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The active trans-1, 4-polyisoprene (TPI) particles obtained in the initial isoprene polymerization by the Z-N catalyst can be acted as microreactors to initiate butene polymerization subsequently. The TPI/iPB reactor blends with varied components were in situ synthesized within the reactor. The preparative-temperature rising elution fractionation (p-TREF) technique was used to fractionate the TPI/iPB reactor blends based on the elution temperature ranged from −40°C to 90°C. The weight distribution and microstructure of each fraction were investigated. The reactor blends are composed of crystallizable high trans-1, 4-uint polyisoprene obtained from the first-stage isoprene polymerization, high isotactic polybutene obtained from the second-stage butene polymerization and TPI-b-iPB block copolymer with different sequence structure obtained from the initial time of the second stage. This work is expected to propose the possible polymerizations of a-olefins and conjugated dienes by using heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst and provide a kind of novel rubber/plastic reactor blend materials.
{"title":"In situ synthesis of novel trans-1, 4-polyisoprene/isotactic polybutene reactor blends with multi-component structure","authors":"Huafeng Shao, Pengcheng Xia, Shulei Wang, Aihua He","doi":"10.1002/pen.26667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26667","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a series of novel <i>trans</i>-1, 4-polyisoprene/isotactic polybutene (TPI/<i>i</i>PB) in-reactor blends were synthesized by isoprene and butene sequential two-stage polymerization technology with spherical TiCl<sub>4</sub>/MgCl<sub>2</sub> type Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The components, structures, and properties of the as-obtained TPI/<i>i</i>PB reactor blends were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The active <i>trans</i>-1, 4-polyisoprene (TPI) particles obtained in the initial isoprene polymerization by the Z-N catalyst can be acted as microreactors to initiate butene polymerization subsequently. The TPI/<i>i</i>PB reactor blends with varied components were in situ synthesized within the reactor. The preparative-temperature rising elution fractionation (p-TREF) technique was used to fractionate the TPI/<i>i</i>PB reactor blends based on the elution temperature ranged from −40°C to 90°C. The weight distribution and microstructure of each fraction were investigated. The reactor blends are composed of crystallizable high <i>trans</i>-1, 4-uint polyisoprene obtained from the first-stage isoprene polymerization, high isotactic polybutene obtained from the second-stage butene polymerization and TPI-<i>b</i>-<i>i</i>PB block copolymer with different sequence structure obtained from the initial time of the second stage. This work is expected to propose the possible polymerizations of <i>a</i>-olefins and conjugated dienes by using heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalyst and provide a kind of novel rubber/plastic reactor blend materials.","PeriodicalId":517408,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering & Science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeynep Iyigundogdu, Rachel Couvreur, Sandeep Tamrakar, Jaewon Yoon, Basak Basar, Osman G. Ersoy, Fikrettin Sahin, Deborah Mielewski, Alper Kiziltas
In the mobility market, there is a demand from customers for antimicrobial protection. As a result, the market has grown considerably to provide antiviral and antimicrobial polymers and coatings. This study examines how the efficacy of a non-commercial antimicrobial thermoplastic elastomer will change over the life of the application. Using an example application of an electric scooter handlebar grip, durability requirements were identified, and antiviral efficacy (exceeding a log value of 3 or >99.9 microbial growth reduction) was compared before and after testing. A scooter handlebar grip was selected as the ideal example application as it was a high-touch surface, with several different riders. During the start of this study, scooter companies were encouraging their riders to disinfect scooter handlebars before riding, use hand sanitizer, and wear gloves. If the handlebar grip could be antimicrobial, then they could eliminate these steps and provide a safe ride for the users. In order to simulate long-term durability, UV exposure, temperature, humidity, artificial sweat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and abrasion tests were performed and evaluated in terms of antiviral activity. Accelerated weathering reduced the virucidal activity of the sample versus unexposed antiviral thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). However, the efficacy increased with contact time from 90% to 96.83% at 30 and 120 min, respectively. Abrasion resistance of antiviral TPE showed a volume loss of 66 mm3 compared to control samples of 83 mm3. The antiviral TPE sample exhibited slightly lower efficacy compared to the control after exposure to the artificial sweat (99.43% vs. 99.95%). Additionally, a skin tolerance test conducted on rabbits showed that antiviral TPE was not an irritant and showed no dermal toxicity. The outcome of this study will lead to the development of long-term durable antimicrobial material for the transportation industry.
{"title":"Long-term durability of thermoplastic elastomer containing antiviral additives for mobility applications","authors":"Zeynep Iyigundogdu, Rachel Couvreur, Sandeep Tamrakar, Jaewon Yoon, Basak Basar, Osman G. Ersoy, Fikrettin Sahin, Deborah Mielewski, Alper Kiziltas","doi":"10.1002/pen.26629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.26629","url":null,"abstract":"In the mobility market, there is a demand from customers for antimicrobial protection. As a result, the market has grown considerably to provide antiviral and antimicrobial polymers and coatings. This study examines how the efficacy of a non-commercial antimicrobial thermoplastic elastomer will change over the life of the application. Using an example application of an electric scooter handlebar grip, durability requirements were identified, and antiviral efficacy (exceeding a log value of 3 or >99.9 microbial growth reduction) was compared before and after testing. A scooter handlebar grip was selected as the ideal example application as it was a high-touch surface, with several different riders. During the start of this study, scooter companies were encouraging their riders to disinfect scooter handlebars before riding, use hand sanitizer, and wear gloves. If the handlebar grip could be antimicrobial, then they could eliminate these steps and provide a safe ride for the users. In order to simulate long-term durability, UV exposure, temperature, humidity, artificial sweat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and abrasion tests were performed and evaluated in terms of antiviral activity. Accelerated weathering reduced the virucidal activity of the sample versus unexposed antiviral thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). However, the efficacy increased with contact time from 90% to 96.83% at 30 and 120 min, respectively. Abrasion resistance of antiviral TPE showed a volume loss of 66 mm<sup>3</sup> compared to control samples of 83 mm<sup>3</sup>. The antiviral TPE sample exhibited slightly lower efficacy compared to the control after exposure to the artificial sweat (99.43% vs. 99.95%). Additionally, a skin tolerance test conducted on rabbits showed that antiviral TPE was not an irritant and showed no dermal toxicity. The outcome of this study will lead to the development of long-term durable antimicrobial material for the transportation industry.","PeriodicalId":517408,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Engineering & Science","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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