A. Beletić, Ivana Duvnjak Orešković, Tea Pribić, Jasminka Krištić, G. Lauc
Glycosylation is an enzymatic process of attaching carbohydrate chains, glycans, to bi-omolecules, thereby influencing their biological features. Understanding the glycosyla-tion patterns and mechanisms in bovines (Bos taurus) has the potential to bring im-provements in various fields, aspects such as reproduction, herd health management, and the quality and safety of milk and meat products. The article, starting with a glimpse into glycobiology, will continue with overviewing the previous 5-year achievements of glycosylation in bovines, collated during a recent PubMed search. Hereafter, more details about the four studies will follow as the selected examples and go along with the concluding remarks and general future research directions. Keywords: data mining, glycosylation, bovines
{"title":"Glycosylation Research in Bovines-the Significance and Recent Updates","authors":"A. Beletić, Ivana Duvnjak Orešković, Tea Pribić, Jasminka Krištić, G. Lauc","doi":"10.55295/psl.2024.i10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.i10","url":null,"abstract":"Glycosylation is an enzymatic process of attaching carbohydrate chains, glycans, to bi-omolecules, thereby influencing their biological features. Understanding the glycosyla-tion patterns and mechanisms in bovines (Bos taurus) has the potential to bring im-provements in various fields, aspects such as reproduction, herd health management, and the quality and safety of milk and meat products. The article, starting with a glimpse into glycobiology, will continue with overviewing the previous 5-year achievements of glycosylation in bovines, collated during a recent PubMed search. Hereafter, more details about the four studies will follow as the selected examples and go along with the concluding remarks and general future research directions. Keywords: data mining, glycosylation, bovines","PeriodicalId":517759,"journal":{"name":"Socratic lectures 10 - Part I","volume":"5 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: A great deal of research in polymer gears has gained importance in the last decade. It is necessary to highlight the different polymer materials and fibers used for gears to meet the requirements of a particular drivetrain application. With the increasing need to recycle already used materials, there are trends towards the use of BIO-based materials that would allow recycling and reuse in secondary, less demanding parts or assemblies. To integrate these materials into a real mechanical part such as a gearbox, their mechanical, thermal, and tribological operational performances must be evaluated. In this study, life tests of wood-polymer composite gears were performed using High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with 20% spruce fibers and the same polymer matrix reinforced with 20% beech fibers. The wood-polymer composite gear was tested with a mating steel pinion. The study aimed to determine the life cycles to failure of wood-polymer composite gears, the temperatures generated in the gear pair contact, and the flank wear characteristics of both types of wood composite gears. The results show that HDPE with beech fibers lasts on average 15% longer compared to HDPE with spruce wood fibers. When analyzing the flank wear, the beech fibers proved to be more wear-resistant than the spruce fibers in the same polymer matrix. The analysis of the failure mechanisms shows that the crack propagation at the tooth root is slower in HDPE reinforced with beech fibers compared to HDPE with spruce fibers due to the better mechanical properties. Keywords: High-density polyethylene; Wood; Fibers; Gears; Fatigue; Wear
{"title":"Design Optimization and Fatigue Evaluation of Wood Composite Gears","authors":"Matija Hribešek, S. Kulovec","doi":"10.55295/psl.2024.i20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.i20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A great deal of research in polymer gears has gained importance in the last decade. It is necessary to highlight the different polymer materials and fibers used for gears to meet the requirements of a particular drivetrain application. With the increasing need to recycle already used materials, there are trends towards the use of BIO-based materials that would allow recycling and reuse in secondary, less demanding parts or assemblies. To integrate these materials into a real mechanical part such as a gearbox, their mechanical, thermal, and tribological operational performances must be evaluated. In this study, life tests of wood-polymer composite gears were performed using High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with 20% spruce fibers and the same polymer matrix reinforced with 20% beech fibers. The wood-polymer composite gear was tested with a mating steel pinion. The study aimed to determine the life cycles to failure of wood-polymer composite gears, the temperatures generated in the gear pair contact, and the flank wear characteristics of both types of wood composite gears. The results show that HDPE with beech fibers lasts on average 15% longer compared to HDPE with spruce wood fibers. When analyzing the flank wear, the beech fibers proved to be more wear-resistant than the spruce fibers in the same polymer matrix. The analysis of the failure mechanisms shows that the crack propagation at the tooth root is slower in HDPE reinforced with beech fibers compared to HDPE with spruce fibers due to the better mechanical properties. Keywords: High-density polyethylene; Wood; Fibers; Gears; Fatigue; Wear","PeriodicalId":517759,"journal":{"name":"Socratic lectures 10 - Part I","volume":"32 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Hip arthrosis is a medical condition that is more commonly present in elderly people that is nowadays also becoming a healthcare burden among the younger, active popu-lation. Arthrosis is a process during which cartilage, normally present as a protective factor of the hip joint, gradually wears away, becoming frayed and rough. This results in limited protective joint space, which leads to increased friction and rubbing between hip joint components; acetabulum and femoral bone. Due to arthrosis, patients experi-ence daily pain, limited movements and decreased quality of life. Primary treatment of osteoarthritis includes informing patients of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, in-cluding physical activity. As non-surgical alternatives to treating osteoarthritis, ortho-paedic surgeons may relieve their patients’ symptoms with pharmacological interven-tions (paracetamol and NSAIDs) and in selected cases intraarticular infiltrations. When all this is no longer effective, surgical relief of pain is recommended, including less invasive procedures, such as hip arthroscopy, hip biopsy, or simple core decom-pression (CD), or the most invasive, but effective hip replacement surgery - total hip arthroplasty (THA). The latter is a procedure during which diseased and necrotic tissue from the hip joint is removed and replaced with artificial materials, the hip endopros-thesis. The aim of this procedure is to reduce pain and improve patient's mobility and quality of life. Keywords: hip osteoarthritis, hip arthrosis, hip endoprosthesis, surgery, quality of life.
{"title":"From Hip Arthrosis to Hip Replacement Surgery – Total Hip Endoprosthesis","authors":"Ema Kocjančič, Boštjan Kocjančič","doi":"10.55295/psl.2024.i2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.i2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Hip arthrosis is a medical condition that is more commonly present in elderly people that is nowadays also becoming a healthcare burden among the younger, active popu-lation. Arthrosis is a process during which cartilage, normally present as a protective factor of the hip joint, gradually wears away, becoming frayed and rough. This results in limited protective joint space, which leads to increased friction and rubbing between hip joint components; acetabulum and femoral bone. Due to arthrosis, patients experi-ence daily pain, limited movements and decreased quality of life. Primary treatment of osteoarthritis includes informing patients of the importance of a healthy lifestyle, in-cluding physical activity. As non-surgical alternatives to treating osteoarthritis, ortho-paedic surgeons may relieve their patients’ symptoms with pharmacological interven-tions (paracetamol and NSAIDs) and in selected cases intraarticular infiltrations. When all this is no longer effective, surgical relief of pain is recommended, including less invasive procedures, such as hip arthroscopy, hip biopsy, or simple core decom-pression (CD), or the most invasive, but effective hip replacement surgery - total hip arthroplasty (THA). The latter is a procedure during which diseased and necrotic tissue from the hip joint is removed and replaced with artificial materials, the hip endopros-thesis. The aim of this procedure is to reduce pain and improve patient's mobility and quality of life. Keywords: hip osteoarthritis, hip arthrosis, hip endoprosthesis, surgery, quality of life.","PeriodicalId":517759,"journal":{"name":"Socratic lectures 10 - Part I","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140285633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an attritional and degenerative process. Pain results from resisted gliding of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the fibro osseus canal. This review aims to evaluate the current literature surrounding evidence on physiotherapy approach for treating De Quervain's tenosyn-ovitis during and after pregnancy. One third of pregnant females are suffering from the pain in their wrist. Pain in the wrist is the third most common musculoskeletal pain during pregnancy after low back pain. Fluid retention, oedema, and repetitive forceful hand movements may cause stenosing tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist tendons. An overweight mother with her first pregnancy is at highest risk for developing De Quer-vain’s tenosynovitis. Treatment is aimed at reducing inflammation, preserving move-ment in the thumb and preventing reoccurrence. The symptoms should improve within four to six weeks. If non-invasive treatment is not successful, corticosteroid injections can be applied. De Quervain’s tenosynovitis has a good prognosis and non-surgical treatments are usually effective for pregnancy-related hand and wrist problems. Keywords: de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, pregnancy, post-partum, wrist pain, Finkel-stein test
摘要：杜克温腱鞘炎是一种损耗性和退行性过程。由于内收肌腱和外展肌腱在纤维骨管中的滑动受到阻力而导致疼痛。本综述旨在评估当前有关治疗妊娠期和妊娠后德尔-克尔万腱鞘炎物理疗法证据的文献。三分之一的孕妇都有腕部疼痛的困扰。腕部疼痛是孕期仅次于腰背痛的第三大常见肌肉骨骼疼痛。体液潴留、水肿和反复用力的手部运动可能会引起手部和手腕肌腱的狭窄性腱鞘炎。初次怀孕的超重母亲患 De Quer-vain 腱鞘炎的风险最高。治疗的目的是减轻炎症、保护拇指的活动能力和防止复发。症状应在四到六周内得到改善。如果非侵入性治疗无效，可以注射皮质类固醇。德-夸尔曼氏腱鞘炎的预后良好，非手术疗法通常能有效治疗与妊娠有关的手部和腕部问题。关键词： 德-克氏腱鞘炎；妊娠；产后；腕关节疼痛；芬克尔-斯坦因试验
{"title":"Physiotherapy Approach for De Quervain Tenosynovitis During and After Pregnancy","authors":"Maša Štuhec, Renata Vauhnik","doi":"10.55295/psl.2024.i7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55295/psl.2024.i7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: De Quervain’s tenosynovitis is an attritional and degenerative process. Pain results from resisted gliding of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis tendons in the fibro osseus canal. This review aims to evaluate the current literature surrounding evidence on physiotherapy approach for treating De Quervain's tenosyn-ovitis during and after pregnancy. One third of pregnant females are suffering from the pain in their wrist. Pain in the wrist is the third most common musculoskeletal pain during pregnancy after low back pain. Fluid retention, oedema, and repetitive forceful hand movements may cause stenosing tenosynovitis of the hand and wrist tendons. An overweight mother with her first pregnancy is at highest risk for developing De Quer-vain’s tenosynovitis. Treatment is aimed at reducing inflammation, preserving move-ment in the thumb and preventing reoccurrence. The symptoms should improve within four to six weeks. If non-invasive treatment is not successful, corticosteroid injections can be applied. De Quervain’s tenosynovitis has a good prognosis and non-surgical treatments are usually effective for pregnancy-related hand and wrist problems. Keywords: de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, pregnancy, post-partum, wrist pain, Finkel-stein test","PeriodicalId":517759,"journal":{"name":"Socratic lectures 10 - Part I","volume":"32 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140396794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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