Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.288
Sri Rahayu Rahmat, Mamat Pratama
Avocado is a plant that can thrive in tropical areas such as Indonesia and is one of the types of fruit that is popular with the public, however, avocado seeds have not been used optimally so that they are wasted as waste. Based on phytochemical experiments, avocados also contain phenolics, tannins and flavanoids which have antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are compounds that can be used to counteract free radicals. Dietary fiber and antioxidants are two types of components that are very useful in improving health and being able to prevent various diseases. The extraction method used in this study is reflux where the sample is heated for 6 hours with the solvent used to evaporate at high temperatures, but it will be cooled by the condenser so that the solvent which was in the form of vapor will condense in the condenser and fall again into the reaction vessel so that the solvent will still be there during the reaction. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds using the DPPH method. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL.
牛油果是一种可以在印度尼西亚等热带地区生长的植物，也是深受大众喜爱的水果种类之一，然而，牛油果种子却没有得到最佳利用，以至于被作为废物浪费掉。根据植物化学实验，牛油果还含有具有抗氧化活性的酚类、单宁酸和黄酮类化合物。抗氧化剂是可以用来对抗自由基的化合物。膳食纤维和抗氧化剂是对改善健康和预防各种疾病非常有用的两类成分。本研究采用的萃取方法是回流法，将样品加热 6 小时，所用溶剂在高温下蒸发，但会被冷凝器冷却，这样蒸发的溶剂会在冷凝器中冷凝，然后再次落入反应容器中，这样在反应过程中溶剂仍然存在。本研究旨在用 DPPH 法分析鳄梨种子乙酸乙酯提取物的抗氧化活性。以槲皮素为参照标准，在最大波长为 516 纳米的波长处对鳄梨种子（Persea americana Mill.）的乙酸乙酯提取物进行定量测定。研究结果表明，该值为 903.08 μ/mL。以槲皮素为参考标准，在最大波长 516 纳米处对鳄梨种子（Persea americana Mill.）的乙酸乙酯提取物进行定量测量。研究结果表明，该值为 903.08 μ/mL。以槲皮素为参考标准，在最大波长 516 纳米处对鳄梨种子（Persea americana Mill.）的乙酸乙酯提取物进行定量测量。研究结果表明，该值为 903.08 μ/mL。
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Avocado Seeds (Persea americana Mill.) Using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhdrazyl Method","authors":"Sri Rahayu Rahmat, Mamat Pratama","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.288","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado is a plant that can thrive in tropical areas such as Indonesia and is one of the types of fruit that is popular with the public, however, avocado seeds have not been used optimally so that they are wasted as waste. Based on phytochemical experiments, avocados also contain phenolics, tannins and flavanoids which have antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are compounds that can be used to counteract free radicals. Dietary fiber and antioxidants are two types of components that are very useful in improving health and being able to prevent various diseases. The extraction method used in this study is reflux where the sample is heated for 6 hours with the solvent used to evaporate at high temperatures, but it will be cooled by the condenser so that the solvent which was in the form of vapor will condense in the condenser and fall again into the reaction vessel so that the solvent will still be there during the reaction. This study aims to analyze the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds using the DPPH method. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL. Quantitatively, the ethyl acetate extract of avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) was measured at a maximum wavelength of 516 nm using quercetin as a reference standard. The research results showed that the value was 903.08 μ/mL.","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140395429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Formalin (Formaldehyde) is a chemical compound whose use is prohibited as a preservative in food additives. This study aims to analyze the content of formalin (Formaldehyde) in raw tofu circulating in Sidenreng Rappang district. The test method used was by qualitative analysis using Schiff reagent and KMnO4. The quantitative analysis using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The test results used Schiff reagent and KMnO4, the four tofu samples contained formalin. Test results on the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 555 nm, obtained formalin levels in sample with sample code A = 1.130%, sample code B = 1.826%, sample code C = 1.84%. It can be concluded that in the formaldehyde qualitative analysis test on raw tofu, the three samples positively contained formaldehyde. As well as the results of the measurement of the three positive samples containing formaldehyde using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
福尔马林（甲醛）是一种禁止用作食品添加剂防腐剂的化合物。本研究旨在分析 Sidenreng Rappang 地区流通的生豆腐中的福尔马林（甲醛）含量。测试方法是使用希夫试剂和 KMnO4 进行定性分析。定量分析采用紫外可见分光光度法。使用希夫试剂和 KMnO4 的检测结果显示，四个豆腐样品中都含有福尔马林。测试结果采用紫外可见分光光度法，波长为 555 纳米，得到样品中福尔马林含量分别为样品代码 A =1.130%、样品代码 B =1.826%、样品代码 C =1.84%。由此可以得出结论，在对生豆腐进行的甲醛定性分析测试中，三个样品均肯定含有甲醛。以及使用紫外可见分光光度计测量三个阳性样品中甲醛含量的结果。
{"title":"Identification of Formalin in Raw Tofu from Sidenreng Rappang District Traditional Markets","authors":"Hasrianti Hasrianti, Asriani Suhaenah, Mamat Pratama","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.290","url":null,"abstract":"Formalin (Formaldehyde) is a chemical compound whose use is prohibited as a preservative in food additives. This study aims to analyze the content of formalin (Formaldehyde) in raw tofu circulating in Sidenreng Rappang district. The test method used was by qualitative analysis using Schiff reagent and KMnO4. The quantitative analysis using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The test results used Schiff reagent and KMnO4, the four tofu samples contained formalin. Test results on the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 555 nm, obtained formalin levels in sample with sample code A = 1.130%, sample code B = 1.826%, sample code C = 1.84%. It can be concluded that in the formaldehyde qualitative analysis test on raw tofu, the three samples positively contained formaldehyde. As well as the results of the measurement of the three positive samples containing formaldehyde using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"161 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140284792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pineapple peel contains many compounds, namely flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, steroids, alkaloids and bromelin enzymes. Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous glands. One of the bacteria that causes acne is Propionibacterium acne. Preparations that can be made for anti-acne are gel preparations. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) can be made into an anti-acne gel preparation and to find out at what concentration the ethanol extract of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) in an anti-acne gel preparation can provide inhibitory activity on the development of Propionibacterium acne bacteria. This research method is true experimental by making anti-acne gel preparations of pineapple peel extract (Ananas Comosus L.) with various concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% and testing the activity of the preparation against Propionibacterium acne using the agar well method. The results of the gel preparation formula showed that there were significant differences before and after the cycling test in both organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesion tests. The activity test results obtained were that the largest inhibition zone was the 5% concentration, namely 12.7 mm, which was in the strong category, while the 3% concentration, which was 11.03 mm, and the 2% concentration, which was 8.8 mm, was included in the moderate category.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Activity of Gel Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.) Extract on the Growth of Propionibacterium acnes","authors":"Saparuddin Latu, Imran Firman, Andi Muh. Yaqkin-P, Musliani Musliani","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.286","url":null,"abstract":"Pineapple peel contains many compounds, namely flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, steroids, alkaloids and bromelin enzymes. Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous glands. One of the bacteria that causes acne is Propionibacterium acne. Preparations that can be made for anti-acne are gel preparations. This study aims to determine whether the ethanol extract of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) can be made into an anti-acne gel preparation and to find out at what concentration the ethanol extract of pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.) in an anti-acne gel preparation can provide inhibitory activity on the development of Propionibacterium acne bacteria. This research method is true experimental by making anti-acne gel preparations of pineapple peel extract (Ananas Comosus L.) with various concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% and testing the activity of the preparation against Propionibacterium acne using the agar well method. The results of the gel preparation formula showed that there were significant differences before and after the cycling test in both organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesion tests. The activity test results obtained were that the largest inhibition zone was the 5% concentration, namely 12.7 mm, which was in the strong category, while the 3% concentration, which was 11.03 mm, and the 2% concentration, which was 8.8 mm, was included in the moderate category.","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"51 S258","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140394696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.287
Bella Anggraeni, Aminah Aminah, M. Fawwaz
Exposure to sunlight has a negative effect on the skin. Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from the harmful effects caused by UV radiation. The ability of a sunscreen to protect the skin by delaying erythema is expressed by the value of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The purpose of this study was to analyze the UV protection activity of chayote (Sechium edule) based on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, which was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and calculated using the Mansyur equation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the SPF value of chayote (Sechium edule) extract has UV protection activity. At concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% there is activity as UV protection with SPF values of 7.487; 11.817; and 16,889. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the higher the concentration, the greater the SPF value obtained.UV-Protection Activities of Labu Siam (Sechium edule) Extract Based on Sun Protection Factor (SPF)
{"title":"UV-Protection Activities of Labu Siam (Sechium edule) Extract Based on Sun Protection Factor (SPF)","authors":"Bella Anggraeni, Aminah Aminah, M. Fawwaz","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.287","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to sunlight has a negative effect on the skin. Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from the harmful effects caused by UV radiation. The ability of a sunscreen to protect the skin by delaying erythema is expressed by the value of the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). The purpose of this study was to analyze the UV protection activity of chayote (Sechium edule) based on the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, which was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and calculated using the Mansyur equation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the SPF value of chayote (Sechium edule) extract has UV protection activity. At concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% there is activity as UV protection with SPF values of 7.487; 11.817; and 16,889. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the higher the concentration, the greater the SPF value obtained.UV-Protection Activities of Labu Siam (Sechium edule) Extract Based on Sun Protection Factor (SPF)","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140395958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.285
Marda Marda, T. Naid, Rahmawati Rahmawati
Kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus L.) from the Acanthaceae family is a medicinal plant that has medicinal properties. This research aims to determine and determine the antioxidant activity of the dechlorophyllation ethanol extract of kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus L.) based on the IC50 value with the DPPH method. Kejibeling leaf extract (Strobilanthes crispus L.) extracted by soxhletation method, wherein the extraction process uses two types of solvents of different polarity, to attract chlorophyll compounds and antioxidant compounds, the percent yield of chlorophyll extract is obtained 0.0352% and percent yield of dechlorophyllation ethanol extract 9.604%. Then tested the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that there was antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 106.375 µg/mL, that is, the result shows moderate antioxidant activity, while quercetin as a comparison has very strong antioxidant activity with a value of 1.391 µg/mL.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Dechlorophyllation of Kejibeling Leaf (Strobilanthes crispu L.) Extract Using the Free Radical Reduction Method","authors":"Marda Marda, T. Naid, Rahmawati Rahmawati","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.285","url":null,"abstract":"Kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus L.) from the Acanthaceae family is a medicinal plant that has medicinal properties. This research aims to determine and determine the antioxidant activity of the dechlorophyllation ethanol extract of kejibeling leaves (Strobilanthes crispus L.) based on the IC50 value with the DPPH method. Kejibeling leaf extract (Strobilanthes crispus L.) extracted by soxhletation method, wherein the extraction process uses two types of solvents of different polarity, to attract chlorophyll compounds and antioxidant compounds, the percent yield of chlorophyll extract is obtained 0.0352% and percent yield of dechlorophyllation ethanol extract 9.604%. Then tested the antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that there was antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 106.375 µg/mL, that is, the result shows moderate antioxidant activity, while quercetin as a comparison has very strong antioxidant activity with a value of 1.391 µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"89 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140395529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.283
M. Fawwaz
Molecular imaging, also known as molecular imaging, is a medical technique used to visualize and analyze biological molecules in the human or animal body. According to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging's website, "Molecular Imaging" is a type of medical imaging that provides a detailed picture of what is happening in the body at the molecular and cellular levels. This definition refers to the significant advancements researchers have made over the past two decades in applying the principles of molecular imaging in various areas, from basic and translational science to advanced patient diagnosis and therapy. Essentially, molecular imaging allows us to visualize biochemical processes and target localization patterns that are invisible at the level of anatomical imaging. The goal of molecular imaging is to obtain information about molecular activity and function in living tissue. The technologies commonly used in imaging modulation are Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
{"title":"Modulation Imaging Contrast Agent for Cancer","authors":"M. Fawwaz","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.283","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular imaging, also known as molecular imaging, is a medical technique used to visualize and analyze biological molecules in the human or animal body. According to the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging's website, \"Molecular Imaging\" is a type of medical imaging that provides a detailed picture of what is happening in the body at the molecular and cellular levels. This definition refers to the significant advancements researchers have made over the past two decades in applying the principles of molecular imaging in various areas, from basic and translational science to advanced patient diagnosis and therapy. Essentially, molecular imaging allows us to visualize biochemical processes and target localization patterns that are invisible at the level of anatomical imaging. The goal of molecular imaging is to obtain information about molecular activity and function in living tissue. The technologies commonly used in imaging modulation are Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140284977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qust al hindi (Saussurea lappa) is a plant that has antioxidant activity, especially in the roots. Qust al hindi contains several chemical compounds including flavonoids, steroids, terpenes, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, costunolide, dehydrococtus lactones, cynaropicrin, and chlorogenic acid. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of qust al hindi root using the FRAP method. Samples that had become powder were extracted using the soxhletation method with 96% ethanol and obtained a % rendition of 5.302%. The extract obtained was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 718 nm after being mixed with several FRAP reagents, using a quercetin standard. The results of the antioxidant analysis showed that the average antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the qust al hindi root (Saussurea lappa) using the Frap method was 10.3671 mgQE/g extract. Which means that the antioxidant activity of each g of extract is equivalent to the antioxidant activity of 10.3671 mg of quercetin.
{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract on Qust Al Hindi (Saussurea lappa) Roots Using the FRAP Method","authors":"Dhevy Try Putry, Sukmawati Syarif, Rahmawati Rahmawati","doi":"10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33096/pharmrep.v3i1.289","url":null,"abstract":"Qust al hindi (Saussurea lappa) is a plant that has antioxidant activity, especially in the roots. Qust al hindi contains several chemical compounds including flavonoids, steroids, terpenes, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, costunolide, dehydrococtus lactones, cynaropicrin, and chlorogenic acid. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of qust al hindi root using the FRAP method. Samples that had become powder were extracted using the soxhletation method with 96% ethanol and obtained a % rendition of 5.302%. The extract obtained was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 718 nm after being mixed with several FRAP reagents, using a quercetin standard. The results of the antioxidant analysis showed that the average antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of the qust al hindi root (Saussurea lappa) using the Frap method was 10.3671 mgQE/g extract. Which means that the antioxidant activity of each g of extract is equivalent to the antioxidant activity of 10.3671 mg of quercetin.","PeriodicalId":517671,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Reports","volume":"70 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140395567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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