Juntendo Iji Zasshi最新文献

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common and critical complication in various diseases. There are several diagnostic criteria, such as the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria, the Japanese Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (JSTH) criteria, and the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine (JAAM) criteria. Due to the strengths and drawbacks inherent in each diagnostic criterion, it has the potential to cause confusion in clinical settings. It is possible to increase the specificity by making a complex criterion but simple and easy-to-use criteria are demanded in practice. To establish pragmatic criteria using readily available biomarkers, the ISTH focused on DIC arising from sepsis and released sepsis-induced coagulopathy criteria (SIC). A similar approach will aid in constructing a practical diagnostic criterion tailored to each specific background.

Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that adolescents do not tend to actively engage in help-seeking behaviors. Therefore, it is imperative to create an environment where adolescents can seek assistance on their own. However, no concrete method to create such environments has been established.

Design: We studied adolescents' help-seeking behaviors by administering a questionnaire that collected information on who offer help ("helpers"), how help is offered ("methods of help"), and where these interactions occur ("places of help").

Methods: We asked college students to recall their thoughts related to seeking help when they were 10-15 years old.

Results: Our results indicated that adolescents require trustworthy helpers who respect and understand them, face-to-face interactions, peer helpers of a similar age, mental health dialog, and safe and secure location outside of school for seeking help.

Conclusions: This study suggested a method to provide assistance in the field of child mental health, which is crucial for the development of the adolescents' ability to seek help and resolve mental health problems on their own.

Objectives: To elucidate physiological changes in the brain caused by rapid reading, we herein focused on brain areas related to language processing and reading comprehension and memory processes and evaluated changes in neural activities associated with reading speed and comprehension using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Materials: This study included 23 nonrapid and 23 rapid readers matched for age, gender, and handedness. T1 weighted image and fMRI were acquired using 3T MRI.

Methods: The neural activity was compared between nonrapid and rapid readers using fMRI. The correlation between neural activity and reading speed and comprehension was also determined.

Results: The neural activities of rapid readers were significantly lower in Wernicke's and Broca's areas, left angular and supramarginal gyri, and hippocampus. Furthermore, reading speed was negatively correlated with neural activities in these areas. Conversely, reading comprehension was negatively correlated with the neural activities in the left angular gyrus.

Conclusions: Rapid readers exhibited reduced language processing, including phonological transformation, analysis, inner speech, semantic and syntactic processes, and constant reading comprehension during rapid reading.

I, the author, expressed gratitude for receiving the 45^th Juntendo Medical School Alumni Association Academic Encouragement Award in May 2023. After completing medical school and surgical training at Juntendo University, I embarked on a new challenge by pursuing a Ph.D. in basic clinical research, with a focus on gastric cancer, the third leading cause of cancer related death in Japan. Collaborating with various experts, I obtained a Ph.D. in cancer research studies in 2014. Subsequently, I pursued further research opportunities in the United States, where I undertook multiple projects focusing on cancer and maternal stress. I would like to present several studies, ERC/mesothelin, fatty acid synthase, and maternal stress in this manuscript. On returning to clinical practice at Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital in 2019, I developed an interest in various clinical issues and decided to address these through experiments. In collaborating with several researchers at the Shizuoka Medical Research Center for Disasters, our ongoing research aims to answer several clinical questions. Furthermore, I aspire to guide junior staff in the future and am grateful for the invaluable connections and opportunities provided by Juntendo University.

Providencia is a genus of Gram-negative and non-spore forming bacteria belonging to the family Morganellaceae, which causes opportunistic infections in humans. Of the 10 Providencia species identified to date, three, P. alcalifaciens, P. rettgeri and P. stuartii, are clinically important. P. alcalifaciens causes diarrhea, including outbreaks arising from food-borne infections, and P. stuartii and P. rettgeri have been found to cause hospital acquired urinary tract infections. Four isolates of P. rettgeri and one isolate of P. stuartii were obtained from urine samples of five patients in Japan in 2018. All five isolates were highly resistant to carbapenems. Three isolates harbored bla _IMP-70, encoding a variant of IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase, with two amino acid substitutions (Val67Phe and Phe87Val), one isolate harbored two copies of bla _IMP-1 and one isolate harbored bla _IMP-11. Expression of bla _IMP-70 conferred carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli. Recombinant IMP-10, an IMP-1 variant with Val67Phe but without Phe87Val, had significant higher hydrolytic activities against meropenem than recombinant IMP-1, indicating that the Val67Phe amino acid substitution alters activities against meropenem in IMP-70. These results suggest that Providencia species. become more highly resistant to carbapenems by acquisition of two copies of bla _IMP-1 or by mutations in bla _IMP that result in amino acid substitutions, such as bla _IMP-70.

Objectives: The correlation between altered small intestinal motility and irritable bowel syndrome is not well evaluated. This study aimed to assess the small intestinal and colonic transits in an adolescent irritable bowel syndrome rat model with restraint stress and determine the role of small intestinal motility in the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology.

Materials: Restraint stress was utilized to prepare adolescent irritable bowel syndrome rat models that were evaluated for clinical signs, including stool frequency and diarrhea. The small intestinal motility and transit rate were also evaluated.

Methods: The amounts of mRNA encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone, mast cell, and serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) receptor 3a were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction; the 5-Hydroxytryptamine expression was evaluated using immunostaining.

Results: Restraint stress significantly increased the number of fecal pellet outputs, stool water content, and small intestinal motility in the adolescent irritable bowel syndrome rat models. There was no difference in real-time polymerase chain reaction results; however, immunostaining analysis revealed that 5-Hydroxytryptamine expression in the small intestine was significantly increased in the adolescent irritable bowel syndrome rat models.

Conclusions: In the rat model of adolescent irritable bowel syndrome with restraint stress, we observed an increase in small intestinal and colonic motility. In the small intestine, enhanced 5-Hydroxytryptamine secretion in the distal portion may be involved in increasing the small intestinal motility. Although the present study focused on 5-Hydroxytryptamine, further investigation of other factors that regulate intestinal peristalsis may lead to the establishment of more effective treatment methods for adolescent irritable bowel syndrome.

Many thoracic surgeons revealed that consolidation tumor ratio or solid component size on thin-section computed tomography has been considered more prognostic than maximum tumor size in non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC). According to the results, the 8^th TNM classification drastically changed the staging system, i.e., clinical T category was determined based on the invasive or solid component size excluding a ground-glass opacity (GGO). However, several debates are arising over the application of radiological solid size for the clinical T staging. Meanwhile, recent several institutional reports have noticed a significantly simple fact that the presence of a GGO denotes an influence on the favorable prognosis of NSCLC. More important, radiologic pure-solid lung cancers without a GGO exhibit more malignant behaviors with regard to both the clinical and pathological aspects, and show several histologic types that have a poorer prognosis than radiologic part-solid lung cancer. In contrast, favorable prognostic impact of the presence of a GGO component was demonstrated, which was irrespective of the solid component size in cases in which the tumor showed a GGO component. Recently, this concept has been gradually noticed on a nationwide level. Obvious distinctions regarding the several baseline characteristics between the tumor with/without GGO component is a fundamental biological feature of early-stage lung cancer, which would result in a big difference in prognosis, modes of recurrence, overall behavior, and appropriate operative strategies. As a future perspective, the presence or absence of a GGO should be considered as an important parameter in the next clinical T classification.