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Problemi teoriyi ta metodologiyi bukhgalters''kogo obliku kontroliu i analizu最新文献

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Ethical responsibility of professional accountants in the context of supporting sustainable development goals 职业会计师在支持可持续发展目标背景下的道德责任
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-49-54
H.P. Tarasevych, L.V. Chyzhevska
The article discusses the impact of professional accountants’ adherence to fundamental principles of ethics, their impact on supporting sustainable development, and responsibility for violations of ethical principles. The issue of ethical responsibility of professional accountants in the context of supporting the goals of sustainable development is one of the primary tasks and requires a solution. Modern conditions also require an appropriate response to changes in ethical codes of professional accountants in order to meet new challenges. In order to always have up-to-date knowledge and skills in a certain field, it is necessary to constantly monitor all changes that occur in regulatory legislation. Since the accounting profession has a responsibility to act in the public interest, accountants are required to act transparently to ensure proper compliance with both legal and ethical requirements, and to contribute to the sustainable development of both business and society in general. Traditionally, professionalism includes, among other things, commitment to the public interest; a complete set of knowledge supported by a strict education system; independence and professional code of conduct.
本文讨论了职业会计师遵守基本道德原则的影响,他们对支持可持续发展的影响,以及违反道德原则的责任。在支持可持续发展目标的背景下,职业会计师的道德责任问题是主要任务之一,需要一个解决方案。现代条件也要求对职业会计师道德准则的变化作出适当的反应,以迎接新的挑战。为了在某一领域始终掌握最新的知识和技能,有必要不断监测监管立法中发生的所有变化。由于会计职业有责任为公众利益行事,会计师必须透明行事,以确保适当遵守法律和道德要求,并为企业和社会的可持续发展做出贡献。传统上,专业精神包括对公众利益的承诺;知识:由严格的教育体系所支持的一整套知识;独立和专业的行为准则。
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引用次数: 0
Organization of accounting and internal control of receipt and the use of charity aid in public non-commercial enterprises 公益性非商业企业慈善援助收付的组织会计和内部控制
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-44-48
S.F. Lehenchuk, I.R. Polishchuk, A.O. Pylypchuk
The peculiarities of legal regulation of charity activities in Ukraine are characterized. The stages of organizing the receipt and issuance of charity aid by communal non-commercial enterprises are given: 1) conclusion of a contract between the subject of charity activity and the communal non-commercial enterprise; 2) providing and receiving charity assistance in the form of a monetary charity contribution, goods, works, services; 3) evaluation and documentation of charity assistance, preparation of the Act of acceptance and transfer of charity assistance by the Commission for receiving and using charity assistance; 4) establishment by the Commission for receiving and using charity aid of terms, places of storage of non-monetary charity aid and persons financially responsible for their preservation; 5) internal control by the Commission for receiving and using charity aid of the volume and storage conditions of non-monetary charity aid; 6) drawing up and submitting a report on the use of charity assistance by a communal non-commercial enterprise. The structure of the Regulation on receiving and using charity assistance by a communal non-commercial enterprise is proposed: 1) general provisions; 2) the procedure for receiving and documenting charity assistance; 3) the number, rights and duties of the commission for receiving and using charity assistance. The need to create a commission for receiving and issuing charity aid has been clarified, the duties of which will include: assessment of non-monetary charity aid, establishment of materially responsible persons for the storage of gifts, and internal control over compliance with the conditions of their storage. In order to confirm the value of non-monetary charity contributions, i.e. goods, works, services when received by a communal non-commercial enterprise, the procedure for their evaluation is proposed: to use as a basis the supporting documents provided by the benefactor about its origin and value, and in case of absence – the commission for receiving and using charity assistance will conduct an assessment and note it in the Act of acceptance and transfer of charity assistance.
分析了乌克兰慈善活动法律规制的特殊性。社区性非商业企业组织发放慈善救助的阶段为:1)慈善活动主体与社区性非商业企业签订合同;(二)以慈善捐款、物品、工程、服务等形式提供、接受慈善援助;(三)对慈善援助进行评估和备案,制定本会接受和使用慈善援助的接受和转移行为;(四)由本会设立接受、使用非货币性慈善援助的物品、保管场所和保管人员;;(五)本会对接受和使用慈善援助的非货币性慈善援助的数量和储存条件的内部控制;(六)编制并报送公益性非商业企业使用慈善援助情况的报告。建议《公益性非商业企业接受和使用慈善援助条例》的结构:1)总则;(二)慈善救助的接收和备案程序;(三)受用慈善救助委员会的人数、权利和义务。设立一个接受和发放慈善援助委员会的必要性已得到澄清,其职责将包括:评估非货币性慈善援助,设立负责保管礼物的实际负责人,以及对遵守这些捐赠的保管条件进行内部控制。为确定社区非商业企业接受的非货币性慈善捐助,即货物、工程、服务的价值,建议采用以下评估程序:以受助人提供的关于其来源和价值的证明文件为依据,在没有证明文件的情况下,由接受和使用慈善援助委员会进行评估,并在《接受和转让慈善援助法》中注明。
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引用次数: 0
Audit services market: bibliometric analysis 审计服务市场:文献计量分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-3-9
Iryna Mykolaivna Vyhivska, Gabriella Liudvykivna Loskorikh
Modern challenges in doing business and functioning of enterprises, implementation of sustainable development goals require adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to international, in particular European, standards, including the sphere of audit activities. An audit is a reliable way to confirm the reliability and confidence of information about the financial statements and financial condition of an enterprise. The article considers the regulatory framework for the concepts of «audit» and «audit activity». The market of audit services is studied and its components are identified: the provision of audit, non-audit and related services by audit entities. Along with this, the analysis of the audit services market and the problems of providing audit services and, directly, conducting an audit is carried out. In the course of the study, methods of visualization of the main areas of research of scientists, publication activity of authors based on data from the Scopus scientometric database using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix software were used. Bibliometric, structural, cluster, and graphical analyses were used. The applied research methods in the field of audit activity made it possible to identify the leading countries in terms of publication activity of the topic under study. The most cited articles are presented, which are aimed at determining the most relevant areas of research of scientists and further monitoring of problematic issues.
开展业务和企业运作的现代挑战,可持续发展目标的实施要求乌克兰立法适应国际,特别是欧洲标准,包括审计活动领域。审计是确认企业财务报表和财务状况信息的可靠性和可信度的可靠方法。本文考虑了“审计”和“审计活动”概念的监管框架。对审计服务市场进行了研究,并确定了其组成部分:审计实体提供审计、非审计和有关服务。与此同时,对审计服务市场以及提供审计服务和直接进行审计的问题进行了分析。在研究过程中,利用VOSviewer和Bibliometrix软件,基于Scopus科学计量数据库的数据,对科学家的主要研究领域和作者的发表活动进行可视化。采用文献计量学分析、结构分析、聚类分析和图形分析。审计活动领域的应用研究方法使我们能够确定在所研究专题的出版活动方面处于领先地位的国家。提出了被引用最多的文章,旨在确定科学家最相关的研究领域,并进一步监测问题问题。
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引用次数: 0
Accounting for the management of goods in the customs warehouse 负责海关仓库货物的会计管理
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-27-33
I.V. Zamula, D.O. Seletska
The article analyzes the basic principles of forming a system of accounting for goods in a customs warehouse. In particular, to ensure control over the placement, movement, storage and release of goods, it is proposed to use markings that will allow identification of objects that require special conditions of storage, transportation or customs clearance. A proposal has been put forward to introduce mandatory storage bookkeeping for customs warehouses, which will detail information on available cargo. In addition, it is stated that an important factor in accounting for the management of goods in a customs warehouse is the development of a work plan for off-balance sheet accounts, if the warehouse keeper, by prior agreement, places the cargo of another business entity in its customs warehouse.
本文分析了建立海关仓库货物核算制度的基本原则。特别是,为了确保对货物的放置、移动、储存和放行的控制,建议使用标记来识别需要特殊储存、运输或清关条件的物品。有人提议对海关仓库实行强制性储存簿记,详细记录现有货物的信息。此外,有人指出,在海关仓库中管理货物的一个重要因素是,如果仓库管理员事先同意将另一个企业实体的货物放在其海关仓库中,则需要制定表外账户的工作计划。
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引用次数: 0
Financial results of a budgetary institution as the subject of a forensic economic examination 作为司法经济检查对象的预算机构的财务结果
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-34-43
V.M. Ivankov
The article is devoted to the study of the financial results of budgetary institutions when they become the subject of forensic economic examination under the trial of cases of embezzlement and misappropriation of public funds and property. The author described accounting processes and sub-processes based on the decompositional division of the process of forming the financial result in budgetary organizations into two stages. The latter are the foundation of the subject of forensic economic examination of the financial result. As revealed, the first stage covers the processes of closing sub-accounts of income and expenses for exchange and non-exchange transactions. The sub-processes of accounting reflection of income and expenses are identified, which determine the final values of the balance of the corresponding accounts. The processes of the second stage of reflecting the financial results of a budgetary institution in the forms of financial statements are determined. It is proposed to highlight the points of expert study of the financial result, corresponding to the algorithms for its development in accounting. As concluded, it is expedient to use such a sequence of expert research of the financial result of a budgetary institution that meets the algorithms for its accounting formation and reflection in financial statements. It is proved that the construction of an expert study in a way that does not reproduce the sequence of formation of the financial result on the accounts can lead to incorrect conclusions, distortion of the assessment of the income-expense ratio in the forms of financial statements. The usefulness and practical application of such a subject of forensic economic expertise lies in the possibility of its adaptation to changes in the norms of the current legislation. Adaptation is proposed to be carried out by clarifying the processes and sub-processes of accounting for the formation of financial results via the identification of points of expert study, and in the case of expanding the tasks of examination with other indicators, for example, the financial condition of a budgetary institution, their addition and expansion.
本文致力于研究预算机构在贪污和挪用公共资金和财产案件的审判中成为法医经济检查对象时的财务结果。在将预算组织的财务结果形成过程分解为两个阶段的基础上,对会计过程和子过程进行了描述。后者是财务结果司法经济检验主体的基础。如所示,第一阶段包括结清汇兑和非汇兑交易的收入和支出子帐户的过程。确定了反映收入和费用的会计子过程,这些子过程决定了相应账户余额的最终价值。确定了以财务报表的形式反映预算机构财务结果的第二阶段的过程。建议突出专家对财务结果的研究重点,对应其在会计中的发展算法。综上所述,对预算机构的财务结果进行这样一系列的专家研究,以满足其会计形成和在财务报表中反映的算法,是有利的。事实证明,专家研究的构建方式不能再现财务结果在账目上的形成顺序,可能导致不正确的结论,扭曲财务报表形式中收入-费用比率的评估。这种司法经济专门知识的有用性和实际应用在于它有可能适应现行立法规范的变化。建议通过确定专家研究点来澄清形成财务结果的会计过程和子过程,以及在用其他指标扩大审查任务的情况下,例如,预算机构的财务状况,它们的增加和扩大,来进行调整。
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引用次数: 0
Budget programmes as a tool for ensuring self-sufficiency of territorial communities and an object of accounting 预算方案作为确保领土社区自给自足的工具和会计核算的对象
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-16-26
Y.M. Denysovets
The article analyses the state and sources of formation of local budgets of territorial communities of Ukraine. It is established that the development of territorial communities, despite their significant own potential, largely depends on transfers from the state budget. The main substantive characteristic of a self-sufficient community is defined and it is proposed to calculate indicators for assessing its status at two levels, which are formed by own revenues and transfers. The main instrument for creating an effective and efficient mechanism for the use of funds in a community is budget programmes. In order for budget programmes to fulfil their goals and objectives and achieve the expected results, it is important to classify them according to the features that characterise expenditures that address the needs of the community. The study allowed us to identify 10 classification characteristics of budget programmes, which are the key to the scientifically sound development of financial and management accounting in budgetary institutions. In the context of management accounting, budget programmes should be viewed as centres of responsibility for expenditures and their results. Under such conditions, the main provisions of the programme-targeted method of managing budget funds will be fully used. However, in order to introduce management accounting of budget programmes, it is necessary to create information screens to display business transactions on the formation of expenses at the expense of budgetary funds. Taking into account the specifics of the chart of accounts in the public sector, the author substantiates the possibility of keeping records of expenses in the context of budget programmes and the formation of their performance indicators on account 16 «Production» or on a new account with a free code 19 «Expenses for the implementation of budget programmes».
文章分析了乌克兰领土社区地方预算的形成状况和来源。可以确定的是,尽管地方社区本身具有巨大的潜力,但其发展在很大程度上取决于国家预算的转移。定义了自给自足社区的主要实质性特征,并建议计算由自身收入和转移构成的两个层次的指标,以评估其地位。在一个社区建立有效和高效率的资金使用机制的主要工具是预算方案。为了使预算方案实现其目标和目的并取得预期的结果,重要的是根据满足社区需要的支出的特点对预算方案进行分类。该研究使我们能够确定预算方案的10个分类特征,这是预算机构财务和管理会计科学合理发展的关键。 在管理会计方面,预算方案应被视为支出及其结果的责任中心。在这种情况下,将充分利用针对方案的预算资金管理方法的主要规定。但是,为了实行预算方案的管理会计,有必要设置信息屏幕,显示以预算资金为代价形成费用的商业交易。考虑到公共部门会计科目表的具体情况,作者证实了在预算方案范围内保存费用记录的可能性,并在帐户16“生产”或免费代码19“预算方案执行费用”的新帐户上形成其绩效指标。
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 The main substantive characteristic of a self-sufficient community is defined and it is proposed to calculate indicators for assessing its status at two levels, which are formed by own revenues and transfers.
 The main instrument for creating an effective and efficient mechanism for the use of funds in a community is budget programmes. In order for budget programmes to fulfil their goals and objectives and achieve the expected results, it is important to classify them according to the features that characterise expenditures that address the needs of the community. The study allowed us to identify 10 classification characteristics of budget programmes, which are the key to the scientifically sound development of financial and management accounting in budgetary institutions.
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 However, in order to introduce management accounting of budget programmes, it is necessary to create information screens to display business transactions on the formation of expenses at the expense of budgetary funds. Taking into account the specifics of the chart of accounts in the public sector, the author substantiates the possibility of keeping records of expenses in the context of budget programmes and the formation of their performance indicators on account 16 «Production» or on a new account with a free code 19 «Expenses for the implementation of budget programmes».","PeriodicalId":52726,"journal":{"name":"Problemi teoriyi ta metodologiyi bukhgalters''kogo obliku kontroliu i analizu","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accounting of expenses for excavation work in the extraction of minerals: normative regulation 矿产开采中开挖工程费用的核算:规范规定
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2023-2(55)-10-15
N.G. Vygovska, T.P. Ostapchuk, L.V. Chyzhevska
It has been found that one of the methods of reducing the cost of overburden works is to increase the efficiency of fixed assets in all business processes of overburden works, which requires periodic control of their technical condition to ensure the achievement of the expected capacity of mineral extraction and timely identification of the need for repairs to maintain them in working order. The need to take into account when developing the classification of costs for excavation works in the extraction of minerals is substantiated, the order of reflection in the accounting of benefits in the extraction of minerals: capitalized costs (assets of excavation works) and current costs (stocks of minerals), established by the Interpretation of IFRIC 20 «Expenses for excavation works on at the mining stage in the career». It was established that IFRS 6 «Exploration and evaluation of mineral reserves» regulates the following issues regarding the accounting of expenses for exploration and evaluation of mineral reserves: initial evaluation of exploration and evaluation assets at cost; valuation after recognition of exploration assets and valuation under the cost or revaluation model; changes in accounting policies, if such a change makes financial reporting more relevant and no less reliable; classification and reclassification of exploration and evaluation assets into tangible and intangible assets; assessment of impairment of exploration assets, when facts and circumstances suggest that the book value of an exploration and evaluation asset may exceed the amount of its expected recovery; disclosure of amounts recognized in its financial statements as a result of exploration and evaluation of mineral reserves. Interpretation IFRIC 20 «Expenses for excavation work at the extraction stage in the quarry» regulates the procedure for recognizing the asset of excavation work, in particular recognition of expenses for excavation work at the extraction stage as an asset; initial assessment of the asset of excavation works at cost price; further valuation of the overburden asset at cost, or at its revalued cost less depreciation and less impairment losses, in the same manner as the existing asset of which it is a part.
研究发现,降低覆盖层工程成本的方法之一是在覆盖层工程的所有业务流程中提高固定资产的效率,这需要对其技术状态进行定期控制,以确保达到预期的采矿量,并及时识别维修的需要,使其保持工作状态。在制定矿物开采中挖掘工程的成本分类时,需要考虑的因素得到证实,在矿物开采收益核算中反映的顺序:资本化成本(挖掘工程的资产)和流动成本(矿物库存),由IFRIC 20《职业生涯中采矿阶段的挖掘工程费用》的解释确定。国际财务报告准则第6号《矿产储量的勘探和评价》规定了有关矿产储量勘探和评价费用核算的下列问题:按成本对勘探和评价资产进行初步评价;勘查资产确认后计价和成本或重估模型计价;会计政策的变化,如果这种变化使财务报告更具相关性且不降低可靠性;勘查评估资产分为有形资产和无形资产的分类和再分类;当事实和情况表明勘探和评估资产的账面价值可能超过其预期采收率时,对勘探资产进行减值评估;披露因勘探和评价矿产储量而在财务报表中确认的金额。IFRIC 20解释《采石场开采阶段的挖掘工作费用》规定了挖掘工作资产的确认程序,特别是将开采阶段的挖掘工作费用确认为资产;以成本价对挖掘工程的资产进行初步评估;按成本对覆载资产进行进一步估值,或按重估成本减去折旧和减值损失,方法与该资产所属的现有资产相同。
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引用次数: 0
Development of accounting quality management system 会计质量管理体系的建立
Pub Date : 2017-09-25 DOI: 10.26642/pbo-2017-2(37)-67-73
Тетяна Федорівна Плахтій
Обґрунтовано необхідність використання системи менеджменту якості для удосконалення організації обліку на підприємстві. Розроблено і обґрунтовано систему менеджменту якості обліку в контексті ISO 9001:2015, яка складається з таких основних процесів: процеси облікової системи; лідерство; планування; проведення оцінки. Виділено модель середовища вимог якісної організації комп’ютеризованої системи бухгалтерського обліку. Запропоновано набір універсальних вимог (змістовні та формальні), що висуваються до системи обліку на підприємстві. Обґрунтовано напрями демонстрації лідерства системі менеджменту якості обліку суб’єктів організації обліку на підприємстві. Розглянуто співвідношення між наявним рівнем якості облікової інформації та її ідеальним рівнем. Виділено можливі види заходів, що спрямовані на покращення системи менеджменту якості обліку. Обґрунтовано необхідність доповнення існуючого набору принципів організації обліку принципом якісного управління в умовах комп’ютеризованого середовища. Ключові слова: якісний підхід; якість в бухгалтерському обліку; якість облікової інформації; організація обліку.
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引用次数: 0
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Problemi teoriyi ta metodologiyi bukhgalters''kogo obliku kontroliu i analizu
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