Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria最新文献

{"title":"Envejecer en desventaja: factores sociales, deterioro cognitivo y suicidio en adultos mayores en Colombia","authors":"Hernando Santamaría García","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 534-535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validación de la Escala de Trauma Psicosocial (ETAPS) en una muestra de personas víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia","authors":"Areli Sarai Rocha-Payares ,&nbsp;Amalio Blanco ,&nbsp;María Amarís Macías ,&nbsp;Wilson López-López ,&nbsp;Rubén Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Colombian armed conflict has caused psychological damage, and collective wounds in social relationship networks and scenarios. Martín-Baró defined this damage as psychosocial trauma, which led to the definition of its theoretical dimensions and the development of the Psychosocial Trauma Scale (ETAPS).</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To validate the ETAPS in a sample of victims of the Colombian armed conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Instrumental study to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the ETAPS (composed of 61 items) in a sample of 380 adults (80% women and 20% men) who have been victims of the Colombian armed conflict, mostly of internal displacement (91.1%). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, and the discriminatory power of the items, the correlation between factors and the reliability of the scale were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We propose a new version ETAPS 0.2 composed of 39 items grouped into 4 dimensions: Repression and abuse, Threat and fear, Negative intergroup emotions, and Destruction of sociality. The scale shows good levels of reliability, with a range between α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.80 and α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.84.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The scale is an assessment instrument provided with theoretical coherence, which can contribute to the design of psychological and psychosocial intervention strategies and programs aimed at promoting mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 551-562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relación entre consumo de cannabis y depresión en adultos colombianos: el papel moderador del género y la orientación sexual","authors":"Carlos Alejandro Pineda-Roa ,&nbsp;Adalberto Campo-Arias ,&nbsp;Edwin Herazo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>An association was observed between cannabis smoking and depressive symptoms. However, this relationship must be corroborated in a probabilistic sample of Colombian adults, and the moderating role of gender and sexual orientation must be evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To establish the relationship between cannabis use and depression and the moderating role of gender and sexual orientation in adults from the general Colombian population.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A secondary analysis of the National Survey on the Consumption of Psychoactive Substances, ENCSPA-2019 was conducted. The moderating role of gender (sex) and sexual orientation in the relationship between cannabis use and depression was quantified using a moderation analysis (linear logistic regression).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>45,986 adults between 18 and 65 years old (39.8<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->13.8) participated, 58.6% were women, 13.9% were at high risk of depression, 1.2% reported diverse sexual orientation, and 1.6% smoked cannabis during the most recent month. Cannabis smoking was associated with depression (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.04, p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) after adjusting for age, ethnicity, educational level, marital status, and number of children. The sexually diverse population shows a higher risk of cannabis use than the heterosexual population (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.41, p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Sexual orientation moderated the relationship between cannabis smoking and depression (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.16, t<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.06, p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) and gender (β<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−0.05, t<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->−5.26, p<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The association of cannabis use with depression is mediated by gender and sexual orientation. More studies are required in the adult Colombian population to investigate other variables related to sexual identity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 632-639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Perceived Social Support in the Recovery of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Adolescents and Young Adults: A 24-Month Longitudinal Study in Three South American Cities","authors":"Natalia Godoy-Casasbuenas ,&nbsp;Carlos Gómez-Restrepo ,&nbsp;Nelcy Rodríguez Malagón ,&nbsp;Francisco Diez-Canseco ,&nbsp;Daniela Ramirez-Meneses ,&nbsp;Sumiko Flores ,&nbsp;Luis Ignacio Brusco ,&nbsp;Fernando Luis Carbonetti ,&nbsp;Natividad Olivar ,&nbsp;Victoria Bird ,&nbsp;James B. Kirkbride ,&nbsp;Stefan Priebe ,&nbsp;José Miguel Uribe-Restrepo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Mental disorders, including depression and anxiety, present a substantial burden for adolescents and young adults in Latin America, where socio-economic challenges hinder recovery. Perceived social support (PSS) is a potential protective factor, yet its role in the recovery of common mental disorders in this population is underexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study (2021–2024) followed adolescents (15–16 years) and young adults (20–24 years) in disadvantaged neighborhoods of Bogotá, Buenos Aires, and Lima. Depression and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-8, GAD-7) and PSS (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support) were assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months. A longitudinal multivariable model using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) examined associations between PSS and recovery, adjusting for sociodemographic and psychosocial factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 1437 participants, 70.5% completed the 24-month follow-up. Higher PSS was associated with greater recovery. Recovery for depressive and anxiety symptoms was statistically significantly higher among participants reporting medium (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 2.77; 95% CI: 1.70–4.51) and high (aOR: 5.05; 95% CI: 3.03–8.43) levels of total PSS compared with those with low PSS. Support from family and friends were both statistically significantly associated with recovery. After adjustment, the odds of recovery were elevated for people with medium (aOR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.71–3.89) and high (aOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.06–4.74) levels of support from friends. Interaction analyses revealed that age, resilience and employment modified these associations; with stronger effects in younger participants (15–16 vs. 20–24 years), those employed, and those with high levels of resilience (≥28).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Social support, especially from family and friends, enhances recovery from depression and anxiety, with resilience, employment and age modulating these effects. Strengthening support networks and resilience-building interventions may improve mental health outcomes in vulnerable youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio etnográfico del suicidio indígena en la Amazonía colombiana: riesgo suicida comparado con la población no indígena y análisis del subregistro de los datos oficiales","authors":"Miguel Ángel Estévez Paz ,&nbsp;Florentino Moreno Martín ,&nbsp;Elena Ayllón Alonso ,&nbsp;Alejandro Díaz-Guerra Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2023.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2023.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>This article presents the results of a comparison between the suicide risk of the indigenous population and the non-indigenous population in the Colombian Department of Amazonas (Study<!--> <!-->1). The comparison spans the period from 2008 to 2016. Additionally, an analysis of the official underreporting of indigenous suicides during the same period is conducted using an ethnographic approach. The analysis was carried out in 16 «resguardos» (indigenous territories) belonging to the above-mentioned Department, which have a census population of 8785 self-identified indigenous individuals (Study<!--> <!-->2).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In the first study, officially registered suicide cases within the population self-identified as indigenous (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->19,000) were examined in contrast to suicides in the non-indigenous population, based on official census data (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->24,744).</div><div>In study<!--> <!-->2, the number of identified indigenous suicides in the ethnographic study sample (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->8785) was compared with the officially registered indigenous suicides in the entire indigenous population according to the official census of the Department (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->19,000).</div></div><div><h3>Results/conclusions</h3><div>In study<!--> <!-->1, the estimated odds ratio (OR) was 2.7072, suggesting that the risk of suicide among indigenous individuals was 2.7 times higher than that among non-indigenous individuals in the Department of Amazonas between 2008 and 2016. In the second study, an odds ratio (OR) of 3.0258 was obtained, suggesting that in the Amazonas Department, only one out of every three indigenous suicides were officially recorded during the period from 2008 to 2016.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 572-580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19: una revisión de revisiones","authors":"Lina Marcela Charry Osorio ,&nbsp;Lina Madeleyne Lozano Arango ,&nbsp;Mónica Tattiana Duarte Babativa ,&nbsp;Luz Ángela Rojas Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The COVID-19 health emergency generated great work pressure in health institutions, causing the appearance of mental disorders such as stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia and post-traumatic stress in health workers. The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A review of reviews published from January 1, 2020 to April 30, 2023 was carried out in the Pubmed, Scopus and Scielo databases. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Information was extracted from 42 systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. Information was extracted from 42 systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis. The most common mental health disorders in health workers were anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, stress, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Risk factors were identified as being a woman, being a nursing professional, being front-line healthcare workers, working in an intensive care unit (ICU), having lack of access to personal protective equipment and having insufficient knowledge about the disease. The most used tool to improve the coping of health professionals was staff training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Healthcare workers who faced the COVID-19 pandemic had a high prevalence of mental disorders. It is necessary to formulate policies and implement strategies that prevent mental disorders and promote mental health in professionals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 665-679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Suicide Attempt Surveillance System in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, 2016–2019","authors":"Gisel Viviana Osorio-Cuéllar ,&nbsp;Lyda Osorio","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Suicidal behaviors are one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. It is recommended to prioritize the surveillance of suicide attempts, as this is a useful risk factor in the short-term prediction of suicide. In Colombia, its surveillance was implemented in 2016. The study evaluated the performance of the suicide attempt surveillance system in Cali, Colombia, in the period 2016–2019.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The attributes of timeliness, data quality and representativeness were evaluated according to the CDC Guidelines for Violence and Injury Surveillance, in addition to describing patterns of occurrence through time series.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median timeliness of notification was 0 days (RIQ<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->3). The variables exposure to violence (73.5%), depressive disorder (49.6%) and personality disorder (44.1%) had the highest percentages of missing data. The system identifies priority populations similar to other sources of information, such as young people between 15 and 24 years of age (28.1%), women (64.8%), students (35.5%) and the single population (69.6%); triggering factors such as relationship problems (35.6%), economic problems (13.7%) and serious illness (7%); and mechanisms used such as intoxication (61.6%), short stabbing weapon (27.6%) and hanging (5.3%). The system predicts 22 cases (95% CI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21.6–22.3) per week of attempted suicide in the short term.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The system meets the attributes of quality, timeliness and representativeness. It also allows the identification of an expected threshold of cases that needs to be validated to detect outbreak situations. This study contributes to the knowledge and prevention of the suicidal phenomenon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 563-571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Social Support Modify the Association Between Having a Severely Ill or Injured Relative or Partner With Mental Distress Among Latin American Adolescents and Young Adults?","authors":"Sumiko Flores ,&nbsp;Ana L. Vilela-Estrada ,&nbsp;Adriana Carbonel ,&nbsp;Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Diliniya Stanislaus Sureshkumar ,&nbsp;Catherine Fung ,&nbsp;Luis Ignacio Brusco ,&nbsp;Natividad Olivar ,&nbsp;Fernando Luis Carbonetti ,&nbsp;Carlos Gómez-Restrepo ,&nbsp;Karen Ariza-Salazar ,&nbsp;Francisco Diez-Canseco ,&nbsp;Stefan Priebe","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between having a relative or partner with a severe illness or injury and symptoms of depression and anxiety, and to explore whether perceived social support modifies this relationship.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This case–control study focuses on young people aged 15–16 and 20–24 living in deprived areas of Buenos Aires, Bogotá, and Lima. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured using PHQ-8 and GAD-7. Logistic regression models were used, stratified by levels of perceived social support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2342 participants, those with a severely ill or injured relative or partner had increased odds of reporting depression and anxiety symptoms. When the event occurred in the last year, low perceived social support was linked to higher odds of depression (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5.08) and anxiety (OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.89). High support reduced only the risk of depression symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings align with evidence from other international contexts and highlight the importance of early interventions in situations involving serious health problems of relatives or a partner. Strengthening social support may buffer the psychological impact caused by such events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 ","pages":"Pages 43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145529451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Perception of Risky Consumption and Emotional Factors Associated With Electronic Nicotine and Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic","authors":"Salomón Salazar-Londoño ,&nbsp;Felipe Botero-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Juanita Moreno-Contreras ,&nbsp;Valentina Vanegas-Zamora ,&nbsp;Carlos Gómez-Restrepo ,&nbsp;Gabriel Fernando Oviedo-Lugo","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Because the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic fostered an environment marked by limitations for social encounters and emotional fluctuations, it is essential to determine the variations in the consumption of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Electronic Non-nicotine Delivery Systems (ENNDS) during this period in young Colombians between 18 and 25 years of age, evaluating the emotional factors that affect the consumption mentioned above and the risky consumption.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After collecting data through a virtual survey, in this cross-sectional study a mainly descriptive analysis of variables related to the consumption of ENDS and ENNDS was carried out in parallel with three different mental health outcomes: depression, anxiety, and loneliness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most participants reported a decrease or cessation of their consumption during the restrictive measures, which is consistent with the fact that more than half said that consumption was limited to social gatherings. Additionally, anxiety and loneliness symptoms are more present in those participants with risky consumption than those who do not.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the consumption of ENDS and ENNDS has a social predominance, there may be factors that modulate it. For this reason, it is essential to deepen research on this topic to propose public health strategies that allow this consumption to be mitigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 536-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Feminization of Migrations: Psychosocial and Mental Health Aspects of Venezuelan Women in Colombia","authors":"Silvia Gaviria ,&nbsp;Renato D. Alarcón ,&nbsp;Miriam Lucio ,&nbsp;Elvia Velásquez ,&nbsp;Alina Uribe ,&nbsp;Antonio Lozano-Vargas ,&nbsp;José Ordoñez-Mancheno","doi":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rcp.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Review the sociodemographic and psychosocial conditions related to female migration from Venezuela to Colombia, with emphasis on psychosocial and mental health factors.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The information was extracted from reports from international organizations, demographic surveys and articles published in different scientific media. Based on this information, different topics are analyzed considering statistical values, conditions and presentation of different variables that affect the quality of life and mental health of migrant Venezuelan women and their families.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The studies and sources reviewed show that they allow us to infer that the Venezuelan migrant status and gender are factors that strongly affect access to employment, health and decent housing, with women in an irregular migratory situation being the most affected. Likewise, stereotypes, xenophobic events, and gender-based violence negatively impact access to services and mental health.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It is necessary to continue building programs aimed at the needs of the female population, since migration accentuates gender gaps and negatively impacts mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52477,"journal":{"name":"Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria","volume":"54 4","pages":"Pages 680-688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}