{"title":"Numerical Investigation of the Most Affecting Parameters on Foam Flooding Performance in Carbonate Naturally Fractured Reservoirs","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41956000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stratigraphic correlation is well-recognized as one of the essential processes, providing information regarding stratigraphic and compartmentalization in a reservoir. It becomes a starting point for subsurface evaluation processes ranging from reservoir characteristics to reserves and resources estimation and economic evaluation. It has always been a focus area in numerous traditional and modern research. Several practices approach stratigraphic correlation, including direct tracing from outcrop, relating geological markers, and comparing the organism characteristics. This work focuses only on one of the traditional work processes, utilizing geological markers to identify stratigraphic correlation. The author primarily studies the potential adoption of data analytics and machine learning in identifying geological markers and connecting them to derive stratigraphic correlation. Well logging information is the primary data source to interpret geological markers. Determining markers was previously done based on the specific well log characteristics that are rare and uniquely identified in the geological area. It usually takes tremendous efforts to find a particular marker from well logging information, especially when many wells scale up the works. Deriving computer-assisted technology through the use of machine learning becomes a key enabler to accelerating and enhancing the business process. The machine learning assisted system has been trained with the entire geoscientists’ marker interpretations. The system consists of two connected machine learning models. The first model, designed as a multi-class classification, identifies the geological markers using well logging information. The first model’s predicted markers are then fed as an input to the second model, designed as a binary classification. It analyzes the relationship between markers in the same wellbore. Subsequently, the predicted markers resulting from two connected models are linked between two or more wells in the same region to create the stratigraphic correlation. Aiming to determine the practicality and potential adoption from one to another, the author implements the same model concept with two different sets of data, two fields in the Gulf of Thailand. The system has been proven successful in model development and deployment and has achieved nearly human performance levels.
{"title":"A Machine Learning Based Approach to Automate Stratigraphic Correlation through Marker Determination","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1204","url":null,"abstract":"Stratigraphic correlation is well-recognized as one of the essential processes, providing information regarding stratigraphic and compartmentalization in a reservoir. It becomes a starting point for subsurface evaluation processes ranging from reservoir characteristics to reserves and resources estimation and economic evaluation. It has always been a focus area in numerous traditional and modern research. Several practices approach stratigraphic correlation, including direct tracing from outcrop, relating geological markers, and comparing the organism characteristics. This work focuses only on one of the traditional work processes, utilizing geological markers to identify stratigraphic correlation. The author primarily studies the potential adoption of data analytics and machine learning in identifying geological markers and connecting them to derive stratigraphic correlation. Well logging information is the primary data source to interpret geological markers. Determining markers was previously done based on the specific well log characteristics that are rare and uniquely identified in the geological area. It usually takes tremendous efforts to find a particular marker from well logging information, especially when many wells scale up the works. Deriving computer-assisted technology through the use of machine learning becomes a key enabler to accelerating and enhancing the business process. The machine learning assisted system has been trained with the entire geoscientists’ marker interpretations. The system consists of two connected machine learning models. The first model, designed as a multi-class classification, identifies the geological markers using well logging information. The first model’s predicted markers are then fed as an input to the second model, designed as a binary classification. It analyzes the relationship between markers in the same wellbore. Subsequently, the predicted markers resulting from two connected models are linked between two or more wells in the same region to create the stratigraphic correlation. Aiming to determine the practicality and potential adoption from one to another, the author implements the same model concept with two different sets of data, two fields in the Gulf of Thailand. The system has been proven successful in model development and deployment and has achieved nearly human performance levels.","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136002658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interfacial Characterization and Minimum Miscible Pressure Study of CO2 Flooding Based on Molecular Dynamics","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48991240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To clarify the impact of salinity waterflooding on oil displacement efficiency and the microscopic mechanism, we have used micro-CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-pressure mercury injection, and other means to conduct an experimental analysis of salinity waterflooding. The results show that imbibition has little contribution to oil displacement efficiency, and the change in wettability is the main microscopic mechanism of low salinity waterflooding. However, the presence of corner flow can lead to a large amount of dropwise residual oil distribution, affecting the waterflooding effect, and seriously restricting oil recovery. When a strong hydrophilic phenomenon existed, pore size is no longer a key control factor for oil displacement efficiency. This study provides a theoretical reference for the influencing factors of different displacement methods on oil displacement efficiency.
{"title":"Pore-scale Imaging of Oil-brine Movement During Waterflooding with Wettability Alteration from Tight Sandstone","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1252","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify the impact of salinity waterflooding on oil displacement efficiency and the microscopic mechanism, we have used micro-CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-pressure mercury injection, and other means to conduct an experimental analysis of salinity waterflooding. The results show that imbibition has little contribution to oil displacement efficiency, and the change in wettability is the main microscopic mechanism of low salinity waterflooding. However, the presence of corner flow can lead to a large amount of dropwise residual oil distribution, affecting the waterflooding effect, and seriously restricting oil recovery. When a strong hydrophilic phenomenon existed, pore size is no longer a key control factor for oil displacement efficiency. This study provides a theoretical reference for the influencing factors of different displacement methods on oil displacement efficiency.","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matrix acidizing tries to enhance oil wells productivity as one of the main kind of well stimulation techniques in petroleum industry. This method of acidization is being implemented by stepwise injection of high rate stimulation fluids through the wellhead into the target zone of reservoir rock. Acid penetration depth and consequently the treated radius are the key factors to reach the maximum effectiveness of stimulation operations on production improvement and it can be optimized by an exact design of: fluid type, stimulation fluid volume, job stages and operating pressure. Based on recorded data and job reports, recent conventional matrix acidizing jobs had low effect on improving oil production rate in some old Iranian oil fields, especially depleted with low reservoir pressure ones. Firstly a possible reason of this problem was assessed as shallow acid penetration radius and insufficient treated area around the wellbore and well testing data confirmed this probability. Depth of damaged zone and acid penetration directly related on the porosity type, permeability, lithology, injection rate and production history of matrix acidizing candidate wells. In this study, successful application of a new kind emulsified acid system is evaluated in a low pressure, carbonates reservoirs in south of Iran. Application of nitrogen in stimulation treatments has gained wide acceptances in recent years. The applied triphase emulsified acid increases stimulated radius of near wellbore area by retardation the reactivity of acid system by adding a gaseous phase to emulsion of HCl and gasoil. Use of this acid system made it possible to achieve a 137% greater well productivity than traditional systems, in this study.
{"title":"Stimulation of Low Pressure Carbonates Reservoirs with a Triphase Emulsified Acid System \"3PEA\" of Southern Iran -Case Studies","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Matrix acidizing tries to enhance oil wells productivity as one of the main kind of well stimulation techniques in petroleum industry. This method of acidization is being implemented by stepwise injection of high rate stimulation fluids through the wellhead into the target zone of reservoir rock. Acid penetration depth and consequently the treated radius are the key factors to reach the maximum effectiveness of stimulation operations on production improvement and it can be optimized by an exact design of: fluid type, stimulation fluid volume, job stages and operating pressure. Based on recorded data and job reports, recent conventional matrix acidizing jobs had low effect on improving oil production rate in some old Iranian oil fields, especially depleted with low reservoir pressure ones. Firstly a possible reason of this problem was assessed as shallow acid penetration radius and insufficient treated area around the wellbore and well testing data confirmed this probability. Depth of damaged zone and acid penetration directly related on the porosity type, permeability, lithology, injection rate and production history of matrix acidizing candidate wells. In this study, successful application of a new kind emulsified acid system is evaluated in a low pressure, carbonates reservoirs in south of Iran. Application of nitrogen in stimulation treatments has gained wide acceptances in recent years. The applied triphase emulsified acid increases stimulated radius of near wellbore area by retardation the reactivity of acid system by adding a gaseous phase to emulsion of HCl and gasoil. Use of this acid system made it possible to achieve a 137% greater well productivity than traditional systems, in this study.","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136004433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heavy Oil and VAPEX Process: A Brief Review","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48633915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emulsion stability of heavy oil with surfactants and nanoparticles","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1177","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43046835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Oil-CO2-Water Relative Permeability of the Low Permeability Reservoir based on History Matching","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45504215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamics of Drops as Confined Systems Containing Nanoparticles-Reformation of Nanoparticles and Evaporation of Water","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46784867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sweet Spots Selection of Low-Abundance Coalbed Methane Reservoir","authors":"","doi":"10.14800/iogr.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14800/iogr.1156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52731,"journal":{"name":"Improved Oil and Gas Recovery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42867494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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