This manuscript discusses the story of Baby Doe, an infant from Afghanistan whose parents died during a raid by U.S. Marines. She was initially placed with relatives but one Marine, Joshua Mast, would “adopt” her without her caregivers’ knowledge. This manuscript briefly explains the history and neuroscience of maternal separation, and advocates for Baby Doe to be returned to her rightful caregivers.
{"title":"How Caregiver Separation Harms Children: A Biological Lens to One Child’s Trauma","authors":"Jared E. Boyce","doi":"10.62414/001c.117777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.117777","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript discusses the story of Baby Doe, an infant from Afghanistan whose parents died during a raid by U.S. Marines. She was initially placed with relatives but one Marine, Joshua Mast, would “adopt” her without her caregivers’ knowledge. This manuscript briefly explains the history and neuroscience of maternal separation, and advocates for Baby Doe to be returned to her rightful caregivers.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"27 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141379135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sultana Jahan, Rasha El Kady, Ellen M. O'Neill, Larissa Bell
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how child and adolescent psychiatrist’s practice. Nationwide restrictions and public health recommendations have reshaped the patient care setting to avoid spread of the virus. A major shift came in the form of telehealth, which allowed patients to attend clinic appointments online. Some of our clinic’s child and adolescent psychiatrists began practicing telehealth in March 2020 and continued completely virtually for one year. Other providers in our practice continued with in-person visits.
{"title":"Telepsychiatry and In-Person Care for Pediatric Patients During COVID-19: Patients’ Perspectives","authors":"Sultana Jahan, Rasha El Kady, Ellen M. O'Neill, Larissa Bell","doi":"10.62414/001c.92181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92181","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has changed how child and adolescent psychiatrist’s practice. Nationwide restrictions and public health recommendations have reshaped the patient care setting to avoid spread of the virus. A major shift came in the form of telehealth, which allowed patients to attend clinic appointments online. Some of our clinic’s child and adolescent psychiatrists began practicing telehealth in March 2020 and continued completely virtually for one year. Other providers in our practice continued with in-person visits.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Staring back at me through the Zoom interface was a small, thin-faced boy, too nervous and overwhelmed to tell me anything more than his own name and the name of his dog: Cooper. This was the first child therapy case I was assigned as a resident trainee. He was a young adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two years ago, he was outgoing, playful, and sociable. Now he apprehensively stared at me, underweight and highly anxious. He was experiencing medical trauma through countless hospital admissions for chemotherapy and opportunistic infections during the ongoing global pandemic. At the time he was transferred to my care, he carried multiple psychiatric diagnoses, including generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. I had no idea where to begin. Though I was in my third year of Triple Board training, which includes adult psychiatry, pediatrics, and child psychiatry fellowship, I felt unprepared. My education and exposure to psychotherapy had been somewhat limited; but even still, I knew that learning effective, evidence-based therapeutic skills would not be straightforward.
{"title":"Evidence-Based Practices: An Opportunity to Enhance Psychiatric Residency Training","authors":"Rachel H. Olfson","doi":"10.62414/001c.92180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92180","url":null,"abstract":"Staring back at me through the Zoom interface was a small, thin-faced boy, too nervous and overwhelmed to tell me anything more than his own name and the name of his dog: Cooper. This was the first child therapy case I was assigned as a resident trainee. He was a young adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Two years ago, he was outgoing, playful, and sociable. Now he apprehensively stared at me, underweight and highly anxious. He was experiencing medical trauma through countless hospital admissions for chemotherapy and opportunistic infections during the ongoing global pandemic. At the time he was transferred to my care, he carried multiple psychiatric diagnoses, including generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. I had no idea where to begin. Though I was in my third year of Triple Board training, which includes adult psychiatry, pediatrics, and child psychiatry fellowship, I felt unprepared. My education and exposure to psychotherapy had been somewhat limited; but even still, I knew that learning effective, evidence-based therapeutic skills would not be straightforward.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"2012 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140532606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are limited data available regarding early childhood mental health in the Muslim American population. Nevertheless, the literature has shown that American Muslims are more likely to experience mental health disorders, including being twice as likely to report a history of suicide attempt1 compared to other religious communities.2 Despite these challenges, Muslims in America are often underserved and tend to underutilize mental health services, compared to other minority groups.2-5 The combination of Muslim children with significant mental health challenges and caregivers who underutilize mental health services reduces the likelihood that effective treatments will be used and increases risk of long-term harm for Muslim American children. Research has shown that Muslim American populations may be hesitant in seeking mental health treatment for a variety of reasons, including associated stigma behind mental illness within the community, fears related to past experiences of racism and discrimination in a post-9/11 world, differing way of conceptualizing mental illness and psychological distress that may lead to seeking alternative supports within family and community instead of mental health providers, and lack of knowledge about how to access formal mental health services.6,7 Another plausible reason for the underutilization of mental health services in this population is the concern that mental health treatment may not align with religious or cultural values.3
{"title":"Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Muslim-American Parents and Young Children","authors":"Silai Mirzoy","doi":"10.62414/001c.92165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92165","url":null,"abstract":"There are limited data available regarding early childhood mental health in the Muslim American population. Nevertheless, the literature has shown that American Muslims are more likely to experience mental health disorders, including being twice as likely to report a history of suicide attempt1 compared to other religious communities.2 Despite these challenges, Muslims in America are often underserved and tend to underutilize mental health services, compared to other minority groups.2-5 The combination of Muslim children with significant mental health challenges and caregivers who underutilize mental health services reduces the likelihood that effective treatments will be used and increases risk of long-term harm for Muslim American children. Research has shown that Muslim American populations may be hesitant in seeking mental health treatment for a variety of reasons, including associated stigma behind mental illness within the community, fears related to past experiences of racism and discrimination in a post-9/11 world, differing way of conceptualizing mental illness and psychological distress that may lead to seeking alternative supports within family and community instead of mental health providers, and lack of knowledge about how to access formal mental health services.6,7 Another plausible reason for the underutilization of mental health services in this population is the concern that mental health treatment may not align with religious or cultural values.3","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"54 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide an integrated account of how life stress affects inflammation in the body, how the dysregulation of immune pathways is linked with depression and other chronic diseases, and which stress reduction techniques are applicable to specifically reverse these factors contributing to disease development. Stressors in the modern environment will be defined as they relate to the immune system and major depressive disorder (MDD) development. The inflammatory theory of depression will also be examined as it relates to these stressors. Lastly, research on the efficacy of various stress reduction techniques will be discussed, including specifically how they may be used to counter the inflammatory instigators of MDD. In this manner, this review will provide a cumulative roadmap for providers and patients alike to trace the development of MDD and further avenues for treatment of this complex disease.
{"title":"Stress and Inflammation: New Perspectives on Major Depressive Disorder","authors":"Rebecca Kass, Kristopher Kaliebe","doi":"10.62414/001c.92409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92409","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide an integrated account of how life stress affects inflammation in the body, how the dysregulation of immune pathways is linked with depression and other chronic diseases, and which stress reduction techniques are applicable to specifically reverse these factors contributing to disease development. Stressors in the modern environment will be defined as they relate to the immune system and major depressive disorder (MDD) development. The inflammatory theory of depression will also be examined as it relates to these stressors. Lastly, research on the efficacy of various stress reduction techniques will be discussed, including specifically how they may be used to counter the inflammatory instigators of MDD. In this manner, this review will provide a cumulative roadmap for providers and patients alike to trace the development of MDD and further avenues for treatment of this complex disease.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"24 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141226775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Welcome to our new column, Connect Corner—an opportunity to critique books, shows, movies, video games, and any other relevant media content from the perspective of a child and adolescent psychiatrist. To kick off this column we begin with a more traditional form of content: books. When the JAACAP Connect Editorial Board met this past October at the AACAP’s 66th Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL, we started our gathering by sharing a favorite children’s book. We reflected on the stories that touched us as children and the ones we have discovered as parents.
{"title":"Connect Corner: Cinderella","authors":"Paula Wadell","doi":"10.62414/001c.92412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92412","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to our new column, Connect Corner—an opportunity to critique books, shows, movies, video games, and any other relevant media content from the perspective of a child and adolescent psychiatrist. To kick off this column we begin with a more traditional form of content: books. When the JAACAP Connect Editorial Board met this past October at the AACAP’s 66th Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL, we started our gathering by sharing a favorite children’s book. We reflected on the stories that touched us as children and the ones we have discovered as parents.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"349 8‐9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clinical interest in abnormal sensory processing has evolved since the mid-twentieth century from initial work by Anna Aryes,1 a prominent occupational therapist, and Leo Kanner, known to many as the father of autism. Aryes, while observing children with learning disabilities, conceived of a field of sensory integration dysfunction, a disorder related to neurological impairment in “detecting, modulating, discriminating, and responding to sensory information”.1 There is increasing recognition today that differences in sensory processing are transdiagnostic and encountered by a multitude of clinical practitioners, including psychiatrists, neurologists, occupational therapists, audiologists, and pediatricians, among others. It is thus of vital importance for child psychiatrists to recognize those differences, distinguish them from autism and other diagnostic categories, and conceptualize approaches to treatment.
{"title":"Abnormal Sensory Reactivity in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic: Assessment, Management, and Treatment","authors":"Max S. Rosen, Anne L. Glowinski","doi":"10.62414/001c.92410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92410","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical interest in abnormal sensory processing has evolved since the mid-twentieth century from initial work by Anna Aryes,1 a prominent occupational therapist, and Leo Kanner, known to many as the father of autism. Aryes, while observing children with learning disabilities, conceived of a field of sensory integration dysfunction, a disorder related to neurological impairment in “detecting, modulating, discriminating, and responding to sensory information”.1 There is increasing recognition today that differences in sensory processing are transdiagnostic and encountered by a multitude of clinical practitioners, including psychiatrists, neurologists, occupational therapists, audiologists, and pediatricians, among others. It is thus of vital importance for child psychiatrists to recognize those differences, distinguish them from autism and other diagnostic categories, and conceptualize approaches to treatment.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141226969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naveed Ahmad, Omar Pinjari, Luis A. Fernandez, Elizabeth Newlin, S. Selek
Since 1938, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been widely used in the treatment of catatonia, treatment-resistant depression, and severe mania. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), criteria1 for its use in youth is: 1) Presence of severe major depression or mania, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 2) Presence of severe, persistent, and disabling symptoms, such as refusal to eat or drink, severe suicidal ideation, uncontrollable mania, and psychosis. 3) Failure to respond to two adequate trials of medications. 4) ECT can also be used earlier when adequate medication trials cannot be administered because of failure to tolerate pharmacological treatment, or if the patient is incapacitated to the point that he/she is unable to take medication or awaiting a response to a medication poses a grave threat to life.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents in Texas and the US","authors":"Naveed Ahmad, Omar Pinjari, Luis A. Fernandez, Elizabeth Newlin, S. Selek","doi":"10.62414/001c.92407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92407","url":null,"abstract":"Since 1938, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been widely used in the treatment of catatonia, treatment-resistant depression, and severe mania. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), criteria1 for its use in youth is: 1) Presence of severe major depression or mania, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 2) Presence of severe, persistent, and disabling symptoms, such as refusal to eat or drink, severe suicidal ideation, uncontrollable mania, and psychosis. 3) Failure to respond to two adequate trials of medications. 4) ECT can also be used earlier when adequate medication trials cannot be administered because of failure to tolerate pharmacological treatment, or if the patient is incapacitated to the point that he/she is unable to take medication or awaiting a response to a medication poses a grave threat to life.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"32 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141226991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun-Won Hwang, Jae-Won Kim, U. Chung, Hyun Ju Hong, Bongseog Kim
Depression is a major health problem among Korean youth. In Korean adolescents, depression often results in problems related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The suicide rate is 4.7 per 100,000 in Korean youth ages 10 to 19 years and suicide is the leading cause of death in Korean adolescents ages 13 to 18 years.1 Notably, the suicide rate in Korea seems to be one of the highest among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Academic achievement is considered a key to overall success and is viewed as a survival response in highly competitive societies such as Korea.2 Therefore, considerable research attention has been paid towards the link between depression and Korean adolescents’ subjection to academic pressure and stress by both themselves and their parents.3 An adolescent’s depression tends to increase as a they advance in grade level, and one fifth of Korean adolescents has thought about committing suicide, mainly due to academic stress.3 This article aims to describe the systematic implementation of a depression screening and treatment program within secondary schools in Korea.
{"title":"Screening for Depression and Suicidality in Adolescents: The Korean Annual Nationwide Survey","authors":"Jun-Won Hwang, Jae-Won Kim, U. Chung, Hyun Ju Hong, Bongseog Kim","doi":"10.62414/001c.92406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92406","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is a major health problem among Korean youth. In Korean adolescents, depression often results in problems related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The suicide rate is 4.7 per 100,000 in Korean youth ages 10 to 19 years and suicide is the leading cause of death in Korean adolescents ages 13 to 18 years.1 Notably, the suicide rate in Korea seems to be one of the highest among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Academic achievement is considered a key to overall success and is viewed as a survival response in highly competitive societies such as Korea.2 Therefore, considerable research attention has been paid towards the link between depression and Korean adolescents’ subjection to academic pressure and stress by both themselves and their parents.3 An adolescent’s depression tends to increase as a they advance in grade level, and one fifth of Korean adolescents has thought about committing suicide, mainly due to academic stress.3 This article aims to describe the systematic implementation of a depression screening and treatment program within secondary schools in Korea.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"23 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141228332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fred Rogers, of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, might not have been a child psychiatrist, but he was deeply aware that children have feelings of fear, anger, and much more. Mister Rogers recognized that we need to build trust and comfort when talking about feelings with children instead of encouraging them to hide their emotions away. By stigmatizing mental health, it is more difficult for youth to feel comfortable about the worries, sadness, or anger they might be experiencing. This Winter 2020 issue of JAACAP Connect goes through many topics that have been negatively impacted by mental health stigma and discusses how child and adolescent psychiatrists can help to battle this stigma.
{"title":"Talking About Stigma","authors":"Justin Schreiber","doi":"10.62414/001c.92404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.62414/001c.92404","url":null,"abstract":"Fred Rogers, of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, might not have been a child psychiatrist, but he was deeply aware that children have feelings of fear, anger, and much more. Mister Rogers recognized that we need to build trust and comfort when talking about feelings with children instead of encouraging them to hide their emotions away. By stigmatizing mental health, it is more difficult for youth to feel comfortable about the worries, sadness, or anger they might be experiencing. This Winter 2020 issue of JAACAP Connect goes through many topics that have been negatively impacted by mental health stigma and discusses how child and adolescent psychiatrists can help to battle this stigma.","PeriodicalId":518239,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP Connect","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141226882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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