Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1140
Hozan Hameed, Samir Nehme, Salah Obaid
The aim of the research is to understant the nature of the reciprocal relationship that exists in Iraq between the public budget and the trade balance. This understanding can be attained by monitoring their impacts on overall supply and demand as well as how these variables are mirrored in the inflation phenomenon. Along with measuring and analyzing the causal relationship's direction, the research also examines the impact of Iraq's general budget deficit and trade balance on the country's overall level of prices from 2004 to 2020.The annual data was used from its official sources. The study assumed that the deficit in the Iraqi economy is a double deficit and it is directed from the trade balance towards the public budget, causing inflation, due to the nominal financial wealth that we possess, since the economy is rentier. The study used the analytical descriptive approach in the theoretical side as well as the quantitative approach in the applied side with the use of the structural autoregressive vector (SVAR) model. The study concluded that there is a causal relationship between the net public budget and the net trade balance. The impact of net shocks on inflation from the public budget is relatively weak.. As for the net trade balance variable, its contribution to changes in the inflation rate was large as a result of the weakness of the local productive sectors and the heavy dependence on imports from abroad to meet local demand.
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Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1200
Chaware Saleh, Saya Ahmed
This study is an attempt to analyze the plot of Ehmedê Xanî(1650-1707)’s Mem and Zin based on Vladimir Propp’s (1895-1970) Narrative Theory who is a Soviet folklorist. The effort is to find out how many functions have appeared in the epic and to point out seven broad character types that are mentioned by Propp in his most famous book the Morphology of the Folktale (1928). There are several theories that analyze some basic elements of stories, such as Joseph John Campbell’s “The Hero’s Journey” and Maureen Murdock’s “The Heroine’s Journey”. But among all, this paper has chosen a narratology structuralism study which has been explained by Propp. His theory is one of the well-spread theories and views all literature genres in the form of certain fixed structures.
{"title":"Analyzing the Epic of Mem and Zin According to Vladimir Propp’s Narratology","authors":"Chaware Saleh, Saya Ahmed","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.4.1200","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to analyze the plot of Ehmedê Xanî(1650-1707)’s Mem and Zin based on Vladimir Propp’s (1895-1970) Narrative Theory who is a Soviet folklorist. The effort is to find out how many functions have appeared in the epic and to point out seven broad character types that are mentioned by Propp in his most famous book the Morphology of the Folktale (1928). There are several theories that analyze some basic elements of stories, such as Joseph John Campbell’s “The Hero’s Journey” and Maureen Murdock’s “The Heroine’s Journey”. But among all, this paper has chosen a narratology structuralism study which has been explained by Propp. His theory is one of the well-spread theories and views all literature genres in the form of certain fixed structures.","PeriodicalId":52594,"journal":{"name":"goevr znstYn mroevyaety y znkoey zkhoe","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1149
Dilbreen Abdullah, Fakhir Mohammed
The current study investigates the use of fillers produced by a sample of 80 Kurdish EFL university students (males and females), freshers and seniors, in relation to speaking fluency. The general methodological procedures of discourse analysis (hence, DA) by Potter and Wetherell (1987), Fairclough (1995) and Van Dijk (1997) have been followed to analyze the data extracted from the selected sample (i.e., spoken corpus). For finding the types of fillers, it was helpful to use Rose’s (1998) classification of fillers into unlexicalized fillers (UFs) and lexicalized fillers (LFs). Further, by using a speaking fluency rubric, the statistical correlation between fillers and speaking fluency was measured. The results showed that the lexicalized fillers (LFs) were used by the Kurdish EFL university students three times more than the unlexicalized fillers (UFs). Also, it was found that the most frequently used examples of UFs were Uh and Um, and the highest percentages of LFs were recorded for and, so, yeah and yes. With regard to speaking fluency levels, it was concluded that fillers are considered to be markers of mid or low levels of fluency. In other words, although fillers were also used in higher levels of fluency, however, the higher the level of fluency is, the lesser the use of fillers is.
{"title":"Investigating the use of fillers by kurdish efl university students in relation to speaking fluency","authors":"Dilbreen Abdullah, Fakhir Mohammed","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1149","url":null,"abstract":"The current study investigates the use of fillers produced by a sample of 80 Kurdish EFL university students (males and females), freshers and seniors, in relation to speaking fluency. The general methodological procedures of discourse analysis (hence, DA) by Potter and Wetherell (1987), Fairclough (1995) and Van Dijk (1997) have been followed to analyze the data extracted from the selected sample (i.e., spoken corpus). For finding the types of fillers, it was helpful to use Rose’s (1998) classification of fillers into unlexicalized fillers (UFs) and lexicalized fillers (LFs). Further, by using a speaking fluency rubric, the statistical correlation between fillers and speaking fluency was measured. The results showed that the lexicalized fillers (LFs) were used by the Kurdish EFL university students three times more than the unlexicalized fillers (UFs). Also, it was found that the most frequently used examples of UFs were Uh and Um, and the highest percentages of LFs were recorded for and, so, yeah and yes. With regard to speaking fluency levels, it was concluded that fillers are considered to be markers of mid or low levels of fluency. In other words, although fillers were also used in higher levels of fluency, however, the higher the level of fluency is, the lesser the use of fillers is.","PeriodicalId":52594,"journal":{"name":"goevr znstYn mroevyaety y znkoey zkhoe","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1339
Ercan GÜMÜŞ
The fact that the Milan Tribe was not dealt with in the Sharafnama is a matter that draws the attention of many researchers who are somehow interested in the history of the tribe and the region. The absence of Milan Tribe in an ambitious work on the Kurdish dynasty and tribes in the 16th century deserves to be questioned.
After the Ottoman Empire established its dominance in Mardin and its surroundings in the 16th century, it is known that the Milan Tribe, whose names are frequently encountered in the censuses (tax registers, tahrir), was strong in and around Mardin. It is known that especially in a date as early as 1579, the members of the Milan rulers saved timar and ziamet in and around Mardin. It is a question that needs to be answered that this tribe and its rulers are not mentioned in the Sharafnama, which was completed shortly after this date.
This question, whose answer is sought, requires evaluating some possibilities. The first is a claim that has been dealt with before, and according to this, the Milan confederation was not yet a political focus in this period, and some of the Milanese members were ruling around Chabakchur under the name "Sivedi". Sharaf Khan dealt with this household and tribe in his work. If this claim is taken as a basis, the Milan Tribe was not yet known with the name "Mil" at that time. The following conclusion is reached from the claim; The Sivedis, who came from the Siverek environs and established dominance in Chabakchur, formed the core of Milan.
A second possibility is that a few titles that Sharaf Khan left incomplete in his work can be devoted to this subject. As it is known, there are incomplete chapters in Sharafnama. Would Milan tribes be included in the missing titles?
One of the weakest possibilities is that Sharaf Khan does not have enough information about the desert region called "Barriya". As a matter of fact, as it will be remembered, he spent most of his life with the Safavids in the center of Iran and returned to Bitlis, which was his ancestral land in the end of his life. However, it is known that during this period, the Milan Tribe used the highlands on the Van-Erzurum and Azerbaijan sides as a plateau. It is unlikely that the Rojkan historiography tradition, which includes Sharaf Khan and historians such as Shukri-yi Bitlisi and İdris-i Bitlisi, does not recognize the Milan Tribe. As a matter of fact, in some periods, the Rojkan and Milan confederations were called for help by their vassals, the Ottoman Empire, and they took part in the campaigns with close statuses. The Basra Campaign in the south at the beginning of the 18th century and the Persian Campaign in the east towards the middle of the same century are examples of this.
Finally, the fact that the Milan Tribe is not mentioned in the Sharafnama should be sought in the rapid political transformation in the nature of the tribal structure. The Kurdish tribal structure, unlike its Arab neighbors, was shaped
{"title":"An evaluation about not mentioning milan/milli tribe in sharafnama","authors":"Ercan GÜMÜŞ","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1339","url":null,"abstract":"The fact that the Milan Tribe was not dealt with in the Sharafnama is a matter that draws the attention of many researchers who are somehow interested in the history of the tribe and the region. The absence of Milan Tribe in an ambitious work on the Kurdish dynasty and tribes in the 16th century deserves to be questioned.
 After the Ottoman Empire established its dominance in Mardin and its surroundings in the 16th century, it is known that the Milan Tribe, whose names are frequently encountered in the censuses (tax registers, tahrir), was strong in and around Mardin. It is known that especially in a date as early as 1579, the members of the Milan rulers saved timar and ziamet in and around Mardin. It is a question that needs to be answered that this tribe and its rulers are not mentioned in the Sharafnama, which was completed shortly after this date.
 This question, whose answer is sought, requires evaluating some possibilities. The first is a claim that has been dealt with before, and according to this, the Milan confederation was not yet a political focus in this period, and some of the Milanese members were ruling around Chabakchur under the name \"Sivedi\". Sharaf Khan dealt with this household and tribe in his work. If this claim is taken as a basis, the Milan Tribe was not yet known with the name \"Mil\" at that time. The following conclusion is reached from the claim; The Sivedis, who came from the Siverek environs and established dominance in Chabakchur, formed the core of Milan.
 A second possibility is that a few titles that Sharaf Khan left incomplete in his work can be devoted to this subject. As it is known, there are incomplete chapters in Sharafnama. Would Milan tribes be included in the missing titles?
 One of the weakest possibilities is that Sharaf Khan does not have enough information about the desert region called \"Barriya\". As a matter of fact, as it will be remembered, he spent most of his life with the Safavids in the center of Iran and returned to Bitlis, which was his ancestral land in the end of his life. However, it is known that during this period, the Milan Tribe used the highlands on the Van-Erzurum and Azerbaijan sides as a plateau. It is unlikely that the Rojkan historiography tradition, which includes Sharaf Khan and historians such as Shukri-yi Bitlisi and İdris-i Bitlisi, does not recognize the Milan Tribe. As a matter of fact, in some periods, the Rojkan and Milan confederations were called for help by their vassals, the Ottoman Empire, and they took part in the campaigns with close statuses. The Basra Campaign in the south at the beginning of the 18th century and the Persian Campaign in the east towards the middle of the same century are examples of this.
 Finally, the fact that the Milan Tribe is not mentioned in the Sharafnama should be sought in the rapid political transformation in the nature of the tribal structure. The Kurdish tribal structure, unlike its Arab neighbors, was shaped ","PeriodicalId":52594,"journal":{"name":"goevr znstYn mroevyaety y znkoey zkhoe","volume":"31 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135127441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1109
حسن عبدالله, موسى ابراهيم
تعد دراسة مصادر المعرفة الفلكية عند المسلمين من الدراسات المهمة، لأن المنابع الأولى التي استقى منها المسلمون معارفهم الفلكية كانت (هندية وفارسية)، بالإضافة الى المصادر اليونانية وما ورد في الأدب والشعر الجاهلي عند العرب قبل الاسلام، وكذلك القراَن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة وما ورد فيهما عن الظواهر الفلكية والكواكب والنجوم، حثت المسلمين على إعمال الفكر في هذا الكون ودراستها والغوص في أعماقها وحل ألغازها، ولا يخفى انه كان لحركة الترجمة وبالأخص في العصر العباسي الأول دور كبير في اطلاع المسلمين على الإرث الثقافي والحضاري للأمم والشعوب الاخرى من العلوم المختلفة، وكان علم الفلك أحد تلك العلوم التي اهتم بها العرب وزاد اهتمامهم بها بعد مجيء الإسلام، وذلك لارتباطه ببعض الواجبات والأحكام الشرعية كأوقات الصلاة ومعرفة اتجاه القبلة وهلال رمضان وحركة الشمس في البروج وأحوال الشفق وغيرها، لذلك حاولنا في بحثنا هذا التركيز على المصادر الهندية والفارسية كنموذج من تلك المصادر لدورها الرئيسي في وضع الأسس الأولى لفلك إسلامي متطور ظهر لاحقاً في مشرق العالم الإسلامي ومغربه ، وكذلك لا ننسى أنه كان للتنجيم علاقة مباشرة بعلم الفلك ، فإهتمام الشعوب القديمة بالتنجيم كان حافزاً كبيراً لدراسة علم الفلك ومعرفتها والإهتمام بها ، من خلال تلك الرغبة الداخلية لدى تلك الأمم للتطلع إلى ما وراء السماء والأجرام السماوية وما لها من آثار ، وعليها قامت الأرصاد الفلكية القديمة وقدمت مادة فلكية رصدية مهمة جداً لعلماء الفلك للإهتمام ببناء المراصد وصناعة الآلات والأجهزة الفلكية وما تبعها من تطور على أيدي علماء الفلك المسلمين .
{"title":"مصادر المعرفة الفلكية عند المسلمين خلال العصر العباسي (132-656هـ / 750 – 1258م)","authors":"حسن عبدالله, موسى ابراهيم","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1109","url":null,"abstract":"تعد دراسة مصادر المعرفة الفلكية عند المسلمين من الدراسات المهمة، لأن المنابع الأولى التي استقى منها المسلمون معارفهم الفلكية كانت (هندية وفارسية)، بالإضافة الى المصادر اليونانية وما ورد في الأدب والشعر الجاهلي عند العرب قبل الاسلام، وكذلك القراَن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة وما ورد فيهما عن الظواهر الفلكية والكواكب والنجوم، حثت المسلمين على إعمال الفكر في هذا الكون ودراستها والغوص في أعماقها وحل ألغازها، ولا يخفى انه كان لحركة الترجمة وبالأخص في العصر العباسي الأول دور كبير في اطلاع المسلمين على الإرث الثقافي والحضاري للأمم والشعوب الاخرى من العلوم المختلفة، وكان علم الفلك أحد تلك العلوم التي اهتم بها العرب وزاد اهتمامهم بها بعد مجيء الإسلام، وذلك لارتباطه ببعض الواجبات والأحكام الشرعية كأوقات الصلاة ومعرفة اتجاه القبلة وهلال رمضان وحركة الشمس في البروج وأحوال الشفق وغيرها، لذلك حاولنا في بحثنا هذا التركيز على المصادر الهندية والفارسية كنموذج من تلك المصادر لدورها الرئيسي في وضع الأسس الأولى لفلك إسلامي متطور ظهر لاحقاً في مشرق العالم الإسلامي ومغربه ، وكذلك لا ننسى أنه كان للتنجيم علاقة مباشرة بعلم الفلك ، فإهتمام الشعوب القديمة بالتنجيم كان حافزاً كبيراً لدراسة علم الفلك ومعرفتها والإهتمام بها ، من خلال تلك الرغبة الداخلية لدى تلك الأمم للتطلع إلى ما وراء السماء والأجرام السماوية وما لها من آثار ، وعليها قامت الأرصاد الفلكية القديمة وقدمت مادة فلكية رصدية مهمة جداً لعلماء الفلك للإهتمام ببناء المراصد وصناعة الآلات والأجهزة الفلكية وما تبعها من تطور على أيدي علماء الفلك المسلمين .","PeriodicalId":52594,"journal":{"name":"goevr znstYn mroevyaety y znkoey zkhoe","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1338
یەدوڵڵا پەشابادی
حاجی قادری کۆیی (١٨١٧-١٨٩٧) وەکوو شاعیرێکی نەتەوەیی و ڕۆشنبیر له نێو بازنەی ئەدەبی کوردی له سەدەی نۆزدەدا، گرنگایەتییەکی زۆری به مێژوو و وێژه و زانست داوه. له نیوەی دووهەمی تەمەنی ئەدەبی و فیکریی خۆیدا ئاوڕی له زانیاران و میران و شاعیران و ناودارانی کورد داوەتەوه و خاڵە گرنگەکانی کارنامەیانی به کورتی تۆمارکردووه. ئەم لێکۆڵینەوەیه به شێوازی وەسفی-شیکاری دەیهەوێ ئاماژه و لایەنه مێژووییەکانی پەیوەندیدار به ماڵەمیرانی کوردەوه له شیعری حاجی قادردا لێکبداتەوه و به هەڵێنجان و دەرخستنی نموونە شیعرەکانی، دەست بداتە بەراوردکارییەکی زانستی لەگەڵ ئەوەیدا که لە سەرچاوە مێژووییەکانی وەکوو شەرەفنامەدا هاتووه. بەو نیازەی بتوانێ هەندێک له سەرچاوەکانی فیکر و هزری قووڵی حاجی بدۆزێتەوه. حاجی قادر جگە له لایەنی ئەدەبی و هونەری که یەکێک له ڕەهەندەکانی شیعری ئەم شاعیرەیه، بۆ هەر بوارێک له مێژووی میران و تۆمارکردنی ناو و یادی شاعیران و گەورە مرۆڤانی کورد هەوڵیداوە و تایبەتمەندییەکی گرنگی ئەو میر و شاعیر و ئەدیبانەی تۆمارکردووه. له گرنگترین ئاکامەکانی ئەم توێژینەوەیه دەتوانین پەنجه بۆ ئەوە ڕابکێشین که کتێبی شەرەفنامەی بەدلیسی و هەندێ له دەسنووسەکانی تر، له کەنار ڕۆژنامە و گۆڤاری تورکی و ئەورووپیدا که له ئەستەمووڵ دەستی کەوتووه، سەرچاوەی ڕۆشنبیری و ئاگاداریی بوون و توانیویەتی زۆرێک له بارودۆخی سەردەم و ناوونیشانی میران له شیعری خۆیدا به چاوێکی ڕەخنەگرانەوه تۆماربکات.
حاجی قادری کۆیی (١٨١٧-١٨٩٧) وەکوو شاعیرێکی نەتەوەیی و ڕۆشنبیر له نێو بازنەی ئەدەبی کوردی له سەدەی نۆزدەدا، گرنگایەتییەکی زۆری به مێژوو و وێژه و زانست داوه.له نیوەی دووهەمی تەمەنی ئەدەبی وفیکری خۆیدا ئاوڕی له زانیاران و میران و شاعیران و ناودارانی کورد داوەتەوه و خاڵە گرنگەکانی کارنامەیان به کورتی تۆمارکردوه.ئەم لێکۆڵینەویه به شێوازی وەسفی-شیکاری دەهەوێ ئاماژه و لایەنه مێژویەکانی پەیوەندیدار به ماڵەمیرانی کوردەوه له شیعری حاجی قادردا لێکبداتەوه و به هەڵێنجان ودەرخستنی نموونە شیعرەکانی، دەست بداتە بەراوردکاریەکی زانستی لەگەڵ ئەوەیداکه لە سەرچاوە مێژویەکانی وەکوو شەرەفنامەدا هاتوه.بەو نیازەی بتوانێ هەندێ کله سەراچوەکانی فیکر و هزری قووڵی حاجی بدۆزێتەوه.حاجی قادر جگە له لایەنی ئەدەبی و هونەری ه یەکێک له ڕەهەندەکانی شیعری ئەم شاعیرەی ه، بۆ ه ەر بوارێک له مێژوی میران و تۆمارکردنیناو و یادی شاعیران و گەورە مرۆڤانی کورد هەوڵیداوە و تایبەتمەندییەکی گرنگی ئەو میر و شاعیر و ئەدیبانەی تۆمارکردوه.له گرنگترین ئاکامەکانی ئەم توێژینەوەیه دەتوانین پەنجه بۆ ئەوە ڕابکێشین که کتێبی شەرەفنامەی بەدلیسی و هەندێ له دەسنووسەکانی تر، له کەنار ڕۆژنامە و گۆڤاری تورکی و ئەورووپیداکه له ئەستەمووڵ دەستی کەوتووه، سەرچاوەی ڕۆشنبیری و ئاگاداریی بوون و توانیویەتی زۆرێک له بارودۆخی سەردەم و ناوونیشانی میران له شیعری خۆیدا به چاوێکی ڕەخنەگرانەوه تۆماربکات.
{"title":"ڕەنگدانەوەی مێژووی میرانی کورد له شیعری حاجی قادری کۆییدا","authors":"یەدوڵڵا پەشابادی","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1338","url":null,"abstract":"حاجی قادری کۆیی (١٨١٧-١٨٩٧) وەکوو شاعیرێکی نەتەوەیی و ڕۆشنبیر له نێو بازنەی ئەدەبی کوردی له سەدەی نۆزدەدا، گرنگایەتییەکی زۆری به مێژوو و وێژه و زانست داوه. له نیوەی دووهەمی تەمەنی ئەدەبی و فیکریی خۆیدا ئاوڕی له زانیاران و میران و شاعیران و ناودارانی کورد داوەتەوه و خاڵە گرنگەکانی کارنامەیانی به کورتی تۆمارکردووه. ئەم لێکۆڵینەوەیه به شێوازی وەسفی-شیکاری دەیهەوێ ئاماژه و لایەنه مێژووییەکانی پەیوەندیدار به ماڵەمیرانی کوردەوه له شیعری حاجی قادردا لێکبداتەوه و به هەڵێنجان و دەرخستنی نموونە شیعرەکانی، دەست بداتە بەراوردکارییەکی زانستی لەگەڵ ئەوەیدا که لە سەرچاوە مێژووییەکانی وەکوو شەرەفنامەدا هاتووه. بەو نیازەی بتوانێ هەندێک له سەرچاوەکانی فیکر و هزری قووڵی حاجی بدۆزێتەوه. حاجی قادر جگە له لایەنی ئەدەبی و هونەری که یەکێک له ڕەهەندەکانی شیعری ئەم شاعیرەیه، بۆ هەر بوارێک له مێژووی میران و تۆمارکردنی ناو و یادی شاعیران و گەورە مرۆڤانی کورد هەوڵیداوە و تایبەتمەندییەکی گرنگی ئەو میر و شاعیر و ئەدیبانەی تۆمارکردووه. له گرنگترین ئاکامەکانی ئەم توێژینەوەیه دەتوانین پەنجه بۆ ئەوە ڕابکێشین که کتێبی شەرەفنامەی بەدلیسی و هەندێ له دەسنووسەکانی تر، له کەنار ڕۆژنامە و گۆڤاری تورکی و ئەورووپیدا که له ئەستەمووڵ دەستی کەوتووه، سەرچاوەی ڕۆشنبیری و ئاگاداریی بوون و توانیویەتی زۆرێک له بارودۆخی سەردەم و ناوونیشانی میران له شیعری خۆیدا به چاوێکی ڕەخنەگرانەوه تۆماربکات.","PeriodicalId":52594,"journal":{"name":"goevr znstYn mroevyaety y znkoey zkhoe","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1091
Sipan Mohammed, Fatimah Hasan
The purpose of this study was to identify Kurdish EFL students’ speed reading and reading comprehension levels and to show the effect of speed reading on reading comprehension. The study utilized a quantitative method to collect data for a period of six weeks. The participants were 25 second-year students with intermediate level in the Departments of English, College of Languages, and College of Basic Education at the University of Duhok (hereafter: UoD). For assessing speed reading and reading comprehension level, Well Read 3 was adapted since it is intended for intermediate level. After the pretest, the participants were trained by speed reading techniques in order to improve their speed reading and reading comprehension. The pretest and posttest results demonstrated that the total average students' speed reading and reading comprehension levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, the result obtained from the regression analysis showed a significant influence of speed reading on reading comprehension. Due to the constant change occurring in speed reading, reading comprehension changed interchangeably by 25%. In only a period of six weeks, the findings of this research could confirm the need to integrate speed reading courses in all educational levels.
{"title":"Investigating kurdish efl students’ speed reading and reading comprehension levels at the university of duhok","authors":"Sipan Mohammed, Fatimah Hasan","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1091","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify Kurdish EFL students’ speed reading and reading comprehension levels and to show the effect of speed reading on reading comprehension. The study utilized a quantitative method to collect data for a period of six weeks. The participants were 25 second-year students with intermediate level in the Departments of English, College of Languages, and College of Basic Education at the University of Duhok (hereafter: UoD). For assessing speed reading and reading comprehension level, Well Read 3 was adapted since it is intended for intermediate level. After the pretest, the participants were trained by speed reading techniques in order to improve their speed reading and reading comprehension. The pretest and posttest results demonstrated that the total average students' speed reading and reading comprehension levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, the result obtained from the regression analysis showed a significant influence of speed reading on reading comprehension. Due to the constant change occurring in speed reading, reading comprehension changed interchangeably by 25%. In only a period of six weeks, the findings of this research could confirm the need to integrate speed reading courses in all educational levels.","PeriodicalId":52594,"journal":{"name":"goevr znstYn mroevyaety y znkoey zkhoe","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1189
Nasreen Mohammed, Shirzad Ali
The semantics roles are considered one of the important linguistic topics. This research aims at shedding light on the semantic roles that Van Valin (2005 AD) has included, since his model is distinguished from other models of semantic roles, whether in terms of the number of semantic roles or in terms of naming each semantic role. This study has applied this model to the local dialect of Bahdin Kurdish, as it has showed verb arguments according to Van Valin model, because this semantic role is assigned to the argument. The most important questions that have been raised by this study: How many semantic roles are there according to (Van) Valins model (2005 AD) In what case is the word an argument and in what case is it complementary? At the end, the relevant findings have been discussed in terms of Van Valins (2005 AD) models. Moreover, the semantic roles have been divided into three levels, each level contains as aspect of the semantic roles, and it has been able to display 40 thematic relationships. The current study has succeeded to distinguish between arguments and compliments.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2023.11.3.1173
Ibrahim Sayida, Kamran Abdullah
The appearance of the economic factor on the authority and citizens after the increase of civilization and welfare of economic situation of the domesticated tribal which started to establish system of authority and build castles, walls and cities for protecting itself from the outside attacks and assaults. This research entitled “the economic factor and its effect of the authority system”, the Kurdish emirates during the Abbasid era as an example. Which is analyzed per Ebn Khaldon theory. The research consists of two sections, in the first section we spoke about three points, which are, first the appearance the rank of Amir between the tribal leaders as the earliest stages of authority. Second the establishment of the rank of Minister to improve the administration and citizen life situation and other administration related work like collecting taxes. Third the establishment of the Judge rank which was one of the socialized positions to retrieve people rights and prohibit people to assault each other’s rights, and to do religious and social affairs. In the second section, we spoke about the place of Amir ruling, including the castles which was a symbol to improved political and economic situation. Also, the cities which was an important stage for the movement of Kurds from Urban to cities, and the appearance of the desire construction and prosperity specially by the Amirs and also building royal mansions.
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