The National medical journal of India最新文献

Background One of the most important indicators of mental health in old age is life satisfaction. We aimed at verifying the psychometric properties of the Life Satisfaction Index-A (LSIA), used to evaluate life satisfaction and well-being, among older Iranians. Methods The forward-backward procedure was used for translating the English version of the LSIA into Persian. Thereafter, face and content validity were done by 15 specialists. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done for construct validity. Reliability was evaluated by using the Cronbach's alpha method. Statistical analysis was performed using Mplus 7.4. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results In the face validity, more than 90% of all questions had an impact score above 1.5, content validity ratio (CVR) >0.6, and content validity index (CVI) >0.8. CFA showed that the first-level factors 'resolution and fortitude', 'Zest' and 'congruence between desired and achieved goals in life' explain the first factor of the second level which is 'the perception of reality', and the first level factors 'positive self-concept' and 'mood tone' explain the second factor of the second level which is 'mental perception'. The proposed structural model showed acceptable to the data and Cronbach's alpha for the LSIA's dimensions ranged between 0.89 and 0.95. Conclusion The findings suggest that the LSIA appears to be an appropriate instrument for older adults in Iran, but it needs further validation to explore different sub-cultural aspects in the older Iranian population.

Background Integration of smart mobile devices (SMD) like smartphones and digital tablets into medical practice continues to be hindered despite the benefits of access to guidelines at the point of care and patient safety. The barriers include administrator attitudes, perceptions about how patients would receive it, shyness about accessing it in the presence of coworkers, and perceived attrition in medical education. We aimed to understand the perceptions of doctors, medical students, and patients about the use of SMDs in patient care areas. Methods A cross-sectional survey of doctors, medical students, and patients across multiple states in India was conducted. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire after ethical clearance and participant consent. A sample size of 385 was estimated for each group (95% confidence interval, alpha error 0.5, power 80%). Results 406 doctors, 425 medical students, and 418 patients responded to the survey. 92% doctors, 96% medical students, and 57% patients owned an SMD. 81% doctors had used an SMD for patient care, with a little over 50% having used it in front of their juniors, and only 34% approved the use in patient contact areas. 99% medical students used SMD for studying; 93% advocated it to their juniors for learning, but only 68% used it in front of their juniors, and 29% in front of their patients. About 90% patients were ready for doctors to use SMDs in front of them, with over 75% agreeing that SMD use will lead to better and safer care. Conclusions SMDs are widely used in the patient care area and for medical education. Some perceived barriers such as patient perceptions about doctors require behavioural change and acceptance of changing times.

Background Antenatal education helps in enhancing a woman's belief in herself, her ability to cope with birth, and achieving the desired outcome from coping behaviour, which will lead to a positive birth experience. Health professionals should impart antenatal education to enhance a mother's belief about her behaviour during childbirth. We aimed to develop and assess the effect of a supportive educational intervention on child birth self-efficacy amongst primipara mothers with a fear of childbirth. Methods We included in our study, 200 primipara mothers at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy with a fear of childbirth. They were screened for fear of childbirth using the Wijma Delivery Expectany Questionnaire-A (WDEQ-A) scale and then randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. After the childbirth allocation assessment, self-efficacy was assessed using the childbirth self-efficacy inventory. The control group received routine care, and the experimental group received two sessions of intervention, one between 24 and 28 weeks and the second between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. At 37 and 38 weeks of pregnancy, selected mothers in both groups were again assessed for childbirth self-efficacy. Results Following the interventions, there was a significant difference between the groups on post-intervention scores for childbirth self-efficacy (p<0.001). Conclusions Educational interventions can improve self-efficacy of expectant primipara mothers.

This article sheds light on a medical bimonthly, the Madras Journal of Medical Science (MJMS), which was active between 1850 and 1854. A unique aspect of MJMS was that it was published by the apothecaries and dressers of the Madras Subordinate Medical Service for their professional development. Similar to any professional journal of the mid-19th century, this journal included a few original case reports (referred to as literary contributions) by the apothecaries and dressers working with the Madras Medical Establishment (MME). This journal also included a few paraphrased articles from contemporary British medical journals, as well as featuring some locally relevant information related to the medical profession. This effort, aimed at academic growth, made by the subordinate medical staff of MME and not by the mainstream, higher-qualified medical personnel, impresses as valiant and daring.

Background Transmission of the delta variant resulted in a surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in New Delhi, India, during the early half of the year 2021. Healthcare workers (HCWs) received vaccines on priority for the prevention of infection. We estimated the effectiveness of the BBV152 vaccine among HCWs against SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, or death. Methods This retrospective cohort study was done at a multi-speciality tertiary care public-funded hospital in New Delhi, India. 12 237 HCWs participated in the study. The intervention was the BBV152 whole virion inactivated vaccine (Covaxin, Bharat Biotech Limited, Hyderabad, administered two doses four weeks apart). The outcome measures were vaccine effectiveness against any SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic infection, or hospitalization or death. Results The mean (SD) age of HCWs was 36 (11) years, 66% were men, and 16% had comorbid conditions. After adjusting for potential covariates-age, sex, health worker type category, body mass index, and comorbid conditions, the vaccine effectiveness (95% confidence interval) in fully vaccinated HCWs and >14 days after receipt of the second dose was 44% (37 to 51, p<0.001) against sympto-matic infection, hospitalization or death due to SARS-CoV-2, and 61% (37 to 76, p<0.001) against hospitalization or death, respectively. The partial dose was not effective. Conclusion The BBV152 vaccine, with complete two doses, offered a modest response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in real-life situations against a backdrop of high delta variant community transmission.

We describe a 4-year-old girl with a white reflex since birth, who presented with orbital retinoblastoma, complicated with orbital myiasis as a result of lack of compliance to treatment. The patient was managed with orbital exenteration followed by adjuvant radiation therapy. This case highlights the critical need for creating public health awareness and the importance of early medical attention to prevent such devastating conditions.