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Survey of Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Araneae) spiders from Yunnan, China 标题云南蛛形纲蜘蛛的调查
Pub Date : 2022-12-27 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.8.1.1
M. Irfan, Zhisheng Zhang, Xian-jin Peng
An extensive survey of Linyphiidae spiders during 1988–2006 in the Gaoligong Mountains and the adjacent areas of Yunnan Province revealed 110 species belonging to 53 genera, including seven new genera and 76 new species: Absconditus gen. nov., Absconditus acerus sp. nov. (♂♀); Amfractus gen. nov., A. dentefaberis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Bathyphantes Blackwall, 1859, A. acutala sp. nov. (♂♀); A. thailandica Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 (♀); Auricula gen. nov., A. aeda sp. nov. (♂♀), A. rutunda sp. nov. (♀), A. sanchaheensis sp. nov. (♀), A. triangulara sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Bathyphantes Blackwall, 1859, B. ansulis sp. nov. (♂♀), B. gracilis (Blackwall, 1841) (♂), B. longiscapus sp. nov. (♂♀), B. magnis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Bolyphantes C. L. Koch, 1837, B. lishadiensis sp. nov. (♀), B. lushuiensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Capsulia Saaristo, Tu & Li, 2006, C. tianmushana (Chen & Song, 1987) (♂♀); Genus Caviphantes Oi, 1960, C. catomidius sp. nov. (♂♀), C. pseudosaxetorum Wunderlich, 1979 (♀); Genus Ceratinella Emerton, 1882, C. acutalum sp. nov. (♂); Genus Cirrosus Zhao & Li, 2014, C. atrocaudatus Zhao & Li, 2014 (♀); Genus Collinsia O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1913, C. denticulata sp. nov. (♂♀), C. inerrans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) (♂♀); Genus Conglin Zhao & Li, 2014, C. personatus Zhao and Li, 2014 (♀); Cristatus gen. nov., C. anfractus sp. nov. (♂♀), C. makuensis sp. nov. (♂♀); Genus Curtimeticus Zhao & Li, 2014, C. rutundus sp. nov. (♀); Genus Erigone Audouin, 1826, E. ansula sp. nov. (♂♀), E. atra Blackwall, 1833 (♂♀), E. prominens Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (♂♀), E. sinensis Schenkel, 1936 (♂♀); Genus Frontinellina van Helsdingen, 1969 (new to China), F. gemalakaensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Gnathonarium Karsch, 1881, G. dentatum (Wider, 1834) (♂♀), G. gibberum Oi, 1960 (♂♀), G. taczanowskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) (♀); Genus Gongylidiellum Simon, 1884, G. acerosus sp. nov. (♂); Genus Gongylidioides Oi, 1960, G. laqueus sp. nov. (♀), G. lingulatus sp. nov. (♀); Genus Gongylidium Menge, 1868, G. bifurcatus sp. nov. (♂♀), G. manibus sp. nov. (♂); Gracilentus gen. nov., G. denticulatus sp. nov. (♂♀), G. serratus sp. nov. (♀), G. tenchongensis sp. nov. (♀); Genus Himalaphantes Tanasevitch, 1992, H. aduncus sp. nov. (♂♀), H. azumiensis (Oi, 1979) (♂♀), H. auriculus sp. nov. (♀), H. fugongensis sp. nov. (♀), H. gyratus sp. nov. (♀), H. pseudoaduncus sp. nov. (♂), H. pulae sp. nov. (♀); Genus Houshenzinus Tanasevitch, 2006, H. tengchongensis Irfan & Peng, 2018 (♂♀) (male new to science); Genus Hylyphantes Simon, 1884, H. graminicola (Sundevall, 1830) (♂♀), H. spirellus Tu & Li, 2005 (♂); Genus Ketambea Millidge & Russell-Smith, 1992, K. acuta Tanasevitch, 2017 (♂♀), K. aseptifera sp. nov. (♀), K. falcata sp. nov. (♀), K. septifera sp. nov. (♀); Genus Laogone Tanasevitch, 2014, L. lunata Zhao & Li, 2014 (♂♀); Genus Lepthyphantes Menge, 1866, L. cordis sp. nov. (♂♀), L. serratus sp. nov. (♂); Genus Linyphia Latreille, 1804, L. gaoshidongensis sp. nov. (♀), L. pengdan
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引用次数: 3
An inordinate fondness for inconspicuous brown frogs: integration of phylogenomics, archival DNA analysis, morphology, and bioacoustics yields 24 new taxa in the subgenus Brygoomantis (genus Mantidactylus) from Madagascar 对不显眼的棕色青蛙的极度喜爱:系统基因组学、档案DNA分析、形态学和生物声学的整合,在马达加斯加的Brygoomantis亚属(Mantidactylus属)中发现了24个新的分类群
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.7.2.1
Mark D. Scherz, A. Crottini, C. Hutter, Andrea Hildenbrand, F. Andreone, T. Fulgence, G. Köhler, S. Ndriantsoa, A. Ohler, M. Preick, Andolalao Rakotoarison, Loïs Rancilhac, A. P. Raselimanana, Jana C. Riemann, Mark‐Oliver Rödel, G. Rosa, Jeffrey W. Streicher, D. Vieites, J. Köhler, M. Hofreiter, F. Glaw, M. Vences
Malagasy frogs of the subgenus Brygoomantis in the mantellid frog genus Mantidactylus currently comprise 14 described species of mostly brown, riparian frogs. Data from DNA barcoding suggested that the diversity of this subgenus is dramatically underestimated by current taxonomy. We here provide a comprehensive revision of this subgenus. We use hybrid-enrichment based DNA barcode fishing to obtain mitochondrial DNA fragments from the name-bearing type material of 16 of the 20 available names for members of this subgenus, and integrate these into a genetic dataset consisting of 1305 individuals sampled across Madagascar. By thus assigning the nomina to genetic lineages, we can confidently establish synonyms, revalidate old names, and describe the remaining diversity. We take an integrative approach to our descriptions, drawing together genetics, morphometrics and morphology, and bioacoustics for assignment. We also provide a robust phylogenomic hypothesis for the subgenus, based on 12,951 nuclear-encoded markers (almost 10 million base pairs) for 58 representative samples, sequenced using a hybrid-enrichment bait set for amphibians. Those data suggest a division of the subgenus into eight major clades and shows that morphological species complexes are often paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Lectotypes are designated for Rana betsileana Boulenger, 1882; Rana biporus Boulenger, 1889; Rana curta Boulenger, 1882; Mantidactylus ambohimitombi Boulenger, 1918; Mantidactylus tripunctatus Angel, 1930; and Rana inaudax Peracca, 1893. For several other nomina, previous authors had considered a certain syntype as holotype; this has been seen as lectotype designation by implication, which, however, is ambiguous according to the provisions of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Hence, we validate a previous lectotype designation by implication for Limnodytes ulcerosus Boettger, 1880 by explicitly designating the same individual as lectotype. In one other such case, that of Mantidactylus brauni Ahl, 1929, we deviate from previous authors and designate a different specimen as lectotype. We revalidate Rana inaudax Peracca, 1893 as Mantidactylus inaudax (Peracca, 1893) bona species, and Mantidactylus tripunctatus Angel, 1930 bona species. The identities of three further species (M. ambohimitombi, M. biporus, M. tricinctus) are largely redefined based on new genetic data. By designating the lectotype of Rana aluta (MZUT An725.1) as the neotype of Mantidactylus laevis Angel, 1929 we also stabilize the latter nomen (as junior synonym of M. alutus) whose original type material is lost. Based on DNA sequences of its lectotype, we consider Mantidactylus brauni Ahl, 1929 as junior synonym of M. ulcerosus (rather than M. biporus). We formally name 20 new species and four new subspecies: M. ambohimitombi marefo ssp. nov., M. ambohimitombi miloko ssp. nov., M. mahery sp. nov., M. steinfartzi sp. nov., M. incognitus sp. nov., M. jonasi sp. nov., M. katae sp. nov.,
Mantidactylus的mantellid蛙属中的Brygoomantis亚属的马达加斯加蛙目前包括14个已描述的物种,主要是棕色的河岸蛙。来自DNA条形码的数据表明,该亚属的多样性被当前的分类学严重低估。我们在这里提供了这个亚属的全面修订。我们使用基于杂交富集的DNA条形码捕鱼,从该亚属成员的20个可用名称中的16个的同名类型材料中获得线粒体DNA片段,并将其整合到由马达加斯加各地1305个样本组成的遗传数据集中。通过将名称分配给遗传谱系,我们可以自信地建立同义词,重新验证旧名称,并描述剩余的多样性。我们采取综合的方法来描述我们的描述,将遗传学,形态计量学和形态学以及生物声学结合起来进行分配。我们还基于58个代表性样本的12951个核编码标记(近1000万个碱基对),对该亚属进行了强大的系统基因组假设,并使用两栖动物的杂交富集诱饵集进行了测序。这些数据表明亚属分为八个主要分支,并表明形态物种复合体通常是副系或多系的。选型被指定为Rana betsileana Boulenger, 1882;Rana biporus Boulenger, 1889;Rana curta Boulenger, 1882;Mantidactylus ambohimitombi Boulenger 1918;三角螳螂,1930;和Rana inaudax Peracca, 1893年。对于其他几种命名,以前的作者认为某一模式为全型;这被认为是一种含蓄的选择型命名,然而,根据《国际动物命名法》的规定,这是不明确的。因此,我们通过对Limnodytes ulcerosus Boettger, 1880年明确指定同一个体为lectotype来验证先前的lectotype指定。在另一个这样的案例中,即1929年的Mantidactylus brauni Ahl,我们偏离了以前的作者,并指定了一个不同的标本作为选型。我们重新验证了1893年Peracca Rana inaudax inaudax (Peracca, 1893)和1930年Mantidactylus tripunctatus Angel的真伪。另外三个物种(M. ambohimitombi, M. biporus, M. tricinctus)的身份根据新的遗传数据在很大程度上被重新定义。通过指定aluta (MZUT An725.1)的选型作为Mantidactylus laevis Angel, 1929的新型,我们也稳定了后者(作为M. alutus的初级同义词),其原始类型材料已经丢失。根据其选型的DNA序列,我们认为Mantidactylus brauni Ahl, 1929是M. ulcerosus(而不是M. biporus)的初级同义种。我们正式命名了20个新种和4个新亚种:M. ambohimitombi marefo ssp。11月,安波希米·米洛科先生。11月,11月,m . mahery sp. m . steinfartzi sp. 11月,m . incognitus sp. 11月,m . jonasi sp. 11月,m . katae sp. 11月,m . kortei sp. 11月,m . riparius sp. 11月,m . fergusoni sp. 11月,m . georgei sp. 11月,m . jahnarum sp. 11月,m . marintsoai sp. 11月,m . grubenmanni sp. 11月,m . gudrunae sp. 11月,m . augustini sp. 11月,m . bletzae sp. 11月,m . brevirostris sp. 11月,m . eulenbergeri sp. 11月,m . glosi sp. 11月,m . stelliger sp. 11月,m . manerana sp. 11月,m . manerana fotaka ssp。11月,和M. manerana antsanga ssp。11 .基于我们的分类学修订,我们讨论了(i)通过档案DNA分析确定历史名称的重要性;(ii)亚种类别与命名种内地理变异的相关性;(3)分子特征在形态个体差异较大的分类群中正式种诊断中的价值;(iv)利用系统基因组学方法进行分类,通过确认一些形态相似的类群不是彼此的近亲,在一些情况下属于Brygoomantis中完全不同的主要亚支,从而促进了谱系诊断;(v)需要在概率框架中解释遗传距离,而不是使用固定的阈值,因为距离越远,整个基因组中遗传不相容的可能性就越大,从而完成物种形成。
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引用次数: 1
The tragedy of the Natural History Museum, London 伦敦自然历史博物馆的悲剧
Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.7.1.2
F. Naggs
The remit of the Natural History Museum, London, encompasses the whole of the natural world and places it at the forefront of global concerns about human impact on the biosphere. The Museum’s stature as a world leading institution for storing and recording living diversity brings responsibilities, obligations and new prospects. In addition to revealing the genetic evolution of life in considerable detail, advances in molecular biology and cryogenics offer exciting new opportunities to extend beyond the Museum’s traditional role as a storehouse for recording living diversity and to take a lead in biodiversity conservation. In its strategy for the coming decade, the Museum has declared a planetary emergency for which we need an unprecedented response, asserting that we must act now, that we must act on scientific evidence and that we must act together. However, the Museum is no longer led by scientists; its relevant expertise and the prioritisation of its collection-based world-leading role is being rapidly dismantled. It has been taken over by an administrative structure and placed under a government Department that have no notion of the importance of this role. Much of the Museum’s activity is no longer led by science intimately connected to its role as a collections-based institution and its public profile is dominated by journalistic presentations from sources that are widely available to a broad range of the media. Inappropriate leadership and recruitment have diverted its science base in directions that place much of its research within the activities of numerous other academic agencies, undermining the reason and justification for the Museum’s existence. The move of about half of the collections and associated scientific staff to a location outside of London is a self-imposed act of institutional vandalism. It will mutilate a national treasure, not only inflicting a massive and permanent financial burden but also irrevocably damaging the Museum’s, cultural identity and function as an integrated collections and research institution. Rather than responding to a planetary emergency, the Museum is tragically descending into irrelevance.
伦敦自然历史博物馆的职责范围涵盖了整个自然世界,并将其置于全球关注人类对生物圈影响的最前沿。作为储存和记录生物多样性的世界领先机构,博物馆的地位带来了责任、义务和新的前景。除了相当详细地揭示生命的遗传进化之外,分子生物学和低温学的进步提供了令人兴奋的新机会,使博物馆超越了记录生物多样性的传统角色,并在生物多样性保护方面发挥带头作用。在未来十年的战略中,博物馆宣布了一个全球性的紧急情况,我们需要前所未有的回应,声称我们必须现在就采取行动,我们必须根据科学证据采取行动,我们必须共同行动。然而,博物馆不再由科学家领导;它的相关专业知识和其以收藏为基础的世界领先地位的优先地位正在迅速消失。它已被一个行政结构所接管,并置于一个不了解这一作用重要性的政府部门之下。博物馆的大部分活动不再以科学为主导,这与它作为一个以收藏为基础的机构的角色密切相关,它的公众形象主要由新闻报道所主导,这些报道的来源广泛地提供给各种媒体。不适当的领导和招聘使其科学基础转向了许多其他学术机构的研究活动,破坏了博物馆存在的理由和理由。将大约一半的藏品和相关的科学人员搬到伦敦以外的地方是一种自我强加的机构破坏行为。这将破坏一项国宝,不仅造成巨大而永久性的财政负担,还将不可挽回地损害博物馆的文化身份和作为一个综合收藏和研究机构的功能。博物馆非但没有对全球的紧急情况作出反应,反而可悲地变得无关紧要。
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引用次数: 6
A review of Chelonian type specimens (order Testudines) 龟类模式标本(龟目)综述
Pub Date : 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.7.1.1
J. Iverson
Type specimens are the cornerstones of modern taxonomy and systematics, and should be the starting point of any study of diversity, especially considering the increasing ability to sample them genetically.  However, no compilation of type material (beyond holotypes) exists for turtles (Order Testudines). This is the first attempt to locate and compile a list of all type specimens (holotypes, paratypes, syntypes, lectotypes, neotypes, etc.) for all described turtles, whether currently recognized or synonymized. A total of 1222 named taxa are included here (including synonyms), but only 875 of them (71.6%) have at least one identified type specimen (excluding neotypes and iconotypes). Part or all of the type series for another 102 taxa are considered lost. This list represents a 45-year search effort, and although still incomplete, should benefit current and future turtle systematicists, as well as direct ongoing efforts to locate type specimens still missing.
模式标本是现代分类学和系统学的基石,应该是任何多样性研究的起点,特别是考虑到对它们进行遗传取样的能力日益增强。然而,没有海龟(龟目)的模式资料汇编(除了全模式)。这是第一次尝试定位和编制所有被描述的海龟的所有模式标本(全型、准型、正型、选型、新型等)的清单,无论是目前已识别的还是同义的。本文共收录了1222个已命名的分类群(包括近义词),但其中只有875个(71.6%)至少有一个已确定的模式标本(不包括新型和象型)。另外102个分类群的部分或全部类型系列被认为已经丢失。这份名单代表了一项历时45年的搜索工作,尽管仍不完整,但应该有利于当前和未来的海龟系统学家,并指导正在进行的寻找仍然缺失的模式标本的工作。
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引用次数: 4
Revision of Ischnopelta Stål, 1868 with the description of twenty new species (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae) Ischnopelta stapal, 1868修订,附20新种描述(半翅目:蝽科:棘头蝇科)
Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.6.2.3
P. Rosso, L. A. Campos
Ischnopelta Stål, 1868 is a Discocephalini genus with three known species, I. scutellata (Signoret, 1851), I. oblonga (Fieber, 1851), and I. luteicornis (Walker, 1867), and distribution restricted to South America. The examination of 284 specimens from several localities in Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Argentina, and Paraguay, revealed the existence of new species. Measurements of 24 morphometric parameters were taken using stereomicroscope and tpsDig2 version 2.16 from images captured with an MShot MD50 camera coupled to a Techno RZ stereomicroscope and edited in MShot DIS version 1.1. The genitalia of both sexes was dissected upon specimen availability, digested in KOH 10%, dehydrated in ethanol 70%, stained in Congo red (when needed), and preserved in liquid glycerin. Photographs were made in a Nikon AZ100M stereomicroscope, and a focus stacking procedure was done with Nikon NIS-Elements Ar Microscope Imaging Software. Drawings were produced over the images with a vectorial image processor. In this work Ischnopelta is revised, I. scutellata and I. luteicornis are redescribed, and keys to males and females of the species are proposed. We describe 20 new species: I. alalonga sp. n., I. anangulata sp. n., I. bechyneorum sp. n., I. confusa sp. n., I. coralinae sp. n., I. cordiformis sp. n., I. crassula sp. n., I. cristulata sp. n., I. cylindrata sp. n., I. guarani sp. n., I. impunctata sp. n., I. magna sp. n., I. marginella sp. n., I. montana sp. n., I. paiagua sp. n., I. parvula sp. n., I. pellucidula sp. n., I. ruckesi sp. n., I. vellozia sp. n., and I. wigodzinskyi sp. n.. We were unable to locate the syntypes of I. oblonga (Fieber, 1851) and the species is treated here as incertae sedis.
Ischnopelta stapul, 1868年,是一个有3个已知种的石头虫属,分别是I. scutellata (Signoret, 1851年)、I. oblonga (Fieber, 1851年)和I. luteicornis (Walker, 1867年),分布于南美洲。对来自委内瑞拉、巴西、玻利维亚、阿根廷和巴拉圭几个地方的284个标本的检查发现了新物种的存在。使用MShot MD50相机和Techno RZ立体显微镜拍摄的图像,在MShot DIS 1.1版中编辑,使用体视显微镜和tpsDig2 2.16版本对24个形态参数进行测量。两性生殖器在获得标本后解剖,在10%的KOH中消化,70%的乙醇中脱水,用刚果红染色(必要时),并在液体甘油中保存。在尼康AZ100M立体显微镜下拍摄照片,使用尼康NIS-Elements Ar显微镜成像软件完成焦点堆叠程序。使用矢量图像处理器在图像上生成绘图。本文对Ischnopelta进行了修订,重新描述了I. scutellata和I. luteicornis,并提出了该物种雄性和雌性的关键。我们描述20新物种:即alalonga sp. n,即anangulata sp. n,即bechyneorum sp. n,即confusa sp. n,即coralinae sp. n,即cordiformis sp. n,即crassula sp. n,即cristulata sp. n,即cylindrata sp. n,即瓜拉尼sp. n,即impunctata sp. n,麦格纳sp. n。,i marginella sp. n,蒙大拿sp. n。,i paiagua sp. n,即parvula sp. n,即pellucidula sp. n,即ruckesi sp. n,即vellozia sp. n。,和i wigodzinskyi sp. n . .我们无法确定长叶蠓的分型(Fieber, 1851),因此本文将该物种作为incertae sedis处理。
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引用次数: 1
Virtual Equivalents of Real Objects (VEROs): A type of non-fungible token (NFT) that can help fund the 3D digitization of natural history collections 实物的虚拟等值物(VEROs):一种不可替代的代币(NFT),可以帮助资助自然历史藏品的3D数字化
Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.6.2.2
Samuel J. Bolton, Joe Cora
Describing a substantial proportion of the world’s species could be made much easier by the 3D digitization of collections, which would facilitate the dissemination of taxonomic information locked up in natural history museums. Three-dimensional imaging captures many characters and allows a lot of versatility in the way that morphological data is displayed and used (Wheeler et al. 2012; Faulwetter et al. 2013). Moreover, the loss and damage of valuable specimens, many of which are very fragile, can be reduced as a result of the use and sharing of 3D model substitutes among researchers. This can also lead to a reduction in the handling and transportation expenses of many specimens.
对世界上相当大一部分物种的描述可以通过藏品的3D数字化变得更加容易,这将促进锁在自然历史博物馆里的分类信息的传播。三维成像捕获许多字符,并允许在形态数据的显示和使用方式上具有很大的通用性(Wheeler等人,2012;Faulwetter et al. 2013)。此外,由于研究人员之间使用和共享3D模型替代品,许多非常脆弱的珍贵标本的丢失和损坏可以减少。这也可以减少许多标本的处理和运输费用。
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引用次数: 6
Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata) 数不清的物种多样性:与海鞘类(尾鞘目)共生的桡足类动物之一——舌藻科(桡足目:Cyclopoida)的物种丰富程度令人惊叹。
Pub Date : 2020-12-24 DOI: 10.11646/MEGATAXA.4.1.1
Il-Hoi Kim, G. Boxshall
Detailed study of the Monniot collection of copepods belonging to the family Notodelphyidae has revealed an extraordinary diversity of novel taxa. With rare exceptions notodelphyids live in association with ascidians and the Monniot collection was built up over several decades of field collecting and taxonomic research on the ascidian hosts by Drs Claude & Françoise Monniot (MNHN, Paris). This paper describes a total of 178 new species of notodelphyids from ascidian hosts and 37 new genera are established: Bathynotodelphys gen.nov., Pronotodelphys gen. nov., Ooishillgia gen. nov., Nobinerilla gen. nov., Notopygus gen. nov., Chelipygus gen. nov., Sympygus gen. nov., Vaoda gen. nov., Gosbia gen. nov., Pentachaetus gen. nov., Diceratus gen. nov., Prodoroixys gen. nov., Notoixys gen. nov., Borixys gen. nov., Cystixys gen. nov., Ammonixys gen. nov., Ctenixys gen. nov., Ademoixys gen. nov., Gallincola gen. nov., Scoliosoma gen. nov., Contoura gen. nov., Unimeria gen. nov., Mecodelphys gen. nov., Tubipedia gen. nov., Procampodelphys gen. nov., Janius gen. nov., Campodelphys gen. nov., Hamaticoxa gen. nov., Adrodelphys gen. nov., Phyllodelphys gen. nov., Lissodelphys gen. nov., Nodoscarus gen. nov., Diblastus gen. nov., Chilodelphys gen. nov., Scaridelphys gen. nov., Socotradelphys gen. nov., and Aplodelphys gen. nov. Prior to this study the Notodelphyidae comprised exactly 200 valid species classified in 46 genera, a mean species richness of 4.3 species per genus. After the addition of the new taxa described here, the family now comprises 378 species in 83 genera, a mean species richness of 4.6 species per genus. Generic diagnoses are provided for all genera represented in the collection and the availability of a wider range of taxa has allowed certain generic boundaries to be better defined, resulting in transfers of species between genera and the recognition of 16 new combinations. A further 51 existing species are also reported, and brief supplementary notes or full redescriptions are provided as appropriate.
对Monniot桡足动物标本的详细研究揭示了该物种的多样性。除了极少数例外,notodelphyids与海鞘动物生活在一起,Monniot收集是由Claude和franoise Monniot博士(巴黎MNHN)在几十年的现场收集和海鞘宿主的分类研究中建立起来的。本文报道了来自海鞘寄主的notodelphys共178个新种,建立了37个新属:Bathynotodelphys gen.nov;11 .,原翅虫gen. 11,黄翅虫gen. 11,白翅虫gen. 11,白翅虫gen. 11,白翅虫gen. 11,沃达gen. 11, Gosbia gen. 11,五毛虫gen. 11, Diceratus gen. 11,原翅虫gen. 11,白翅虫gen. 11,灰翅虫gen. 11,绿翅虫gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11,鹦鹉螺gen. 11。在此研究之前,该科共有46属200种有效物种,平均物种丰富度为每属4.3种,平均物种丰富度为每属4.3种。新分类群加入后,该科共有83属378种,平均物种丰富度为4.6种/属。对收集到的所有属都进行了属型诊断,而且由于分类群范围的扩大,某些属型边界得到了更好的界定,从而实现了属间物种的转移,并发现了16种新的组合。此外,亦报告了51个现存物种,并在适当情况下提供简短的补充说明或完整的重新描述。
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引用次数: 4
All genera of the world: an overview and estimates based on the March 2020 release of the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG) 世界所有物种:基于2020年3月发布的《海洋和非海洋物种临时登记》(IRMNG)的概述和估计
Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.1.2.3
Anthony J. J. (Tony) Rees, L. Vandepitte, B. Vanhoorne, W. Decock
We give estimated counts of known accepted genera of the world (297,930±65,840, of which approximately 21% are fossil), of a total 492,620 genus names presently held for “all life”, based on the March 2020 release of the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG). A further c. 9,400 accepted genus names are anticipated to have been published over the period 2014–2019 which are not yet included in IRMNG; together with a lower confidence estimate that perhaps an additional 3,000 historic names are also missing from the present version of IRMNG, we therefore estimate that approximately 310,000 accepted generic names have been published to the end of 2019, with the holdings of IRMNG being around 96% complete. A breakdown of the data is presented by phylum and, in some cases, lower taxonomic group such as class or order; the actual lists of names on which the totals are based are available for download via the IRMNG web site and are also included as supplementary data to this paper. These data provide the most complete and consistent coverage of all kingdoms of life presently available in such a form and, despite their “interim” nature (not completely vetted by taxonomic experts, not all genera yet placed to family), serve to illustrate the scope of a project for a more detailed survey of “all genera of the world” as well as providing a comparison with existing lists (for example, to indicate names that may be missed from either side), and preliminary content that can be of value for the compilation of new lists. We note areas (chiefly very recently published names) where present IRMNG data may be incomplete and briefly address other issues encountered in the assembly of such data, including those associated with the construction of a unified and/or consensus classification within which genera and their containing families can be placed.
根据2020年3月发布的《海洋和非海洋属临时登记》(IRMNG),我们给出了世界上已知的公认属的估计数量(297,930±65,840,其中约21%是化石),目前“所有生命”共有492,620个属名。预计在2014-2019年期间,还将有大约9,400个已被接受的属名发表,这些属名尚未纳入IRMNG;再加上较低的置信度估计,目前版本的IRMNG中可能还有3,000个历史名称缺失,因此我们估计,到2019年底,已发布的通用名称约为31万个,IRMNG的持有量约为96%。数据的分类以门为单位,在某些情况下,以较低的分类群如纲或目为单位;统计总数所依据的实际名单可从IRMNG网站下载,也可作为本文的补充数据。这些数据以这种形式提供了目前可用的所有生命王国的最完整和一致的覆盖范围,尽管它们是“临时的”性质(未经过分类学专家的完全审查,并非所有属都尚未归入科),但它们有助于说明对“世界上所有属”进行更详细调查的项目的范围,并提供与现有列表的比较(例如,指出双方可能遗漏的名称)。以及对编制新榜单有价值的初步内容。我们注意到目前IRMNG数据可能不完整的领域(主要是最近公布的名称),并简要说明在收集这些数据时遇到的其他问题,包括与构建统一和/或共识分类有关的问题,这些分类可以将属及其包含科置于其中。
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引用次数: 5
The promise of next-generation taxonomy 下一代分类学的前景
Pub Date : 2020-01-31 DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.1.1.6
M. Vences
Documenting, naming and classifying the diversity of life on Earth provides baseline information on the biosphere, which is crucially important to understand and mitigate the global changes of the Anthropocene. We should meet three main challenges, using new technological developments without throwing the well-tried and successful foundations of Linnaean nomenclature overboard. 1. Fully embrace cybertaxonomy, machine learning and DNA taxonomy to ease, not burden the workflow of taxonomists. 2. Emphasize diagnosis over description, images over words. 3. Understand promises and pitfalls of omics approaches to avoid taxonomic inflation.
记录、命名和分类地球上的生命多样性提供了关于生物圈的基本信息,这对于理解和减轻人类世的全球变化至关重要。我们应该迎接三个主要的挑战:利用新技术的发展,而不是抛弃林奈命名法中久经考验的成功基础。1. 完全接受网络分类法、机器学习和DNA分类法,以减轻分类学家的工作流程,而不是负担。2. 强调诊断而不是描述,强调图像而不是文字。3.了解组学方法的承诺和陷阱,以避免分类膨胀。
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引用次数: 16
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Megataxa
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