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The BCG vaccine, advantages, and disadvantages of introducing new generation vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 卡介苗、引入新一代结核分枝杆菌疫苗的利弊。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.184
Marzie Mahdizade Ari, Masoumeh Beig, Mohammad Sholeh, Majid Khoshmirsafa

Tuberculosis (TB) is consistently ranked among the deadliest diseases worldwide, causing millions of deaths annually. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent for this infection. Different antibiotics and vaccines have been discussed as potential treatments and prevention. Currently, there is only one licensed vaccine against TB, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Despite its protective efficacy against TB in children, BCG has failed to protect adults against pulmonary TB, lacks therapeutic value, and can cause complications in immunocompromised individuals. In this review, BCG, the most widely administered vaccine, is discussed, and the newest vaccines available in medicine are discussed. Based on the restrictions that prevent optimal BCG efficacy and the vaccines that are now being tested in various clinical studies, some criteria need to be considered in designing future vaccines.

结核病(TB)一直被列为全球最致命的疾病之一,每年造成数百万人死亡。结核分枝杆菌是这种感染的病原体。人们一直在讨论不同的抗生素和疫苗作为潜在的治疗和预防手段。目前,只有一种获得许可的结核病疫苗,即卡介苗(BCG)。尽管卡介苗对儿童肺结核有保护作用,但对成人肺结核却没有保护作用,缺乏治疗价值,而且会给免疫力低下的人带来并发症。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了卡介苗这种最广泛使用的疫苗,并讨论了医学界现有的最新疫苗。基于阻碍卡介苗发挥最佳疗效的限制因素以及目前正在各种临床研究中进行测试的疫苗,在设计未来疫苗时需要考虑一些标准。
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引用次数: 0
The influence of Omicron on vaccine efficacy and durability: a neurology perspective. 奥米克龙对疫苗疗效和持久性的影响:神经病学的视角。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.175
Jethendra Kumar Muruganantham, Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran

Omicron variants present new challenges when it comes to understanding their impact on vaccines, antiviral strategies, and possible neurological consequences. This article describes the characteristics of the Omicron variant, its epidemiology, the efficacy of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, and its association with lymphoid depletion. We also explore the neurological implications of Omicron, focusing on its association with encephalopathy and encephalitis. There are unique challenges associated with the Omicron variant, which is characterized by distinct mutations and increased transmissibility. For a better understanding of the effects of this disease and developing strategies to combat its spread, especially concerning neurological complications, ongoing research is necessary.

在了解其对疫苗、抗病毒策略和可能的神经系统后果的影响时,奥米克龙变异体提出了新的挑战。本文介绍了奥米克龙变异体的特征、流行病学、疫苗和单克隆抗体的疗效及其与淋巴细胞耗竭的关系。我们还探讨了奥米克龙对神经系统的影响,重点是它与脑病和脑炎的关系。奥米克龙变异型具有独特的突变性和更高的传播性,因此面临着独特的挑战。为了更好地了解这种疾病的影响,并制定遏制其传播的策略,特别是有关神经系统并发症的策略,有必要开展持续研究。
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引用次数: 0
Development and validation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-mouse pertussis immunoglobulin G using international reference anti-Bordetella pertussis mouse serum NIBSC 97/642. 利用国际参考抗百日咳博德特氏菌小鼠血清 NIBSC 97/642 开发和验证抗小鼠百日咳免疫球蛋白 G 的酶联免疫吸附测定法。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.242
Kyu-Ri Kang, Yi-Hyeon Kwon, Gyu-Won Cho, Gi-Sub Choi, Joon-Hwan Ji, Hyun-Mi Kang, Soo-Young Lee, Jin-Han Kang

Purpose: In this study, an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and validated. The titer of ELISA was calculated using the reference line (RFL) method based on the standard curve drawn using the international reference anti-mouse serum NIBSC (National Institute for Biological Standards and Control) 97/642.

Materials and methods: In the development step, signal to noise was depicted to select the buffers that showed the most appropriate ratio. In the validation step, standard range, precision, dilution linearity, and specificity were confirmed, and RFL and parallel line (PLL) methods were compared in precision and dilution linearity.

Results: Coating concentration for plate was achieved at 0.1 µg/mL for pertussis toxin (PT), 0.15 µg/mL for filamentous hemagglutinin antigen (FHA), and 0.25 µg/mL for pertactin (PRN). The signal to noise ratio was 22.02 for PT, 14.93 for FHA, and 8.02 for PRN with 0.25% goat serum in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a dilution buffer, and 2% skim milk in PBS as a blocking buffer. Based on the precision results, we assessed the lower limit of quantification by 1, 0.2, and 1.5 EU/mL concentration for PT, FHA, and PRN which met the ICH (International Council for Harmonization) M10 criteria of a 25% accuracy and total error of 40%. In specificity, homologous serum was spiked into heterologous serum and the accuracy met the criteria. There was no difference in the results between RFL and PLL calculations (p-value=0.3207 for PT, 0.7394 for FHA, 0.2109 for PRN).

Conclusion: ELISA validated with RFL calculation method in this study is a relatively accurate assay for mouse humoral immunogenicity test.

目的:本研究开发并验证了一种内部酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)。酶联免疫吸附测定的滴度是根据使用国际参考抗小鼠血清 NIBSC(美国国家生物标准与控制研究所)97/642绘制的标准曲线,采用参考线(RFL)法计算得出的:在开发阶段,对信噪比进行了描述,以选择显示出最合适比率的缓冲液。在验证步骤中,确认了标准范围、精确度、稀释线性和特异性,并比较了 RFL 和平行线(PLL)方法的精确度和稀释线性:百日咳毒素(PT)的平板涂布浓度为 0.1 微克/毫升,丝状血凝素抗原(FHA)的平板涂布浓度为 0.15 微克/毫升,百日咳素(PRN)的平板涂布浓度为 0.25 微克/毫升。以磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)中的 0.25% 山羊血清为稀释缓冲液,以 PBS 中的 2% 脱脂奶为阻断缓冲液,PT 的信噪比为 22.02,FHA 为 14.93,PRN 为 8.02。根据精确度结果,我们评估了 PT、FHA 和 PRN 的定量下限,浓度分别为 1、0.2 和 1.5 EU/mL,符合 ICH(国际协调委员会)M10 标准,即准确度为 25%,总误差为 40%。在特异性方面,将同源血清添加到异源血清中,准确度符合标准。RFL 和 PLL 的计算结果没有差异(PT 的 p 值=0.3207,FHA 的 p 值=0.7394,PRN 的 p 值=0.2109):本研究中采用 RFL 计算方法验证的 ELISA 是一种相对准确的小鼠体液免疫原性检测方法。
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引用次数: 0
SARS-CoV-2 parental vaccination and risk of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a single-center retrospective study. 父母接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗与儿童患多系统炎症综合征的风险:一项单中心回顾性研究。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.225
Raffaele Falsaperla, Vincenzo Sortino, Ausilia Desiree Collotta, Patrizia Grassi, Marco Simone Vaccalluzzo, Alfredo Pulvirenti, Francesco Gambilonghi, Martino Ruggieri

Purpose: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) usually causes a mild disease in children and the most serious consequence is multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Currently, there are no data about the protective role of vaccination performed by parents on children regarding the development of MIS-C. The aim of our study is to establish whether parental vaccination is related to MIS-C and the protective value of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination performed by parents against the occurrence of MIS-C in their children.

Materials and methods: Our retrospective single center study included 124 patients aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to emergency department from April 2020 to March 2022 for coronavirus disease 2019 disease.

Results: Parental vaccination was negatively correlated with the development of MIS-C: 4% of patients with both parents vaccinated developed MIS-C, while patients with no parent vaccinated to have developed MIS-C were 20%.

Conclusion: Parental vaccination could be an important factor influencing the course of the disease and reduces the probability that a child would develop MIS-C by 83% if both parents vaccinated.

目的:严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)通常会导致儿童轻微发病,最严重的后果是儿童多系统炎症综合征(MIS-C)。目前,还没有数据表明父母为儿童接种疫苗对 MIS-C 的发生有保护作用。我们的研究旨在确定父母接种疫苗是否与 MIS-C 有关,以及父母接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗对其子女发生 MIS-C 的保护作用:我们的回顾性单中心研究纳入了2020年4月至2022年3月期间因冠状病毒病2019年送彩金网站大全急诊科收治的124名1个月至18岁的患者:父母接种疫苗与MIS-C的发生呈负相关:父母均接种疫苗的患者中有4%发生MIS-C,而父母均未接种疫苗的患者中有20%发生MIS-C:结论:父母接种疫苗可能是影响疾病进程的一个重要因素,如果父母双方都接种了疫苗,儿童患 MIS-C 的概率会降低 83%。
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引用次数: 0
Urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination: a case study in an 8-year-old boy. 接种 COVID-19 疫苗后尿失禁:一名 8 岁男孩的病例研究。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.259
Thi Loi Dao, Trung Kien Nguyen, Xuan Bai Nguyen, Kieu Dung Le, Khanh Linh Duong, Duc Manh Bui, Cam Anh Nguyen Le, Van Thuan Hoang

There have been many studies on the adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines but the urinary incontinence after COVID-19 vaccination is rare. Here, we report an 8-year-old boy presented to outpatient department, Thai Binh University of Medicine Hospital, Thai Binh, Vietnam with complaints of urinary incontinence for the past 2 weeks, following the first dose of the messenger RNA vaccine. He had no other abnormalities in clinical and laboratory exams. This clinical situation suggested vaccine side effects. No specific treatment was administered upon diagnosis without toilet and bladder training. Subsequent monitoring revealed a gradual reduction in symptoms over 2 months, with complete recovery achieved at the 14th week from the onset of symptoms, without necessitating any medical intervention. This case highlights the need for thorough evaluation and assessment of potential adverse effects following vaccination, including uncommon presentations.

关于 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗不良反应的研究很多,但接种 COVID-19 疫苗后出现尿失禁的情况却很少见。在此,我们报告了一名 8 岁男孩在接种第一剂信使 RNA 疫苗后,因过去 2 周出现尿失禁而到越南太平省太平医科大学附属医院门诊部就诊。他的临床和实验室检查均无其他异常。这种临床症状表明疫苗存在副作用。确诊后没有采取任何具体治疗措施,也没有进行如厕和膀胱训练。随后的监测显示,症状在两个月内逐渐减轻,在症状出现后的第 14 周完全恢复,无需任何医疗干预。本病例强调了对接种疫苗后可能出现的不良反应(包括不常见的表现)进行彻底评估和评价的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Immunogenicity of a novel inactivated canine adenovirus type 2 variant vaccine for dogs. 新型犬腺病毒 2 型变异灭活疫苗的免疫原性。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.253
Dong-Kun Yang, Sangjin Ahn, Hye Jeong Lee, Minuk Kim, Jong-Taek Kim, Ju-Yeon Lee, Yun Sang Cho

Purpose: The immunogenicity of vaccines containing the canine adenovirus (CAdV) type 2 (CAdV-2) variant has not yet been reported. We prepared a novel inactivated CAdV-2 variant vaccine using the CAV2232-41 strain, and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs.

Materials and methods: The growth kinetics of CAV2232-41 were determined using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The nucleotide sequences of CAV2232 and CAV2232-41 were determined by next-generation sequencing. To generate the CAdV-2 variant vaccine, CAV2232-41 propagated in the MDCK cells was inactivated with 0.1% formaldehyde. Two vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated CAV2232-41 with Cabopol and Rehydragel adjuvants. Safety and immunogenicity of the CAV2232C and CAV2232R vaccines were evaluated in guinea pigs. Safety and immunogenicity of the CAV2232C vaccine were also evaluated in raccoon dogs. The virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titer against CAV2232-41 was measured in sera collected from immunized guinea pigs and raccoon dogs.

Results: CAV2232-41 showed the highest viral titer on days 4-6 post-inoculation and had a deletion in the E3 gene, which was confirmed as a CAdV-2 variant. Guinea pigs inoculated with CAV2232C showed slightly higher VNA titers than those inoculated with CAV2232R 2 weeks after booster vaccination. Raccoon dogs immunized with the CAV2232C vaccine developed high mean VNA titers, while non-vaccinated raccoon dogs were antibody-negative.

Conclusion: The CAV2232C vaccine is safe and induces a protective VNA titer in raccoon dogs.

目的:含有犬腺病毒(CAdV)2型(CAdV-2)变异株的疫苗的免疫原性尚未见报道。我们使用 CAV2232-41 株制备了一种新型 CAdV-2 变体灭活疫苗,并评估了其在浣熊犬中的安全性和免疫原性:使用Madin-Darby犬肾(MDCK)细胞测定了CAV2232-41的生长动力学。通过新一代测序确定了 CAV2232 和 CAV2232-41 的核苷酸序列。为了产生CAdV-2变体疫苗,在MDCK细胞中繁殖的CAV2232-41用0.1%甲醛灭活。将灭活的CAV2232-41与Cabopol和Rehydragel佐剂混合,制备出两种疫苗。在豚鼠身上评估了 CAV2232C 和 CAV2232R 疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。还在浣熊犬身上评估了 CAV2232C 疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。从免疫豚鼠和浣熊犬采集的血清中测定了针对 CAV2232-41 的病毒中和抗体 (VNA) 滴度:结果:CAV2232-41在接种后第4-6天的病毒滴度最高,其E3基因有缺失,被确认为CAdV-2变种。接种 CAV2232C 的豚鼠在加强免疫 2 周后的 VNA 滴度略高于接种 CAV2232R 的豚鼠。接种 CAV2232C 疫苗的浣熊犬平均 VNA 滴度较高,而未接种疫苗的浣熊犬抗体阴性:结论:CAV2232C 疫苗是安全的,可诱导浣熊犬产生保护性 VNA 滴度。
{"title":"Immunogenicity of a novel inactivated canine adenovirus type 2 variant vaccine for dogs.","authors":"Dong-Kun Yang, Sangjin Ahn, Hye Jeong Lee, Minuk Kim, Jong-Taek Kim, Ju-Yeon Lee, Yun Sang Cho","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.253","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The immunogenicity of vaccines containing the canine adenovirus (CAdV) type 2 (CAdV-2) variant has not yet been reported. We prepared a novel inactivated CAdV-2 variant vaccine using the CAV2232-41 strain, and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The growth kinetics of CAV2232-41 were determined using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. The nucleotide sequences of CAV2232 and CAV2232-41 were determined by next-generation sequencing. To generate the CAdV-2 variant vaccine, CAV2232-41 propagated in the MDCK cells was inactivated with 0.1% formaldehyde. Two vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated CAV2232-41 with Cabopol and Rehydragel adjuvants. Safety and immunogenicity of the CAV2232C and CAV2232R vaccines were evaluated in guinea pigs. Safety and immunogenicity of the CAV2232C vaccine were also evaluated in raccoon dogs. The virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titer against CAV2232-41 was measured in sera collected from immunized guinea pigs and raccoon dogs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAV2232-41 showed the highest viral titer on days 4-6 post-inoculation and had a deletion in the E3 gene, which was confirmed as a CAdV-2 variant. Guinea pigs inoculated with CAV2232C showed slightly higher VNA titers than those inoculated with CAV2232R 2 weeks after booster vaccination. Raccoon dogs immunized with the CAV2232C vaccine developed high mean VNA titers, while non-vaccinated raccoon dogs were antibody-negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CAV2232C vaccine is safe and induces a protective VNA titer in raccoon dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into structural vaccinology harnessed for universal coronavirus vaccine development. 利用结构疫苗学的洞察力开发通用冠状病毒疫苗。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.202
Chin Peng Lim, Chiuan Herng Leow, Hui Ting Lim, Boon Hui Kok, Candy Chuah, Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira, Malcolm Jones, Chiuan Yee Leow

Structural vaccinology is pivotal in expediting vaccine design through high-throughput screening of immunogenic antigens. Leveraging the structural and functional characteristics of antigens and immune cell receptors, this approach employs protein structural comparison to identify conserved patterns in key pathogenic components. Molecular modeling techniques, including homology modeling and molecular docking, analyze specific three-dimensional (3D) structures and protein interactions and offer valuable insights into the 3D interactions and binding affinity between vaccine candidates and target proteins. In this review, we delve into the utilization of various immunoinformatics and molecular modeling tools to streamline the development of broad-protective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 variants. Structural vaccinology significantly enhances our understanding of molecular interactions between hosts and pathogens. By accelerating the pace of developing effective and targeted vaccines, particularly against the rapidly mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other prevalent infectious diseases, this approach stands at the forefront of advancing immunization strategies. The combination of computational techniques and structural insights not only facilitates the identification of potential vaccine candidates but also contributes to the rational design of vaccines, fostering a more efficient and targeted approach to combatting infectious diseases.

通过高通量筛选免疫原性抗原,结构疫苗学在加快疫苗设计方面发挥着关键作用。这种方法利用抗原和免疫细胞受体的结构和功能特征,通过蛋白质结构比较来确定关键致病成分的保守模式。分子建模技术,包括同源建模和分子对接,可分析特定的三维(3D)结构和蛋白质相互作用,为候选疫苗和靶蛋白之间的三维相互作用和结合亲和力提供宝贵的见解。在本综述中,我们将深入探讨如何利用各种免疫信息学和分子建模工具来简化2019年冠状病毒疾病变种的广谱保护性疫苗的开发。结构疫苗学极大地增强了我们对宿主与病原体之间分子相互作用的理解。通过加快开发有效和有针对性疫苗的步伐,特别是针对快速变异的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 和其他流行传染病的疫苗,这种方法站在了推进免疫战略的最前沿。计算技术与结构洞察力的结合不仅有助于确定潜在的候选疫苗,还有助于疫苗的合理设计,从而促进采用更高效、更有针对性的方法来防治传染病。
{"title":"Insights into structural vaccinology harnessed for universal coronavirus vaccine development.","authors":"Chin Peng Lim, Chiuan Herng Leow, Hui Ting Lim, Boon Hui Kok, Candy Chuah, Jonas Ivan Nobre Oliveira, Malcolm Jones, Chiuan Yee Leow","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.202","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Structural vaccinology is pivotal in expediting vaccine design through high-throughput screening of immunogenic antigens. Leveraging the structural and functional characteristics of antigens and immune cell receptors, this approach employs protein structural comparison to identify conserved patterns in key pathogenic components. Molecular modeling techniques, including homology modeling and molecular docking, analyze specific three-dimensional (3D) structures and protein interactions and offer valuable insights into the 3D interactions and binding affinity between vaccine candidates and target proteins. In this review, we delve into the utilization of various immunoinformatics and molecular modeling tools to streamline the development of broad-protective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 variants. Structural vaccinology significantly enhances our understanding of molecular interactions between hosts and pathogens. By accelerating the pace of developing effective and targeted vaccines, particularly against the rapidly mutating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other prevalent infectious diseases, this approach stands at the forefront of advancing immunization strategies. The combination of computational techniques and structural insights not only facilitates the identification of potential vaccine candidates but also contributes to the rational design of vaccines, fostering a more efficient and targeted approach to combatting infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intranasal and intraperitoneal immunization against Brucella infection using niosome and mannosylated niosomes containing Brucella recombinant trigger factor/Bp26/Omp31 chimeric protein in a mouse model. 在小鼠模型中使用含有布鲁氏菌重组触发因子/Bp26/Omp31嵌合蛋白的niosome和甘露糖化niosome进行鼻内和腹膜内免疫以预防布鲁氏菌感染。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.232
Fahimeh Sharif, Razieh Nazari, Mahdi Fasihi-Ramandi, Ramezan Ali Taheri, Mohsen Zargar

Purpose: Brucellosis, a zoonotic infectious disease, is a worldwide health issue affecting animals and humans. No effective human vaccine and the complications caused by the use of animal vaccines are among the factors that have prevented the eradication of the disease worldwide. However, bio-engineering technologies have paved the way for designing new targeted and highly efficacious vaccines. In this regard, the study aimed to evaluate immunity induced by mannosylated niosome containing Brucella recombinant trigger factor/Bp26/Omp31 (rTBO) chimeric protein in a mouse model.

Materials and methods: rTBO as chimeric antigen (Ag) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and, after purification, loaded on niosome and mannosylated niosome. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were assessed. The mice were immunized using rTBO, niosome, and mannosylated niosome-rTBO in intranasal and intraperitoneal routes. Serum antibodies (immunoglobulin [Ig]A, IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and splenocyte cytokines (interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-4, and IL-12) were evaluated in immunized mice. Finally, immunized mice were challenged by B. melitensis and B. abortus. A high antibody level was produced by niosomal antigen (Nio-Ag) and mannosylated noisomal antigen (Nio-Man-Ag) compared to the control after 10, 24, and 38 days of immunization. The IgG2a/IgG1 titer ratio for Nio-Man-Ag was 1.2 and 1.1 in intraperitoneal and intranasal methods and lower than one in free Ag and Nio-Ag. Cytokine production was significantly higher in the immunized animal with Ag-loaded nanoparticles than in the negative control group (p<0.05). Moreover, cytokine and antibody levels were significantly higher in the injection than in the inhalation method (p<0.05).

Results: The combination of mannosylated noisome and rTBO chimeric proteins stimulate the cellular and humoral immune response and produce cytokines, playing a role in developing the protective acquired immune response in the Brucella infectious model. Also, the intraperitoneal route resulted in a successful enhancement of cytokines production more than intranasal administration.

Conclusion: Designing an effective vaccine candidate against Brucella that selectively induces cellular and humoral immune response can be done by selecting a suitable nanoniosome formulation as an immunoadjuvant and recombinant protein as an immune response-stimulating Ag.

目的:布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患病,是影响动物和人类健康的世界性问题。没有有效的人类疫苗以及使用动物疫苗引起的并发症是阻碍在全球根除该疾病的因素之一。然而,生物工程技术已为设计新型靶向高效疫苗铺平了道路。材料与方法:rTBO 作为嵌合抗原(Ag)在大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)中表达,纯化后载入甘露糖苷化的 niosome。对纳米颗粒的特性进行了评估。使用 rTBO、niosome 和甘露糖化 niosome-rTBO 通过鼻内和腹腔途径对小鼠进行免疫。对免疫小鼠的血清抗体(免疫球蛋白 [Ig]A、IgG、IgG1 和 IgG2a)和脾细胞细胞因子(γ 干扰素、白细胞介素 [IL]-4 和 IL-12)进行了评估。最后,免疫小鼠接受了梅毒杆菌和鲍曼不动杆菌的挑战。与对照组相比,免疫 10、24 和 38 天后,niosomal 抗原(Nio-Ag)和甘露糖化niosomal 抗原(Nio-Man-Ag)产生的抗体水平较高。腹腔注射和鼻内注射Nio-Man-Ag的IgG2a/IgG1滴度比分别为1.2和1.1,而游离Ag和Nio-Ag的IgG2a/IgG1滴度比低于1。与阴性对照组相比,Ag-负载纳米颗粒免疫动物的细胞因子产生量明显较高(pResults:甘露糖基化的noisome和rTBO嵌合蛋白可刺激细胞和体液免疫反应,并产生细胞因子,在布鲁氏菌感染模型中发挥保护性获得性免疫反应的作用。此外,腹腔注射比鼻内注射更能成功提高细胞因子的产生:结论:选择合适的纳米生物体制剂作为免疫佐剂,重组蛋白作为免疫反应刺激剂,可以设计出有效的布鲁氏菌候选疫苗,选择性地诱导细胞和体液免疫反应。
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引用次数: 0
Incidence of narcolepsy symptoms after taking COVID-19 vaccines: a Jordanian cross-sectional study. 接种 COVID-19 疫苗后嗜睡症状的发生率:一项约旦横断面研究。
IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.218
Mohammad Al Katatbeh, Yazan Al-Mashakbeh, Hadeel Freihat, Hiba Gharam, Rahmeh Mohammad, Rahma Aldalki, Sadeen Eid, Reema Sharman, Nizar Heissat, Ghusoon Al-Samarraie, Ahmad Al-Shaibie, Laith Khasawneh

Purpose: Sleeping disorders were reported in many patients who took vaccines during previous pandemics. We aim to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the incidence of narcolepsy symptoms in the Jordanian population.

Materials and methods: We used a descriptive, cross-sectional, online self-administered survey conducted between December 2022 and May 2023. The survey targeted males and females above the age of 18 years who took any type of COVID-19 vaccine, had no chronic diseases, and had no sleep disorders prior to taking the vaccine. The survey was distributed via social media platforms.

Results: A total of 873 participants were included in this study, consisting of 44.4% males and 55.6% females, with the majority being in the 18-29 age group. Most participants (79.8%) received two vaccine doses, with the Pfizer vaccine being the most common. Nearly half of the participants reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were reported by a notable proportion of participants, but no significant differences were found among the vaccine types. Sleep attacks and fragmented nighttime sleep were associated with the number of vaccine doses received, suggesting a possible influence of the dose count on these symptoms. The presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations showed no significant association with the number of doses taken.

Conclusion: We hypothesize a possible link between COVID-19 vaccination and the emergence of narcolepsy symptoms in Jordanian individuals. Additional investigations and continuous monitoring to determine the extent of the risk and uncover potential mechanisms behind this connection should be performed.

目的:据报道,在以前的大流行病期间,许多接种过疫苗的患者都出现了睡眠障碍。我们旨在调查约旦人口中2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫苗与嗜睡症状发生率之间的关系:我们在 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 5 月期间开展了一项描述性、横断面、在线自填式调查。调查对象为 18 岁以上、接种过任何类型 COVID-19 疫苗、无慢性疾病、接种前无睡眠障碍的男性和女性。调查通过社交媒体平台发布:共有 873 名参与者参与了这项研究,其中男性占 44.4%,女性占 55.6%,大多数人的年龄在 18-29 岁之间。大多数参与者(79.8%)接种了两剂疫苗,其中最常见的是辉瑞疫苗。近一半的参与者表示白天过度嗜睡。有相当一部分参与者报告了睡眠瘫痪和幻觉,但不同类型疫苗之间没有发现明显差异。睡眠发作和夜间睡眠不完整与接种疫苗的剂量有关,这表明剂量对这些症状可能有影响。白天过度嗜睡、肌肉突然失去张力、睡眠麻痹和催眠幻觉的出现与接种疫苗的剂量没有明显关系:我们推测约旦人接种 COVID-19 疫苗与出现嗜睡症状之间可能存在联系。应开展更多调查和持续监测,以确定风险程度并揭示这种联系背后的潜在机制。
{"title":"Incidence of narcolepsy symptoms after taking COVID-19 vaccines: a Jordanian cross-sectional study.","authors":"Mohammad Al Katatbeh, Yazan Al-Mashakbeh, Hadeel Freihat, Hiba Gharam, Rahmeh Mohammad, Rahma Aldalki, Sadeen Eid, Reema Sharman, Nizar Heissat, Ghusoon Al-Samarraie, Ahmad Al-Shaibie, Laith Khasawneh","doi":"10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.218","DOIUrl":"10.7774/cevr.2024.13.3.218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sleeping disorders were reported in many patients who took vaccines during previous pandemics. We aim to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the incidence of narcolepsy symptoms in the Jordanian population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used a descriptive, cross-sectional, online self-administered survey conducted between December 2022 and May 2023. The survey targeted males and females above the age of 18 years who took any type of COVID-19 vaccine, had no chronic diseases, and had no sleep disorders prior to taking the vaccine. The survey was distributed via social media platforms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 873 participants were included in this study, consisting of 44.4% males and 55.6% females, with the majority being in the 18-29 age group. Most participants (79.8%) received two vaccine doses, with the Pfizer vaccine being the most common. Nearly half of the participants reported excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucinations were reported by a notable proportion of participants, but no significant differences were found among the vaccine types. Sleep attacks and fragmented nighttime sleep were associated with the number of vaccine doses received, suggesting a possible influence of the dose count on these symptoms. The presence of excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations showed no significant association with the number of doses taken.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We hypothesize a possible link between COVID-19 vaccination and the emergence of narcolepsy symptoms in Jordanian individuals. Additional investigations and continuous monitoring to determine the extent of the risk and uncover potential mechanisms behind this connection should be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51768,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inferring B-cell derived T-cell receptor induced multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate against enterovirus 71: a reverse vaccinology approach. 推断 B 细胞衍生 T 细胞受体诱导的多表位肠道病毒 71 型候选疫苗:一种反向疫苗学方法。
IF 2.7 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.2.132
Subrat Kumar Swain, Subhasmita Panda, Basanta Pravas Sahu, Soumya Ranjan Mahapatra, Jyotirmayee Dey, Rachita Sarangi, Namrata Misra

Purpose: Enterovirus 71, a pathogen that causes hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is currently regarded as an increasing neurotropic virus in Asia and can cause severe complications in pediatric patients with blister-like sores or rashes on the hand, feet, and mouth. Notwithstanding the significant burden of the disease, no authorized vaccine is available. Previously identified attenuated and inactivated vaccines are worthless over time owing to changes in the viral genome.

Materials and methods: A novel vaccine construct using B-cell derived T-cell epitopes from the virulent polyprotein found the induction of possible immune response. In order to boost the immune system, a beta-defensin 1 preproprotein adjuvant with EAAAK linker was added at the N-terminal end of the vaccine sequence.

Results: The immunogenicity of the designed, refined, and verified prospective three-dimensional-structure of the multi-epitope vaccine was found to be quite high, exhibiting non-allergenic and antigenic properties. The vaccine candidates bound to toll-like receptor 3 in a molecular docking analysis, and the efficacy of the potential vaccine to generate a strong immune response was assessed through in silico immunological simulation.

Conclusion: Computational analysis has shown that the proposed multi-epitope vaccine is possibly safe for use in humans and can elicit an immune response.

目的:肠道病毒 71 是一种导致手足口病(HFMD)的病原体,目前在亚洲被认为是一种日益严重的神经性病毒,可导致儿童患者出现严重并发症,手、足和口腔出现水疱样溃疡或皮疹。尽管手足口病的发病率很高,但目前还没有获得授权的疫苗。由于病毒基因组的变化,以前确定的减毒疫苗和灭活疫苗随着时间的推移已失去价值:材料和方法:一种新型疫苗结构使用了来自毒性多聚蛋白的 B 细胞衍生 T 细胞表位,可诱导可能的免疫反应。为了增强免疫系统,在疫苗序列的 N 端添加了带有 EAAAK 连接器的 beta-defensin 1 前蛋白佐剂:结果:经设计、改进和验证的多表位前瞻性三维结构疫苗具有很高的免疫原性,表现出非过敏性和抗原性。在分子对接分析中,候选疫苗与收费样受体 3 结合,并通过硅学免疫模拟评估了潜在疫苗产生强烈免疫反应的功效:结论:计算分析表明,拟议的多表位疫苗可安全用于人类,并能引起免疫反应。
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Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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