Narra J最新文献

Given the high prevalence of obesity worldwide, effective therapeutic strategies are crucial to prevent and manage obesity-related health conditions. Existing studies indicate that Lactobacillus sp. showed beneficial effects on body weight and adiposity by modifying the gut microbiota; however, no meta-analysis has been conducted assessing the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp-based probiotics on anthropometric parameters, leptin and adiponectin levels, and gut microbiota composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus sp. in obese individuals without comorbidities. A systematic search was conducted on November 28, 2024, using five databases: PubMed, Wiley, ScienceDirect, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane. Primary outcomes included changes in body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist and hip circumferences, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, and total body fat content. Secondary outcomes included alterations in leptin and adiponectin levels, gut microbiota composition, and the incidence of adverse events. A total of 1,058 individuals were included across 12 clinical trials. Significant reductions were observed in BMI (mean difference (MD): -0.40 kg/m²; 95%CI: -0.48-(-0.32), p<0.00001), body weight (MD: -1.16 kg; 95%CI: -1.79-(-0.53), p=0.0003), waist circumference (MD: -1.41 cm; 95%CI: -1.75-(-1.08), p<0.00001), and hip circumference (MD: -0.85 cm; 95%CI: -1.09-(-0.61), p<0.00001) compared to controls. Additionally, compared to control group, significant reductions were observed in visceral and subcutaneous fat mass (MD: -7.35; 95%CI: -9.95-(-4.75); p<0.00001) and overall body fat (MD: -1.11; 95%CI: -1.31-(-0.91); p<0.00001). Leptin levels significantly decreased (MD: -2.11 μg/mL; 95%CI: -3.59-(-0.64), p=0.005) compared to before Lactobacillus sp. supplementation, while adiponectin levels increased (MD: 0.71 μg/mL; 95%CI: 0.22-1.20, p=0.004) following Lactobacillus sp. supplementation compared to placebo group. No significant adverse events were reported in either the intervention or control groups. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. probiotic supplementation may serve as an adjuvant therapy to enhance obesity management in non-comorbid obese individuals.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. During MI, cardiomyocyte necrosis and inflammation are crucial in the post-MI cardiac remodeling process, including pyroptosis. Although colchicine is a well-known anti-inflammatory drug that has been clinically studied in the context of MI, its role in cardiac pyroptosis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of colchicine in pyroptosis in vitro, using CoCl₂-induced H9c2 cells. Prior to the primary experiment, the hypoxic model in H9c2 cells was optimized by evaluating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression and viability in cells exposed to various concentrations of CoCl₂ at different time intervals. Subsequently, an in vitro hypoxia model was established by treating H9c2 cells with CoCl₂ (600 µM), with or without colchicine (1 µM), for 3 hours. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB), interleukin 18 (IL-18), caspase-1, and HIF-1α in pyroptotic cells. Immunofluorescence was used to assess caspase-1 localization and its colocalization with propidium iodide during late-stage pyroptosis. Our data indicated that CoCl₂-induced hypoxia significantly upregulated NF-κB, caspase-1, and IL-18 expression, and increased pyroptotic cell death in H9c2 cells. Colchicine treatment attenuated these effects, leading to a marked reduction in NF-κB, caspase-1, and IL-18 expression in hypoxic cells. Colchicine treatment significantly decreased the number of late pyroptotic cells. The protective effect of colchicine was more pronounced in late hypoxia (24-hour) setting compared to early hypoxia (3-hour). These findings suggest that colchicine attenuates cardiac pyroptosis in hypoxic H9c2 cells, as evidenced by the significant downregulation of key proteins involved in this pathway, including NF-κB, caspase-1, and IL-18. This protective effect appeared to be more effective in late hypoxia.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic arterial disease and the leading cause of vascular death. Paclitaxel has long been recognized as an anticancer agent, but recent studies have shown that paclitaxel can also potentially reduce the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of paclitaxel as an atherosclerosis therapy using in silico study. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of paclitaxel were conducted using SwissADME, ProTox v3.0, and SCFbio websites. Cytoscape software was used to construct a network of protein-protein interactions, and the key proteins involved in paclitaxel-related atherosclerosis were identified, including AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Endothelin 1 (ET1). These key proteins were then subjected to molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation using MOE and Yasara applications. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses revealed that paclitaxel has good distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. However, paclitaxel has shortcomings in absorption, toxicity, and water solubility. According to the results of molecular docking, paclitaxel showed consistent results as the most potential inhibitor of AKT1 (-9.59 kcal/mol), ET1 (-9.16 kcal/mol), JNK (-8.72 kcal/mol) when compared to the control ligands. Molecular dynamics simulations also confirmed the interaction stability between paclitaxel with AKT1, ET1, and JNK, with paclitaxel-AKT1 demonstrating the highest conformational stability (Carbon-α Root Mean Square Deviation <3.0 Å). Even though our in-silico results are promising, more experimental studies are required to confirm the efficacy of paclitaxel as an atherosclerosis therapy.

Each year, there are approximately 12.2 million new stroke cases and 6.5 million stroke-related deaths, with low- and middle-income countries shouldering a disproportionately high financial burden. Studies have associated vitamin D deficiency with arteriosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular dysfunction, contributing to an elevated risk of stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate how vitamin D supplementation affects post-stroke outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, ProQuest, and Epistemonikos from April to May 2024. This study focused on comparing the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation versus no supplementation in stroke patients of all ages. Outcome measures included the Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), Brunnstrom Recovery Stage (BRS), Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Case reports, reviews, and research on other cardiovascular or metabolic issues were excluded. Five authors extracted data and analyzed bias separately using the Risk of Bias Version 2 (RoB V2) algorithms. The results of continuous variables were pooled into the mean difference (MD) along with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effect models. Review Manager 5.4 was used to evaluate the data. Out of the 1,152,449 papers evaluated, six met the inclusion criteria, with a sample size ranging from 42 to 123 patients. Vitamin D supplementation was found to yield better outcomes after stroke. BRS in lower extremities showed better results (MD: 0.59 (95%CI: 0.27-0.91)) and NIHSS improved with an MD of -1.47 (95%CI: -2.03-(-0.90)). Furthermore, there was also an improvement in mRS, with an MD of -0.91 (95%CI: -1.25-(-0.56)). In conclusion, vitamin D improved post-stroke outcomes, which supported its supplementation as a part of stroke rehabilitation.

The L2 protein, a minor capsid component of human papillomavirus (HPV), plays a critical role in the HPV life cycle by packaging the viral genome with the L1 protein and facilitating DNA transport to the nucleus. Identifying genetic variations in the L2 gene is essential for improving vaccine development, diagnostic accuracy, and understanding viral evolution, potentially contributing to more effective HPV vaccines. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation of the L2 gene in cervical cancer specimens collected from patients in Riau Province, Indonesia. A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Riau Province, involving cervical cancer patients with confirmed HPV16 infection between January 2018 and August 2020. Demographic, clinical, and risk factor data were collected through structured interviews and direct assessments. Cervical biopsy specimens were collected, and viral DNA was extracted for L2 gene amplification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing was conducted on PCR products, followed by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification through alignment with the HPV16 reference genome. The amplification and sequencing of the HPV16 L2 gene from 22 cervical cancer specimens revealed 36 SNPs, including 31 nonsynonymous and five synonymous mutations. High-frequency mutations were observed at nucleotide positions 4,074 and 4,177, each detected in 95.45% of the samples. Notable insertions were found at positions 3,668-3,669 and 4,275-4,276, indicating substantial sequence variation. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the sequences into three clusters, with most belonging to sub-lineage A2 (European), while others aligned with A4 (Asian) and East Asian lineages. The observed genetic diversity in the HPV16 L2 gene may reflect regional viral evolution and has potential implications for future vaccine development.

Obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are known contributors to cardiovascular risk through their impact on endothelial function. Healthcare workers, frequently exposed to shift work, are particularly vulnerable to these risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between anthropometric adiposity measures and EDS with endothelial function, measured via flow-mediated dilation (FMD), in healthcare workers. This cross-sectional study included 82 healthcare workers aged 20-50 years without pre-existing cardiovascular conditions. Anthropometric measures such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were collected to assess adiposity. EDS was evaluated using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), with a score ≥10 indicating EDS. Endothelial function was measured via FMD, with values <7.1% indicating dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of endothelial dysfunction, adjusting for confounders such as age and sex. Collinearity diagnostics, including the Belsley-Kuh-Welsch method, were applied to confirm multicollinearity and refine the regression model. Overweight and obesity, high-risk WC, and increased risk WHtR were associated with endothelial dysfunction (p<0.001), with WHtR showing an independent association (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 8.48; 95%CI: 2.58-27.86; p<0.001). EDS also showed a significant independent association with impaired FMD outcomes (AOR: 3.73; 95%CI: 1.23-11.26; p=0.020). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between BMI (r=-0.483, p<0.001), WC (r=-0.473, p<0.001), and WHtR (r=-0.432, p<0.001) with FMD, indicating that higher adiposity levels were linked to poorer endothelial function. Obesity and poor sleep quality, even in the absence of cardiovascular disease, are associated with an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction in healthcare workers. Early intervention focusing on weight management and improving sleep quality could mitigate future cardiovascular risks in this population.

Accurate wound area measurement is essential for effective wound care as it helps determine the progression of healing in patients. The aim of this study was to compare two wound area measurement techniques wound tracing (manual planimetry) and imitoMeasure (smartphone-based digital planimetry) with standard ImageJ-based digital image analysis in a rabbit wound healing study. The study involved 291 wounds categorized into small, intermediate, and large wounds. ImageJ was used as the reference method for comparisons. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed to assess the agreement and reliability between different wound measurement techniques. A mountain plot was used to assess the agreement between measurement methods, and a Bland-Altman plot was used to evaluate the agreement and concordance between measurement methods. The time required for analysis (processing time) was also compared. The study revealed that the imitoMeasure consistently demonstrated a greater level of agreement with ImageJ, especially in small and intermediate wounds. The ICC values indicated substantial agreement between ImageJ and imitoMeasure, with an exceptionally high ICC value for small wounds. Mountain plots revealed that the imitoMeasure had better agreement with ImageJ across all wound sizes. Bland-Altman plots further supported these findings, with wound tracing exhibiting wider limits of agreement and greater variability than imitoMeasure. ImitoMeasure consistently proved to be the quickest method across all wound sizes, whereas wound tracing required the longest processing time. These findings indicate that the imitoMeasure is a more reliable and consistent method for measuring the wound area, in particular for small and intermediate wounds.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by chondrocytes play a crucial role in activating matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), leading to an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in osteoarthritis (OA). Although regular walking exercise has been shown to reduce inflammatory cytokine levels in OA animal models, the optimal exercise intensity remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different intensities of regular walking exercise on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-4 (IL-4)), as well as MMP-13 expression in cartilage and pain thresholds in an OA animal model. A total of 30 adult male Rattus norvegicus (6-8 weeks old) were divided into five groups: (1) healthy control; (2) monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induce OA model; (3) OA with light-intensity walking (OA1); (4) OA with moderate-intensity walking (OA2); (5) and OA with high- intensity walking (OA3). The exercise intervention began one week after MIA injection and continued for six weeks. Pain threshold, inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, TNF-α, IL-4) levels, and MMP-13 expression were measured using an analgesymeter, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in IL-1 and TNF-α levels, along with decreased MMP-13 expression and increased IL-4 levels, in all exercise groups (OA1, OA2, OA3) compared to the untreated OA group. Additionally, pain thresholds improved following exercise. However, no significant differences were observed among the three exercise intensities in terms of cytokine levels, MMP-13 expression, or pain threshold. This study highlights that the light-intensity regular walking exercise effectively reduces inflammation, MMP-13 expression, and pain in OA. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of exercise in OA management.

Hypertension is a global health issue with significant effects on morbidity and mortality, and medication adherence is crucial for effective management. Despite its importance, adherence remains low among hypertensive patients. Health education has been shown to improve medication adherence, though its effectiveness varies across studies. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize evidence on the impact of health education in enhancing medication adherence among hypertensive patients. This study followed preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and employed the population, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) approach to develop keywords for a search across five databases: Emerald, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. All randomized control trials published between 2019 and 2024 in English, evaluating health education's impact on medication adherence in hypertensive patients aged ≥18 years were included. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024532890), and study quality was assessed using the CEBMa scale. Twelve high-quality articles (CEBMa score of ≥7) involving 1,827 participants were included, identifying four key themes in health education for hypertension: an overview of hypertension and complications, medication and side-effect management, healthy lifestyle modification, and medication adherence strategies. Health education significantly improved medication adherence by 33% (risk ratio (RR): 1.33; 95%CI: 1.08-1.64; p=0.008), with a medium-large effect on improving medication adherence (d=0.70; 95%CI: 0.34-1.05; p<0.0001) and a small-medium effect on reducing non-adherence (d=-0.45; 95%CI: -0.66-(-0.24); p<0.0001). Health education delivered 1 to 3 months and with individualized approaches showed better adherence outcomes compared to more than three months and group-based methods. Face-to-face education was more effective than the digital method. In conclusion, health education improves medication adherence in hypertensive patients when delivered comprehensively over 1-3 months through individualized face-to-face sessions. These findings support its integration as a key strategy in hypertension management to enhance adherence.

Tempe, a traditional Indonesian fermented soybean product made with Rhizopus spp., is classified based on fermentation duration into fresh (two days), semangit (five days), and bosok (seven days) varieties, fermented at room temperature (28-30°C). Longer fermentation is believed to enhance its antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolite profiles and hypoglycemic activities of fresh, semangit, and bosok tempe made from germinated and non-germinated soybeans. Diabetic rat models were used to assess the effects of these tempe types on body weight, blood glucose levels, serum insulin, pancreatic β-cell count, and glycogen content in liver and muscle tissues. Metabolomic profiling was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the influence of fermentation stage and germination. Fresh tempe, especially from germinated soybeans, had the highest moisture content. Fermentation duration significantly influenced color, texture, and pH, with bosok tempe showing the most notable changes. Tempe and gliclazide significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic rats in vivo, with semangit and bosok tempe restoring levels close to normal. However, weight loss was not reversed. Bosok non-germinated tempe induced the highest insulin levels among tempe treatments and improved β-cell count and density to levels comparable with gliclazide. Glycogen stores in the liver and muscle were significantly restored by tempe, with bosok non-germinated tempe showing the greatest effect. GC-MS profiling identified 154 metabolites, of which 63 were annotated. Fermentation and germination shifted the metabolite profile, with bosok non-germinated tempe showing the highest diversity, including amino acids, sugars, and amines. PCA separated samples by fermentation stage, highlighting metabolite accumulation with prolonged fermentation. The findings revealed that bosok tempe from non-germinated soybeans had the highest abundance of bioactive metabolites, including isoflavones, which likely contributed to its superior antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential compared to other tempe types.