Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-15
Yassine Razzouk
Abstract. The study explores the seismic impact on Rammed Earth Constructions through an analysis of various bibliographic factors. These factors encompass publication volume, authorship, geographical origin, institutional affiliations, and relevant scholarly journals. Employing a rigorous examination of bibliographic data retrieved from reputable databases such as Scopus, the research identifies a discernible uptick in pertinent publications since 2014. Moreover, it discloses prominent figures within this academic domain, delineating their geographical origins, institutional affiliations, and contributions to influential journals. Additionally, the investigation scrutinizes prevalent keywords in search queries and recurrent themes in research undertakings. The citation analysis is directed towards identifying noteworthy authors and seminal documents that hold substantive significance within this scholarly discourse. The principal aim of this inquiry is to discern primary areas of interest by analyzing co-citations among authors. Biased assessments have been systematically excluded, and the linguistic framework employed adheres to an objective and value-neutral stance. Technical terminology is elucidated upon initial usage, and conventional academic sections are seamlessly integrated into the narrative.
{"title":"Analyzing the Literature on Seismic Resilience in Rammed Earth Construction: A Cartographic Approach","authors":"Yassine Razzouk","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The study explores the seismic impact on Rammed Earth Constructions through an analysis of various bibliographic factors. These factors encompass publication volume, authorship, geographical origin, institutional affiliations, and relevant scholarly journals. Employing a rigorous examination of bibliographic data retrieved from reputable databases such as Scopus, the research identifies a discernible uptick in pertinent publications since 2014. Moreover, it discloses prominent figures within this academic domain, delineating their geographical origins, institutional affiliations, and contributions to influential journals. Additionally, the investigation scrutinizes prevalent keywords in search queries and recurrent themes in research undertakings. The citation analysis is directed towards identifying noteworthy authors and seminal documents that hold substantive significance within this scholarly discourse. The principal aim of this inquiry is to discern primary areas of interest by analyzing co-citations among authors. Biased assessments have been systematically excluded, and the linguistic framework employed adheres to an objective and value-neutral stance. Technical terminology is elucidated upon initial usage, and conventional academic sections are seamlessly integrated into the narrative.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":"8 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-4
Rime EL HARROUNI
Abstract. Significant initiatives have been carried out by certain Moroccan organizations regarding safeguarding the Riads and Dars in Fez. Nevertheless, prior studies on the rehabilitation and restoration of traditional houses have only addressed the structural elements and thermal properties of the traditional environment, ignoring the spatial arrangement of the home and how it might be modified to better suit the needs and practices of modern residents. In reality, the production of newly effective technology involving structures and construction taking into account qualitative performances of the traditional dwelling has yet to be satisfactory specifically, as it is sparking a social discourse over the legitimacy of the traditional built design. This study aims to investigate the dissolution of the traditional dwelling in the medina of Fez to the degradation of the construction materials, and the safeguarding and rehabilitation Process of said dwelling. The main problem would be to answer: How to find the balance between the old and the new to provide a better quality of space? The defined method will take the form of a systemic comparative approach with the Korean model of dwelling called Hanok, to identify the similarities in terms of traditional methods of construction and the developed techniques used to transform said dwelling. For the sustainable development of these traditional habitat models, we need to establish specialized tools and a response plan for future Riads technology by comprehending consumer needs through: ongoing research on green technology to assess the usefulness of activities-oriented design in traditional homes and the improvement of natural materials in the rehabilitation process. Overall, this research aims to develop a specific scientific approach to transformation and adaptive reuse for sustainable habitability based on classifications of behavioral factors, technical factors, and contextual factors.
{"title":"Adaptation of Traditional Construction Methods for a Sustainable Transition of the Dwelling (Case of Riads in Fez and Hanoks in Seoul)","authors":"Rime EL HARROUNI","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Significant initiatives have been carried out by certain Moroccan organizations regarding safeguarding the Riads and Dars in Fez. Nevertheless, prior studies on the rehabilitation and restoration of traditional houses have only addressed the structural elements and thermal properties of the traditional environment, ignoring the spatial arrangement of the home and how it might be modified to better suit the needs and practices of modern residents. In reality, the production of newly effective technology involving structures and construction taking into account qualitative performances of the traditional dwelling has yet to be satisfactory specifically, as it is sparking a social discourse over the legitimacy of the traditional built design. This study aims to investigate the dissolution of the traditional dwelling in the medina of Fez to the degradation of the construction materials, and the safeguarding and rehabilitation Process of said dwelling. The main problem would be to answer: How to find the balance between the old and the new to provide a better quality of space? The defined method will take the form of a systemic comparative approach with the Korean model of dwelling called Hanok, to identify the similarities in terms of traditional methods of construction and the developed techniques used to transform said dwelling. For the sustainable development of these traditional habitat models, we need to establish specialized tools and a response plan for future Riads technology by comprehending consumer needs through: ongoing research on green technology to assess the usefulness of activities-oriented design in traditional homes and the improvement of natural materials in the rehabilitation process. Overall, this research aims to develop a specific scientific approach to transformation and adaptive reuse for sustainable habitability based on classifications of behavioral factors, technical factors, and contextual factors.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-32
Laila Akram
Abstract. The aim of this work is to evaluate the degradation state of natural stones after their exposure to fire. These building and decorative materials, widely used in the architectural heritage, suffer irreversible damage when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, knowledge of their residual durability is crucial in order to determine whether the post-fire building structure should be restored, reinforced or demolished. For this purpose, limestones (calcarenites) and white marbles collected from local quarries were subjected to heating-cooling cycles in a muffle furnace at various temperatures up to 1100°C. After each exposure, the selected samples were characterized at room temperature using X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman and ATR-FTIR infrared techniques. The results obtained showed that the mineralogical nature of both calcareous and marble natural stones is a key factor in their thermal stability when exposed to high temperatures. Above 570°C, natural stones undergo calcite decarbonation at different temperature ranges. Marble, which is mineralogically monophasic, underwent decomposition at 800°C, similar to calcite in its pure state. Calcarenite was decomposed at a much lower temperature of about 700 °C. This study classifies marble as more thermally stable than calcarenite.
{"title":"Fire Induced Microstructural Changes in Local Building Materials: Cases of White Marble and Limestone","authors":"Laila Akram","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-32","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of this work is to evaluate the degradation state of natural stones after their exposure to fire. These building and decorative materials, widely used in the architectural heritage, suffer irreversible damage when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, knowledge of their residual durability is crucial in order to determine whether the post-fire building structure should be restored, reinforced or demolished. For this purpose, limestones (calcarenites) and white marbles collected from local quarries were subjected to heating-cooling cycles in a muffle furnace at various temperatures up to 1100°C. After each exposure, the selected samples were characterized at room temperature using X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman and ATR-FTIR infrared techniques. The results obtained showed that the mineralogical nature of both calcareous and marble natural stones is a key factor in their thermal stability when exposed to high temperatures. Above 570°C, natural stones undergo calcite decarbonation at different temperature ranges. Marble, which is mineralogically monophasic, underwent decomposition at 800°C, similar to calcite in its pure state. Calcarenite was decomposed at a much lower temperature of about 700 °C. This study classifies marble as more thermally stable than calcarenite.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-5
Youssef Khrissi
Abstract. The aim of this study is to experimentally test the stabilization of unexploited clay from the Errachidia region (south-east Morocco) with date palm spathes, with a view to its potential use in construction. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the thermophysical and mechanical behavior of fiber-stabilized clay blocks. Several samples of spathe-reinforced clay at six different grades (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) were prepared and tested. Thermal characterization was carried out using the PHYWE House thermal insulation method to determine thermal conductivity and resistance. Mechanical performance was measured in terms of compressive and flexural strength. In addition, the chemical identification of Errachidia clay was studied using the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of the clay identification showed that Errachidia clay meets the minimum requirements for the manufacture of compressed earth bricks and adobe. The results of the thermophysical tests showed that the addition of date palm spathes had a positive influence on the lightness and thermophysical properties of the clay samples stabilized by the spathes. In terms of mechanical test results, the flexural and compressive strengths of clay blocks stabilized with date palm fibers continue to increase up to a fiber content of 3%. After this content, mechanical performance decreases with the addition of spathes and no improvement is detected. Consequently, a fiber content of 3% represents the optimum content for stabilizing Errachidia clay. At this content, stabilized clay blocks show optimal mechanical performance and improved thermal properties compared to reference samples. However, increasing the percentage of fiber mass leads to an increase in water absorption and a decrease in density. Clay compounds reinforced with date palm spathe can be considered as environmentally friendly building materials.
摘要本研究的目的是通过实验测试用枣椰树穗稳定埃拉齐迪亚地区（摩洛哥东南部）未开发粘土的情况，以期将其用于建筑业。本研究的主要目的是评估纤维稳定粘土砖的热物理和机械性能。我们制备并测试了六种不同等级（0%、1%、2%、3%、4% 和 5%）的棕榈叶增强粘土样品。采用 PHYWE House 隔热方法进行了热表征，以确定导热性和热阻。机械性能以抗压和抗折强度进行测量。此外，还使用 X 射线荧光法研究了 Errachidia 粘土的化学鉴定。粘土鉴定结果表明， Errachidia 粘土符合制造压缩土砖和土坯的最低要求。热物理性质测试结果表明，添加枣椰树穗对用枣椰树穗稳定的粘土样品的轻度和热物理性质有积极影响。在机械测试结果方面，使用枣椰纤维稳定的粘土块的抗弯强度和抗压强度在纤维含量达到 3% 时继续增加。纤维含量达到 3% 之后，机械性能就会随着抹刀的添加而降低，没有任何改善。因此，3% 的纤维含量是稳定 Errachidia 粘土的最佳含量。在此含量下，与参考样品相比，稳定粘土砖显示出最佳的机械性能和更好的热性能。然而，纤维质量百分比的增加会导致吸水性增加和密度降低。用枣椰树穗加固的粘土化合物可被视为环保型建筑材料。
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Reinforcement of Unstabilized and Stabilized Local Clay Materials with Date Palm Fibers","authors":"Youssef Khrissi","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of this study is to experimentally test the stabilization of unexploited clay from the Errachidia region (south-east Morocco) with date palm spathes, with a view to its potential use in construction. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the thermophysical and mechanical behavior of fiber-stabilized clay blocks. Several samples of spathe-reinforced clay at six different grades (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) were prepared and tested. Thermal characterization was carried out using the PHYWE House thermal insulation method to determine thermal conductivity and resistance. Mechanical performance was measured in terms of compressive and flexural strength. In addition, the chemical identification of Errachidia clay was studied using the X-ray fluorescence method. The results of the clay identification showed that Errachidia clay meets the minimum requirements for the manufacture of compressed earth bricks and adobe. The results of the thermophysical tests showed that the addition of date palm spathes had a positive influence on the lightness and thermophysical properties of the clay samples stabilized by the spathes. In terms of mechanical test results, the flexural and compressive strengths of clay blocks stabilized with date palm fibers continue to increase up to a fiber content of 3%. After this content, mechanical performance decreases with the addition of spathes and no improvement is detected. Consequently, a fiber content of 3% represents the optimum content for stabilizing Errachidia clay. At this content, stabilized clay blocks show optimal mechanical performance and improved thermal properties compared to reference samples. However, increasing the percentage of fiber mass leads to an increase in water absorption and a decrease in density. Clay compounds reinforced with date palm spathe can be considered as environmentally friendly building materials.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-9
A. Ammari
Abstract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the thermal conductivity of Compressed Earth Block Stabilized (CEBs) by cement and the results of mineralogical and chemical examinations of the soil. The soil was taken from the Moroccan city of Fez. That; determination of the thermal conductivity of CEBs plays an important role when considering it’s suitability for energy saving insulation. The measurement technique used in this study to determine thermal conductivity is hot ring method the thermal conductivity of the tested samples is strongly affected by the quantity of the cement added. The mineralogical and chemical analysis show the soilof Fez, mainly composed of the calcite, quartz and dolomite improved the behaviour of the material by the addition the optimum content of cement. The findings suggest that to manufacture lightweight samples with high thermal insulation properties, it is advisable to use clays that contain quartz. Ina ddition, quartz has high thermal conductivity.
{"title":"Thermal, Mineralogical and Chemical Properties of Soil Building Blocks for Eco-Habitat Sustainable","authors":"A. Ammari","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the thermal conductivity of Compressed Earth Block Stabilized (CEBs) by cement and the results of mineralogical and chemical examinations of the soil. The soil was taken from the Moroccan city of Fez. That; determination of the thermal conductivity of CEBs plays an important role when considering it’s suitability for energy saving insulation. The measurement technique used in this study to determine thermal conductivity is hot ring method the thermal conductivity of the tested samples is strongly affected by the quantity of the cement added. The mineralogical and chemical analysis show the soilof Fez, mainly composed of the calcite, quartz and dolomite improved the behaviour of the material by the addition the optimum content of cement. The findings suggest that to manufacture lightweight samples with high thermal insulation properties, it is advisable to use clays that contain quartz. Ina ddition, quartz has high thermal conductivity.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-20
Mahdi Lechheb
Abstract. The deterioration of historical earthen architecture in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco is becoming a significant concern. These structures are susceptible to various natural and human-induced factors, leading to their deterioration. Our research focuses on the recycling and valorization of debris from the deteriorated walls of Ksar Ait Benhaddou to potentially facilitate restoration. Various techniques were employed to characterize the debris from Ksar Ait Benhaddou, including geotechnical analysis (Atterberg limits, grain size), physicochemical assessment (X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence), and microscopic examination (Scanning electron microscopy). Standardized brick specimens were created from debris waste paste mixed with 22% water by mass. Additional specimens were prepared by incorporating stabilizers (portland cement or lime) or natural plant fibers (wheat straw) into the debris, with a water/solid ratio of 22%. The prepared specimens underwent aging for different periods (0 to 4 days). The study investigated the impact of aging duration and three additives on mechanical properties, material thermal conductivity, and hydrate formation. The debris exhibited medium plasticity, consisting of non-swelling clays and sand. The compressive strength of cement-stabilized samples yielded the best results, reaching 1.90 MPa for the DC5 sample. The thermal conductivity of samples stabilized with cement increased, contrasting with lime and straw, which had the opposite effect.
{"title":"Physical and Thermal Properties of Raw Earthern Bricks from Ksar Ait Benhaddou","authors":"Mahdi Lechheb","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The deterioration of historical earthen architecture in the Drâa-Tafilalet region of Morocco is becoming a significant concern. These structures are susceptible to various natural and human-induced factors, leading to their deterioration. Our research focuses on the recycling and valorization of debris from the deteriorated walls of Ksar Ait Benhaddou to potentially facilitate restoration. Various techniques were employed to characterize the debris from Ksar Ait Benhaddou, including geotechnical analysis (Atterberg limits, grain size), physicochemical assessment (X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence), and microscopic examination (Scanning electron microscopy). Standardized brick specimens were created from debris waste paste mixed with 22% water by mass. Additional specimens were prepared by incorporating stabilizers (portland cement or lime) or natural plant fibers (wheat straw) into the debris, with a water/solid ratio of 22%. The prepared specimens underwent aging for different periods (0 to 4 days). The study investigated the impact of aging duration and three additives on mechanical properties, material thermal conductivity, and hydrate formation. The debris exhibited medium plasticity, consisting of non-swelling clays and sand. The compressive strength of cement-stabilized samples yielded the best results, reaching 1.90 MPa for the DC5 sample. The thermal conductivity of samples stabilized with cement increased, contrasting with lime and straw, which had the opposite effect.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-14
Giovanni Pancani
Abstract. Located on the Rocky Promontory overlooking the town of Caprona, the Upezzinghi Tower is a 19th-century reconstruction of a watchtower that once served the ancient castle, which existed in the mid-11th century and was destroyed by the Florentines in 1433. The hill on which it stands has been gradually eroded due to stone quarrying, significantly altering the landscape around Caprona. Until the mid of the last century, the rocky promontory was still substantially intact, and the remains of the medieval fortress could be identified beneath the tower. However, at its base, the remains of the medieval tower's foundation are still visible. The structure is currently in an advanced state of architectural decay, and the extraction of stone material has been so aggressive that the quarry's limit has come within about 50 cm of the tower's profile. The small square-shaped building appears to be smaller than the one demolished in 1433 since measurements at the base of the current tower have confirmed one side to be approximately 4.50 meters, while the remains of the medieval tower had a side of about 5.00 meters. Digital surveying has been carried out for the preservation and conservation of the tower, which is in urgent need of restoration. TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) and UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems) tools were used with multiple acquisitions that were subsequently compared and calibrated, using the laser scanner point cloud as a reference. The maximum misalignment error of the TLS point cloud was within a maximum range of 0.015 meters. The delivery of the survey results, considering the modest size of the structure, was performed at a 1:20 scale.
{"title":"Integrated Digital Documentation for Conservation, the Case Study of the Torre deli Upezzinghi Called Caprona, in Vicopisano (PI) Italy","authors":"Giovanni Pancani","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Located on the Rocky Promontory overlooking the town of Caprona, the Upezzinghi Tower is a 19th-century reconstruction of a watchtower that once served the ancient castle, which existed in the mid-11th century and was destroyed by the Florentines in 1433. The hill on which it stands has been gradually eroded due to stone quarrying, significantly altering the landscape around Caprona. Until the mid of the last century, the rocky promontory was still substantially intact, and the remains of the medieval fortress could be identified beneath the tower. However, at its base, the remains of the medieval tower's foundation are still visible. The structure is currently in an advanced state of architectural decay, and the extraction of stone material has been so aggressive that the quarry's limit has come within about 50 cm of the tower's profile. The small square-shaped building appears to be smaller than the one demolished in 1433 since measurements at the base of the current tower have confirmed one side to be approximately 4.50 meters, while the remains of the medieval tower had a side of about 5.00 meters. Digital surveying has been carried out for the preservation and conservation of the tower, which is in urgent need of restoration. TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) and UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems) tools were used with multiple acquisitions that were subsequently compared and calibrated, using the laser scanner point cloud as a reference. The maximum misalignment error of the TLS point cloud was within a maximum range of 0.015 meters. The delivery of the survey results, considering the modest size of the structure, was performed at a 1:20 scale.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-17
I. Fikri
Abstract The work is an in-depth investigation of painting remains from the roman city of Volubilis in Morocco, classified World Heritage. Raman and ATR-FTIR structural and XRF elemental spectroscopies were crossed to decrypt the pigments adopted by roman craftsmen in the south Mediterranean region. Red-ochre alone or in admixture with cinnabar was used in brown-red paintings, while yellow ochre, green earth and Egyptian blue pigments were used to achieve yellow, green and blue ones. All pigments highlighted had been commonly used in the roman world, among which some ones continue until the medieval period in Morocco. In addition to documenting built heritage in Morocco, the results provide a helpful background for archaeologists interested in Roman sites around the Mediterranean space.
{"title":"Wall Paintings from The Roman City of Volubilis in Morocco: XRF, Raman and FTIR-ATR Analyses","authors":"I. Fikri","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The work is an in-depth investigation of painting remains from the roman city of Volubilis in Morocco, classified World Heritage. Raman and ATR-FTIR structural and XRF elemental spectroscopies were crossed to decrypt the pigments adopted by roman craftsmen in the south Mediterranean region. Red-ochre alone or in admixture with cinnabar was used in brown-red paintings, while yellow ochre, green earth and Egyptian blue pigments were used to achieve yellow, green and blue ones. All pigments highlighted had been commonly used in the roman world, among which some ones continue until the medieval period in Morocco. In addition to documenting built heritage in Morocco, the results provide a helpful background for archaeologists interested in Roman sites around the Mediterranean space.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-24
Ilham Masrour
Abstract. Earthen constructions, characterized by their historical longevity and adaptability to various environments, constitute an essential part of the global architectural heritage. These structures offer environmental advantages by utilizing local resources, but they also face challenges such as weather sensitivity, vulnerability to earthquakes, and degradation over time. Preserving these constructions while meeting modern sustainability standards poses a crucial challenge. In this context, geopolymers emerge as innovative solutions for stabilizing earthen constructions. A sustainable alternative is provided by geopolymers, which are composed of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag to enhance soil cohesion and strength. This review article aims to provide an insightful perspective on compression tests specific to various types of geopolymers. The objective is to guide the choice of the method for stabilizing earthen constructions based on available resources.
{"title":"Geopolymers: An Eco-Friendly Approach to Enhancing the Stability of Earthen Constructions","authors":"Ilham Masrour","doi":"10.21741/9781644903117-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903117-24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Earthen constructions, characterized by their historical longevity and adaptability to various environments, constitute an essential part of the global architectural heritage. These structures offer environmental advantages by utilizing local resources, but they also face challenges such as weather sensitivity, vulnerability to earthquakes, and degradation over time. Preserving these constructions while meeting modern sustainability standards poses a crucial challenge. In this context, geopolymers emerge as innovative solutions for stabilizing earthen constructions. A sustainable alternative is provided by geopolymers, which are composed of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag to enhance soil cohesion and strength. This review article aims to provide an insightful perspective on compression tests specific to various types of geopolymers. The objective is to guide the choice of the method for stabilizing earthen constructions based on available resources.","PeriodicalId":517987,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Architectural Heritage","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.21741/9781644903117-23
Khalid EL HARROUNI
Abstract. The design of sustainable architectural and urban spaces should be one of the essential pillars of any strategy for sustainable development and adaptation to climate change, particularly for the population living in rural areas who suffer from cold during winter and heat during the summer. This paper focuses on the traditional earth-based materials buildings and tries to see to what extent the building envelope could be improved to achieve and further confirm the objectives: improving thermal comfort and reducing heat loss through the traditional envelope (walls, roof, glazing, low floor). The paper is based on bioclimatic architecture principles and adopts passive energy efficiency in two different climatic contexts, hot and cold. The analysis of the approach method includes three issues: 1) the bioclimatic analysis of the environment/site including the building ambiance; 2) thermal comfort; and 3) thermal performance. The methodological tools are based on the bioclimatic analysis of the site and the ambiance for the first two issues; and the prescriptive approach of Moroccan thermal regulation for the third issue. The built environment constructed with traditional materials, once improved, is able to prove that it is respectful of the environment and without any risk to the user's health. In addition, this traditional architecture confirms the objectives of sustainable development.
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