William D. Carruth, L. Edwards, J. Tingle, Isaac L. Howard
Flowable technologies that make use of hydraulic cements are relied upon in many ways for infrastructure, operations, and contingency activities. The primary objective of this paper is to report full-scale performance findings from testing of rapid-setting flowable fill (RSFF) as an expedient pavement repair technology in hot and cold climates. The scenarios explored were hot climates where RSFF was used as the surface of the repair and directly trafficked by an aircraft simulator load cart and cold climates where RSFF was used as an expedient backfill underneath a rapid-setting concrete (RSC) cap. Twelve expedient pavement repairs were investigated in this study. The data collected showed that RSFF is capable of being used as an expedient repair surface in hot weather and as a high-quality backfill in cold weather. All repairs withstood 112 passes of an aircraft load cart after approximately 2 hours of cure time, thus demonstrating the viability of RSFF as a temporary surface in hot weather conditions and as a backfill material with an RSC cap in cold weather conditions. Aluminum sulfate was tested as an accelerating admixture for cold weather conditions, but it did not perform well. The most efficient manner of using RSFF in cold weather was to heat the mix water.
{"title":"Full-Scale Testing of Flowable Cementitious Materials for Rapid Pavement Repair","authors":"William D. Carruth, L. Edwards, J. Tingle, Isaac L. Howard","doi":"10.1520/ACEM20190150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20190150","url":null,"abstract":"Flowable technologies that make use of hydraulic cements are relied upon in many ways for infrastructure, operations, and contingency activities. The primary objective of this paper is to report full-scale performance findings from testing of rapid-setting flowable fill (RSFF) as an expedient pavement repair technology in hot and cold climates. The scenarios explored were hot climates where RSFF was used as the surface of the repair and directly trafficked by an aircraft simulator load cart and cold climates where RSFF was used as an expedient backfill underneath a rapid-setting concrete (RSC) cap. Twelve expedient pavement repairs were investigated in this study. The data collected showed that RSFF is capable of being used as an expedient repair surface in hot weather and as a high-quality backfill in cold weather. All repairs withstood 112 passes of an aircraft load cart after approximately 2 hours of cure time, thus demonstrating the viability of RSFF as a temporary surface in hot weather conditions and as a backfill material with an RSC cap in cold weather conditions. Aluminum sulfate was tested as an accelerating admixture for cold weather conditions, but it did not perform well. The most efficient manner of using RSFF in cold weather was to heat the mix water.","PeriodicalId":51766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering Materials","volume":"76 1","pages":"20190150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86082969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Reducing the Cementitious Content in Bridge Deck Concrete","authors":"Casey Jones, Caleb Lebow, W. Hale","doi":"10.1520/ACEM20200084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20200084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering Materials","volume":"44 6 1","pages":"20200084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89557932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Sahu, I. S. R. Gandhi, Amit Kumar, Saurav Garg
Currently, foam concrete is commonly used for various construction applications such as partitions, filling grades, road embankment infills, and sound and heat insulation. It is to be noted that the foam production parameters have significant influence on the cellular structure of foam concrete, which governs the material properties of concrete. Hence, in an attempt to improve the foam quality, the present work focuses on evaluation of the suitability of viscosity enhancing agent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in performance improvement of foam produced with surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for use in foam concrete production. Firstly, the influence of the addition of CMC on behavior of foam produced with surfactant SLS was studied by evaluating essential characteristics such as foam density, foam stability, and viscosity of surfactant solution. As a next step, the microstructure of foam and its behavior in cement slurry and mortar at the optimized concentrations of SLS and CMC were studied. Experimental studies revealed that the addition of 0.2 % CMC to 2.5 % SLS surfactant solution resulted in a 134 % increase in viscosity of surfactant solution, which eventually resulted in tremendous improvement in foam quality in terms of 34 % reduction in foam drainage (at the 5th minute after foam generation) and 22 % reduction in larger size foam bubbles (D90). Furthermore, as the air void microstructure of foam concrete is dependent on the foam bubble sizes, the reduction in foam bubble sizes resulted in 20 % enhancement in compressive strength of foam concrete. The addition of CMC is also found to affect the workability of foam concrete mixes, which is evident from the reduction in flow spread and the increase in flow time. Also, as the foam has retarding properties, the increase in foam content is found to increase the demolding time requirement of foam concrete specimens.
{"title":"Evaluation of Suitability of Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Performance Improvement of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Foam and Compressive Strength of Foam Concrete","authors":"S. S. Sahu, I. S. R. Gandhi, Amit Kumar, Saurav Garg","doi":"10.1520/ACEM20200083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20200083","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, foam concrete is commonly used for various construction applications such as partitions, filling grades, road embankment infills, and sound and heat insulation. It is to be noted that the foam production parameters have significant influence on the cellular structure of foam concrete, which governs the material properties of concrete. Hence, in an attempt to improve the foam quality, the present work focuses on evaluation of the suitability of viscosity enhancing agent carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in performance improvement of foam produced with surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) for use in foam concrete production. Firstly, the influence of the addition of CMC on behavior of foam produced with surfactant SLS was studied by evaluating essential characteristics such as foam density, foam stability, and viscosity of surfactant solution. As a next step, the microstructure of foam and its behavior in cement slurry and mortar at the optimized concentrations of SLS and CMC were studied. Experimental studies revealed that the addition of 0.2 % CMC to 2.5 % SLS surfactant solution resulted in a 134 % increase in viscosity of surfactant solution, which eventually resulted in tremendous improvement in foam quality in terms of 34 % reduction in foam drainage (at the 5th minute after foam generation) and 22 % reduction in larger size foam bubbles (D90). Furthermore, as the air void microstructure of foam concrete is dependent on the foam bubble sizes, the reduction in foam bubble sizes resulted in 20 % enhancement in compressive strength of foam concrete. The addition of CMC is also found to affect the workability of foam concrete mixes, which is evident from the reduction in flow spread and the increase in flow time. Also, as the foam has retarding properties, the increase in foam content is found to increase the demolding time requirement of foam concrete specimens.","PeriodicalId":51766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering Materials","volume":"2016 1","pages":"20200083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86383283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to develop models to correlate the different hardened properties of ultra-fine ground granulated blast-furnace slag (UFGGBFS) admixed SCC mixtures. Seven self-compacting concrete mixtures (SCC-A to SCC-G) were produced with a high powder content of 587 ± 2 kg/m3. The 450 kg/m3 (76 %) of powder was derived from the binders, and the remaining 137 ± 2 kg/m3 (24 %) was obtained from the powder particles (<125 µm) existing in the crushed stone sand. UFGGBFS was utilized as a supplementary binder. Properties of these SCC mixtures were evaluated in fresh as well as in the hardened state. The homogeneity, surface hardness, chloride permeability, electrical resistivity, and absorption of hardened SCC were detected with ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), rebound hammer, rapid chloride permeability, Wenner’s four-probe electrical resistivity, and water absorption test methods, respectively. All the seven SCC mixtures demonstrated a nonsegregating flowability and excellent passability without stacking and blocking. At 28, the mix SCC-B recorded a maximum strength of 54 MPa and 4.41 MPa under cube compression and splitting tensile tests, respectively. Moreover, the mix SCC-G demonstrated a 30-MPa compressive strength with a significant cement range of 150 kg/m3. Correlations between the various properties of SCC was also arrived using the experimental results, and it was compared with the existing models.
{"title":"Correlations between the Hardened Properties of Combination Type SCC Containing UFGGBFS","authors":"P. Chandru, J. Karthikeyan, C. Natarajan","doi":"10.1520/ACEM20190233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20190233","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop models to correlate the different hardened properties of ultra-fine ground granulated blast-furnace slag (UFGGBFS) admixed SCC mixtures. Seven self-compacting concrete mixtures (SCC-A to SCC-G) were produced with a high powder content of 587 ± 2 kg/m3. The 450 kg/m3 (76 %) of powder was derived from the binders, and the remaining 137 ± 2 kg/m3 (24 %) was obtained from the powder particles (<125 µm) existing in the crushed stone sand. UFGGBFS was utilized as a supplementary binder. Properties of these SCC mixtures were evaluated in fresh as well as in the hardened state. The homogeneity, surface hardness, chloride permeability, electrical resistivity, and absorption of hardened SCC were detected with ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), rebound hammer, rapid chloride permeability, Wenner’s four-probe electrical resistivity, and water absorption test methods, respectively. All the seven SCC mixtures demonstrated a nonsegregating flowability and excellent passability without stacking and blocking. At 28, the mix SCC-B recorded a maximum strength of 54 MPa and 4.41 MPa under cube compression and splitting tensile tests, respectively. Moreover, the mix SCC-G demonstrated a 30-MPa compressive strength with a significant cement range of 150 kg/m3. Correlations between the various properties of SCC was also arrived using the experimental results, and it was compared with the existing models.","PeriodicalId":51766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering Materials","volume":"18 1","pages":"20190233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76596242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Every construction has a certain efficient lifetime after which it would need to be repaired or demolished for further reconstruction. This would cause a specific range of waste materials, called construction and demolition (C&D) wastes. Because of the large volume of these bulky waste materials, their utilization in construction and geotechnical projects would be an attractive option in order to recycle and mitigate their volume. Gypsum and its derivatives, as a considerable fraction of C&D wastes, are classified as a group of binding agents in soil stabilization and upgrading its durability against environmental conditions. Bassanite is one of the main gypsum derivatives that is produced through heating gypsum powder at certain conditions. The feasibility of using gypseous wastes as a binding agent was studied by adding different amount of bassanite (0, 5, 10, and 20%) and 5% cement and lime to the clayey soil at different curing conditions (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). Next, the samples were subjected to wetting/drying cycles (0, 1, 2, and 3 cycles), and the effect of these factors on unconfined compressive strength and soil durability were assessed. Results showed that by adding bassanite (along with cement and lime), the unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soils was considerably increased from 37 kPa to 603 kPa. Another effective factor on the unconfined compressive strength was the soil specimens’ conditions. The wetting/drying cycles over the stabilized samples caused 15–70% decrease in the unconfined compressive strength (according to the soil specimen and number of wetting/drying cycles). It can be concluded that the utilization of gypseous wastes is a proper method to mitigate the amount of landfilled C&D wastes and reusing these materials not only lowers the landfill costs but also significantly decreases the production costs of the materials used in soil stabilization and improvement.
{"title":"Strength and Durability of Soft Clay Stabilized with Recycled Gypsum (Bassanite)","authors":"Amirhossein Mohammadi, M. Boroomand","doi":"10.1520/ACEM20190154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20190154","url":null,"abstract":"Every construction has a certain efficient lifetime after which it would need to be repaired or demolished for further reconstruction. This would cause a specific range of waste materials, called construction and demolition (C&D) wastes. Because of the large volume of these bulky waste materials, their utilization in construction and geotechnical projects would be an attractive option in order to recycle and mitigate their volume. Gypsum and its derivatives, as a considerable fraction of C&D wastes, are classified as a group of binding agents in soil stabilization and upgrading its durability against environmental conditions. Bassanite is one of the main gypsum derivatives that is produced through heating gypsum powder at certain conditions. The feasibility of using gypseous wastes as a binding agent was studied by adding different amount of bassanite (0, 5, 10, and 20%) and 5% cement and lime to the clayey soil at different curing conditions (0, 7, 14, and 21 days). Next, the samples were subjected to wetting/drying cycles (0, 1, 2, and 3 cycles), and the effect of these factors on unconfined compressive strength and soil durability were assessed. Results showed that by adding bassanite (along with cement and lime), the unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soils was considerably increased from 37 kPa to 603 kPa. Another effective factor on the unconfined compressive strength was the soil specimens’ conditions. The wetting/drying cycles over the stabilized samples caused 15–70% decrease in the unconfined compressive strength (according to the soil specimen and number of wetting/drying cycles). It can be concluded that the utilization of gypseous wastes is a proper method to mitigate the amount of landfilled C&D wastes and reusing these materials not only lowers the landfill costs but also significantly decreases the production costs of the materials used in soil stabilization and improvement.","PeriodicalId":51766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":"20190154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90603701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Aging and Moisture on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Mixture","authors":"Bhaskarjyoti Das, Priyesh Dattatraya Babar, Anjan Kumar Siddagangaiah","doi":"10.1520/ACEM20190211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1520/ACEM20190211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51766,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Civil Engineering Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"20190211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77753283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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