Consortium psychiatricum最新文献

Background: Understanding the motives for suicide attempts is a necessary condition of suicide risk assessment in adolescents. However, there is a lack of measures in Russian that assess these motives, particularly, in adolescent populations. The Inventory of Motivations for Suicide Attempts (IMSA) measures a variety of theoretically grounded intrapersonal and interpersonal motives and can be used in adolescent samples.

Aim: To validate the Russian version of the IMSA in a clinical sample of adolescents with suicidal behavior.

Methods: The Russian-language adaptation of the IMSA was conducted on a clinical sample of 522 inpatient adolescents 12-17 years old (M=14.51±1.52), including 425 girls and 97 boys. All the adolescents were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital due to a suicide attempt, suicidal intentions, or a history of suicide attempts. To test the convergent and discriminative validity of the Russian version of the IMSA, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and Self-Concept Clarity Scale were used.

Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original 10-factor structure did not have a good fit. After modifications and removal of 12 items an 8-factor structure emerged, which had the following scales: Hopelessness, Psychache, Escape, Burdensomeness, Low belongingness, Fearlessness, Problem-solving, Interpersonal motivations. A generalizing Intrapersonal motivations scale was also defined. The fit measures for the final model were as follows: χ²(df)=1,757.23(808); CFI=0.911; RMSEA=0.053 (p=0.087); SRMR=0.058. All the scales in the Russian version of the IMSA displayed satisfactory internal (above 0.8 except for Problem-solving) and retest reliability (above 0.6 except for Interpersonal motivations) and statistically significant positive correlations with scales from the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire and Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure and negative correlations with Self-Concept Clarity Scale.

Conclusion: The IMSA displayed satisfactory psychometric properties in a Russian adolescent inpatient sample and can be used to differentiate between the motives for suicide attempts in adolescents.

Background: Addictive disorders remain a global problem, affecting health, society and the economy. The etiopathogenesis of addictions, which have a multifactorial nature, is poorly understood, making it difficult to develop personalized treatment approaches. Of particular interest is the SLC6A4 gene, which regulates serotonergic transmission. The 5-HTTLPR variation of this gene is associated with the risk of addictions, but the data are contradictory due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and pleiotropic effects of the gene. Integration of genetic, environmental and neurobiological factors into multidimensional models is becoming relevant.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the role of 5-HTTLPR variations in the SLC6A4 gene of the serotonergic system in the development of addictive disorders.

Methods: The manuscripts were searched in the MEDLINE and eLIBRARY.RU databases using the keywords in Russian and English: "SLC6A4", "5-HTTLPR", "addictive disorders", "pharmacogenetics", "serotonin", "antidepressants", "ethnic differences". After eliminating duplicates and a two-stage screening (by titles/annotations and full-text analysis) of the 1,561 discovered papers, the final review included 41 publications that meet the stated inclusion criteria.

Results: The S-allele of 5-HTTLPR is associated with an increased risk of addictions and comorbid affective disorders, but its role is ambiguous due to the heterogeneity of symptoms. Ethnic differences have been identified: the S-allele predominates (70.6-80.9%) in Asian populations, the L-allele in Europeans (38.5-66.7%). Unique neurobiological markers for S-allele carriers have not been established, and the pleiotropic effects of SLC6A4 are also observed in other mental disorders, which reduces its specificity for addictions.

Conclusion: The inconsistency of the data on 5-HTTLPR highlights the need to take into account ethnic specificity and develop multivariate models that integrate genetic, environmental and clinical factors. This will improve risk prediction (development of addictions), personalization of therapy and the effectiveness of pharmacogenetic approaches, reducing the likelihood of adverse reactions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.17816/CP15491.].

Background: It is known that disorders of mental activity in schizophrenia patients may be caused by an impairment in the actualization of past experience during anticipation (prediction), which leads to impairment in constructing predictions, comparing incoming sensory information with the predictions, and updating the predictions. Previous studies have shown that the probability of an expected event affects the components of event-related potentials in mentally healthy individuals. However, it has not yet been studied how changes in the probability of an expected stimulus influence the behavior of individuals with schizophrenia and their event-related potential measures.

Aim: To compare the influence of event probability on the characteristics of brain potentials in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals.

Methods: The study included mentally healthy individuals and male schizophrenia patients. Electroencephalograms were recorded while participants performed a saccadic task within the Central Cue Posner's Paradigm under conditions of varying probability (50% and 80%) of target stimulus presentation. Pre-stimulus (Contingent Negative Variation) and post-stimulus (Mismatch Negativity and P3) components of event-related potentials were analyzed upon the presentation of two types of target stimuli: standard (presented on the same side as the cue stimulus) and deviant (presented on the opposite side), under conditions of 50% and 80% stimulus congruence probability.

Results: The study involved 20 mentally healthy individuals and 18 schizophrenia patients. In healthy subjects, the amplitude of the contingent negative variation increased with high stimulus congruence probability, while the amplitude of the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and P3 component was higher for deviant stimuli under conditions of high (80%) probability. In schizophrenia patients, changes in probability demonstrated no impact on the amplitude of the contingent negative wave, MMN, or P3.

Conclusion: The characteristics of event-related potentials in patients with schizophrenia indicate impaired anticipation processes.

Background: Functional and structural studies of the brain highlight the importance of white matter alterations in schizophrenia. However, molecular studies of the alterations associated with the disease remain insufficient.

Aim: To study the lipidome and transcriptome composition of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia, including analyzing a larger number of biochemical lipid compounds and their spatial distribution in brain sections, and corpus callosum transcriptome data. To integrate the results of molecular approaches to create a comprehensive molecular perspective of the disease.

Methods: A total of 8 brain tissue samples (4 from healthy controls (HC) + 4 from schizophrenia patients (SZ)) were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and RNA sequencing for transcriptome profiling. Additionally, 6 brain tissue samples (3 HC + 3 SZ) were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MALDI-MSI). This approach enabled the characterization of mRNA and lipids in brain tissue samples, and the spatial distribution of selected lipids within brain sections.

Results: The analysis revealed a general trend of reduced lipid levels in the corpus callosum of schizophrenia patients for lipid classes measured by mass spectrometric methods. Specifically, nine lipid classes detected via HPLC-MS showed significant differences in schizophrenia samples, with seven of them having lower median intensity. The results between HPLC-MS and MALDI-MSI were highly concordant. Transcriptome analysis identified 1,202 differentially expressed genes, clustered into four functional modules, one of which was associated with lipid metabolism.

Conclusion: We identified a series of lipidome and transcriptome alterations in the corpus callosum of schizophrenia patients that were internally consistent and aligned well with previous findings on white matter lipidome changes in schizophrenia. These results add to the existing scope of molecular alterations associated with schizophrenia, shedding light on the biological processes potentially involved in its pathogenesis.

Background: New psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a global problem, especially among young people. In Central Asia, while the trafficking in NPS continues to grow, there remains a lack of data on the social, health and psychological consequences of their use.

Aim: To investigate the motives behind the NPS use among young people in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the medical and social characteristics of this group.

Methods: The study will include young people (18-35 years) who have used NPS in the preceeding 30 days (on the basis of self-reports) or are undergoing rehabilitation and plan to cease the NPS use within the next 12-18 months. Semi-structured interviews will reveal the reasons for NPS use, risk perception, stigma, barriers to seeking help, and the need for preventive and rehabilitation services. Interviews will take place at the Republican Mental Health Center and two specialized rehabilitation centers in Uzbekistan between November 2024 and the completion of enrollment (25-30 participants), but no later than May 2025. Additionally, a focus group of psychiatrists, psychotherapists, narcologists, and psychologists will evaluate the level of awareness amongst health care professionals as regards of NPS use and its prevalence, medical, and social implications.

Expected results: The study will identify the key motives of NPS use, usage patterns, and social and medical barriers of help-seeking. Findings will contribute to the development of prevention and rehabilitation strategies, including digital communication platforms and interactive educational programs.

Conclusion: The study focuses on raising awareness about the consequences of NPS in the Republic of Uzbekistan. This is essential for developing effective public health prevention and rehabilitation programs.

Background: Fixed drug eruption is a type of adverse drug reaction affecting the skin, marked by recurrent rashes that appear at the same site each time a particular drug is taken. Generalized bullous fixed drug eruption (GBFDE) is a severe form of FDE characterized by vesicles or bullae and involvement of a significant portion of the body surface area. To date, no association between GBFDE and chlordiazepoxide has been reported in the literature.

Case report: The authors present the case of a 40-year-old male inpatient in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital in Assam, India. The patient was admitted in an alcohol withdrawal state and was initially prescribed chlordiazepoxide at a dose of 60 mg/day. He developed GBFDE within a day of chlordiazepoxide administration. The drug was discontinued, and he was treated with oral and topical corticosteroids instead, resulting in a significant improvement.

Conclusion: Chlordiazepoxide is a rare but potential trigger of GBFDE. Clinicians should closely monitor patients on chlordiazepoxide for possible signs of GBFDE.

Yuri Lotman (1922-1993) was a semiologist, literary critic, and cultural historian from Soviet Russia. He is credited with founding the multidisciplinary Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics. As a cultural theorist and humanist, he was highly influential across many fields, but his contributions to theories about the brain as a semiotic system have often been overlooked. Topics such as the asymmetry of the brain hemispheres, the "untranslatable" specialization of their respective "languages", interhemispheric dialogue, and the unity of consciousness were frequent subjects of discussion within the scientific community that formed around the multidisciplinary Tartu-Moscow (and Leningrad) group. Recently, scholars such as E. Andrews and T.V. Chernigovskaya have highlighted the influence and relevance of the "neurosemiotic" model proposed by Yu.M. Lotman in the late 1970s. However, our impression is that a fundamental aspect, which Yu.M. Lotman considered indispensable for the functioning of any "thinking system", has been overlooked in the application of this model to contemporary studies of neurophysiology. This aspect is the intersemiotic translation device that Yu.M. Lotman calls the "semiotic boundary". We can consider this as a "third" structure of intersection between the two hemispheres, which actively operates to translate specialized information systems reciprocally. In this paper, we will attempt to restore its significance according to an interpretation updated to the most recent discoveries in cognitive neuroscience.

Background: The "Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury" (ISAS) is one of the most widely used and reliable psychometric tools for assessing non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and its motivations. The Russian adaptation of the ISAS, involving patients with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders, demonstrated high internal consistency and a two-factor structure similar to the original. However, the reliability and suitability of ISAS in a non-clinical population remain unclear.

Aim: To adapt the ISAS in Russian, evaluate its psychometric properties, and analyze its factor structure in a sample of Russian university students.

Methods: The psychometric properties and factor structure of the adapted ISAS version were evaluated through an anonymous online survey of Russian university students. Respondents had reported lifetime NSSI and scored above 4 on the ISAS-Functions subscale. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA) were performed on two randomly formed subgroups to evaluate the factor structure of ISAS. Additionally, the associations between the identified ISAS factors and the presence of suicidal thoughts and attempts over a lifetime and in the week before their participation in the study, as well as seeking psychiatric and/or psychotherapeutic care over a lifetime, were analyzed.

Results: The survey included 3,919 participants, of whom 1,149 (29.3%; 88.0% female) reported NSSI, with a median age of 20 (18; 22) years. The Russian ISAS demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.851). EFA results supported the original two-factor structure. CFA results suggested an alternative three-factor structure of the ISAS, including "Signal", "Regulation", and "Influence" factors. Suicidal attempts were associated with the factors "Regulation" and "Influence", suicidal thoughts with "Regulation" and female gender, and the seeking of psychiatric and/or psychotherapeutic care with "Regulation" and age.

Conclusion: The adapted ISAS in Russian is a reliable tool with high internal consistency. The study proposed a three-factor structure, indicating a greater heterogeneity of the NSSI phenomenon compared to earlier understandings. The study demonstrated the association between two of the three identified factors with suicidal behavior and thoughts, and the seeking of psychiatric care.