Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.139
O. O. Popelnytska
In the archives of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the fund of K. V. Bolsunovskyi there are two letters from K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński, dated by 1902. The author of these letters, Karol Kościuszko-Waluszyński, from 1888 had been heading the Museum in Chersonesus and conducted excavations of this ancient city. The recipient of these letters, Karl Bolsunovskyi, was a well-known numismatist-expert, ancient coins connoisseur. K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński and K. V. Bolsunovskyi not only corresponded, but were also personally acquainted. This is evidenced by the lines of the letter of K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński dated by September 12, 1902. K. V. Bolsunovskyi could have met K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński during one of his visits to the museum in Chersonesus. The novelty and relevance of the research lies in the study of professional and personal contacts of the representatives of Kyiv scientific elite K. V. Bolsunovskyi and B. I. Khanenko with the Crimean researcher K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński on the field of archaeology and numismatics. These documents contain information about individual aspects of the activities of the Chersonesus museum, as well as about personal contacts of Kyiv and Crimean scholars that had taken place at the beginning of the 20th century. The letters contain references to the organization of the museum's territory, the creation of a project for a new museum building and the organization of excavations at the end of 1902 — the beginning of 1903. For instance, in a letter to K. V. Bolsunovskyi, dated by September 12, 1902, K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński mentioned plans to build a new museum building, choosing a construction site, carrying out measurements on the site, drawing up plans for the future museum and an estimate of its construction. These letters also characterise K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński as an energetic, inquisitive, benevolent and hospitable person, a conscientious researcher and museum officer, who sought to establish contacts with Kyiv scholars in order to identify analogies to the finds from Chersonesus, exchange professional literature and attribution of the discovered finds.
在乌克兰国家历史博物馆k·v·博尔苏诺夫斯基基金会的档案中，有两封k·k·Kościuszko-Waluszyński写于1902年的信。这些信件的作者，Karol Kościuszko-Waluszyński，从1888年开始领导Chersonesus的博物馆，并对这座古城进行了挖掘。这些信件的收信人，卡尔·博尔苏诺夫斯基，是一位著名的钱币专家，古钱币鉴赏家。K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński和K. V.博尔苏诺夫斯基不仅通信，而且还互相认识。这可以从1902年9月12日K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński的信件中得到证明。k·v·博尔苏诺夫斯基在参观切尔松苏斯的博物馆时可能遇到过k·k·Kościuszko-Waluszyński。这项研究的新颖性和相关性在于研究基辅科学精英K. V. Bolsunovskyi和B. I. Khanenko代表与克里米亚研究员K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński在考古学和钱币学领域的专业和个人接触。这些文件包含了Chersonesus博物馆活动的各个方面的信息，以及基辅和克里米亚学者在20世纪初的个人接触。信件中提到了博物馆领土的组织，新博物馆建筑项目的创建以及1902年底至1903年初的挖掘组织。例如，在1902年9月12日给k·v·博尔苏诺夫斯基的一封信中，k·k·Kościuszko-Waluszyński提到了建造一座新博物馆的计划，选择了一个建筑场地，对场地进行了测量，为未来的博物馆制定了计划，并对其建设进行了估计。这些信件还将k.k. Kościuszko-Waluszyński描述为一个精力充沛、好奇、仁慈和热情好客的人，一个尽职尽责的研究人员和博物馆官员，他试图与基辅学者建立联系，以确定与切松尼苏斯发现的相似之处，交换专业文献和发现的发现的归属。
{"title":"Letters of K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński to K. V. Bolsunovskyi (According to the Scientific archive of The National Museum of The History of Ukraine)","authors":"O. O. Popelnytska","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2023.03.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.139","url":null,"abstract":"In the archives of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the fund of K. V. Bolsunovskyi there are two letters from K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński, dated by 1902. The author of these letters, Karol Kościuszko-Waluszyński, from 1888 had been heading the Museum in Chersonesus and conducted excavations of this ancient city. The recipient of these letters, Karl Bolsunovskyi, was a well-known numismatist-expert, ancient coins connoisseur. K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński and K. V. Bolsunovskyi not only corresponded, but were also personally acquainted. This is evidenced by the lines of the letter of K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński dated by September 12, 1902. K. V. Bolsunovskyi could have met K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński during one of his visits to the museum in Chersonesus. The novelty and relevance of the research lies in the study of professional and personal contacts of the representatives of Kyiv scientific elite K. V. Bolsunovskyi and B. I. Khanenko with the Crimean researcher K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński on the field of archaeology and numismatics. These documents contain information about individual aspects of the activities of the Chersonesus museum, as well as about personal contacts of Kyiv and Crimean scholars that had taken place at the beginning of the 20th century. The letters contain references to the organization of the museum's territory, the creation of a project for a new museum building and the organization of excavations at the end of 1902 — the beginning of 1903. For instance, in a letter to K. V. Bolsunovskyi, dated by September 12, 1902, K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński mentioned plans to build a new museum building, choosing a construction site, carrying out measurements on the site, drawing up plans for the future museum and an estimate of its construction. These letters also characterise K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński as an energetic, inquisitive, benevolent and hospitable person, a conscientious researcher and museum officer, who sought to establish contacts with Kyiv scholars in order to identify analogies to the finds from Chersonesus, exchange professional literature and attribution of the discovered finds.","PeriodicalId":52785,"journal":{"name":"Arkheologiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135098687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.090
Ya. V. Volodarets-Urbanovych
In the paper jewellery from sites and complexes of the Saltiv culture, which do not chronologically fit within the boundaries of its existence, is considered. The studied jewellery is typical for the hoards of Martynivka circle (group II, subgroup 1). It is represented by four burial complexes and one hoard. Dmytriivka cemetery was investigated by S. Pletneva. Two trapezoidal pendants ornamented with punched rows of dots on the edge from catacombs no. 151 and no. 154 (fig. 1A: 1). Items from the Khatskivskyi hoard, the Kovrai locality, and three finds from the Luchistoye burial ground are known with such an ornamentation system. In general, such pendants can be dated by the 5th—7th centuries (fig. 1). Sukha Homilsha cemetery 1 was investigated by V. Mikheev. Burial no. 54 contained a vorvorka (fig. 2). Burial date: late 8th—early 9th centuries. Analogies in size are presented in several hoards, in ornamentation — from the settlement of Kryvets 4. In general, these items are typical for the hoards of Martynivka circle, the second half of the 6th— the middle third quarter of the 7th centuries. Bochkove cemetery has been studied by O. Laptev since 2014. Grave no. 2 (fig. 3; 4) contained two trapezoidal pendants ornamented with four spherical protrusions and two rows of pressed dots along the edge (fig. 5; 6). Similar pendants are associated with the Penkivka monuments and hoards of the Martynivka circle. Myrna Dolyna hoard discovered in 2019. The complex includes: 1) blacksmith tools and several iron items (fig. 7: 1—11); 2) four screams (fig. 7: 12—15); 3) fragments of a bronze cauldron and a pair of phaleras (fig. 8); 4) heraldic belt decorations, including matrices and semi-finished products (fig. 9; 10); 5) Roman coins (fig. 11). Only six heraldic decorations (fig. 9: 1-3; 10: 1—3) are known among Slavic antiquities at the level of broad analogies. All the considered sites of the Saltiv culture with finds of jewellery from the Martynivka circle are concentrated in the Siverskyi Donets basin. Both individual finds and treasures are known here. In the upper reaches of the river, monuments of the Kolochyn culture are known, and below — of the Penkivka culture. The chronology of the complexes of the Dmytriivka cemetery and the Myrna Dolyna hoard can be determined within the general framework of the existence of culture. However, the chronology of burial no. 54 of the Sukha Homilsha-1, burial no. 2 of the Bochkove cemetery and the chronology of the Martynivka circle decorations differ by almost a century (table 1). Consequently, such adornments could be found by the inhabitants of the Khazar Khaganate and reused in everyday life or attire.
{"title":"Jewellery of the Martynivka Circle among Materials of Saltiv Culture: Data Analysis","authors":"Ya. V. Volodarets-Urbanovych","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2023.03.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.090","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper jewellery from sites and complexes of the Saltiv culture, which do not chronologically fit within the boundaries of its existence, is considered. The studied jewellery is typical for the hoards of Martynivka circle (group II, subgroup 1). It is represented by four burial complexes and one hoard. Dmytriivka cemetery was investigated by S. Pletneva. Two trapezoidal pendants ornamented with punched rows of dots on the edge from catacombs no. 151 and no. 154 (fig. 1A: 1). Items from the Khatskivskyi hoard, the Kovrai locality, and three finds from the Luchistoye burial ground are known with such an ornamentation system. In general, such pendants can be dated by the 5th—7th centuries (fig. 1). Sukha Homilsha cemetery 1 was investigated by V. Mikheev. Burial no. 54 contained a vorvorka (fig. 2). Burial date: late 8th—early 9th centuries. Analogies in size are presented in several hoards, in ornamentation — from the settlement of Kryvets 4. In general, these items are typical for the hoards of Martynivka circle, the second half of the 6th— the middle third quarter of the 7th centuries. Bochkove cemetery has been studied by O. Laptev since 2014. Grave no. 2 (fig. 3; 4) contained two trapezoidal pendants ornamented with four spherical protrusions and two rows of pressed dots along the edge (fig. 5; 6). Similar pendants are associated with the Penkivka monuments and hoards of the Martynivka circle. Myrna Dolyna hoard discovered in 2019. The complex includes: 1) blacksmith tools and several iron items (fig. 7: 1—11); 2) four screams (fig. 7: 12—15); 3) fragments of a bronze cauldron and a pair of phaleras (fig. 8); 4) heraldic belt decorations, including matrices and semi-finished products (fig. 9; 10); 5) Roman coins (fig. 11). Only six heraldic decorations (fig. 9: 1-3; 10: 1—3) are known among Slavic antiquities at the level of broad analogies. All the considered sites of the Saltiv culture with finds of jewellery from the Martynivka circle are concentrated in the Siverskyi Donets basin. Both individual finds and treasures are known here. In the upper reaches of the river, monuments of the Kolochyn culture are known, and below — of the Penkivka culture. The chronology of the complexes of the Dmytriivka cemetery and the Myrna Dolyna hoard can be determined within the general framework of the existence of culture. However, the chronology of burial no. 54 of the Sukha Homilsha-1, burial no. 2 of the Bochkove cemetery and the chronology of the Martynivka circle decorations differ by almost a century (table 1). Consequently, such adornments could be found by the inhabitants of the Khazar Khaganate and reused in everyday life or attire.","PeriodicalId":52785,"journal":{"name":"Arkheologiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135098849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.072
R. M. Reida, A. V. Heiko, S. V. Sapiehin
The article is devoted to the publication of materials from the burial no. 88 discovered at Shyshaky cemetery of the Cherniakhiv culture. It consisted of the inhumation of a woman (20—25 years old), who was oriented with her head to the north and was lying in a subrectangular pit with rounded corners (fig. 1—2). Among almost all the burials (more than 150) in the Shyshaky necropolis, this grave was distinguished by the largest number of accompanying material. First of all, there were a lot of wheel-made pottery (11 items) (fig. 3—4). Among the latter there were: bowls shaped like vases (2 items), a two-handled jar, a bowl shaped like a drinking vessel, pots (3 items), bowls (2 items), an ornamented cup and an imported antique one-handled jar (fig. 3: 6). Fragments (7 items) of brown pebbles and the bowl where they were found should be associated with ritual rites. Beads made of carnelian (8 items) (fig. 6: 56—63), glass (21 item) (fig. 6: 35—55), coral (33 items) (fig. 6: 1—33) and amber (1 item) (fig. 6: 34) were found in the upper part of the woman’s chest. In the burial there were also two fibulae (fig. 5: 1—2) and a belt buckle (fig. 5: 3) made of white metal, a horn comb (fig. 5: 10), a bone needle case (fig. 5: 4), a bronze knife (fig. 5: 5), as well as a spindle (fig. 4: 1) whorl with a sharp edge made on a potter’s wheel, fragments of iron parts of a knife (fig. 5: 8—9) and probably the remains of a casket casing (fig. 5: 6—7). Next to the pelvic bones of the skeleton on the left there were the bones and jaws of cattle, probably accompanying food. An interesting discovery in the burial no. 88 is a bone needle case (fig. 5: 4) and a miniature knife (fig. 5: 5) made of a copper alloy, the analogies of which are often found in female burials at the Shyshaky necropolis. Such knives are oriented in the northern direction. Similar sets (a bone needle case, a needle and sometimes an awl or a small knife) for sewing and clothing or shoes repairing are typical for the burial monuments of the Cherniakhiv — Sântana de Mureș cultures. Part of the pottery from the burial no. 88 is associated with beliefs in an afterlife feast. A bowl (fig. 3: 1), a cup (fig. 3: 2), a two-handled and a one-handled jars (fig. 3: 4, 6) were used for this purpose. It is also interesting that although an imported glass cup was not found in this burial, imported pottery used for drinking alcohol was put into the grave. The one-handled red slip jar (fig. 3: 6) of provincial Roman production is also quite rare for burials of the Cherniakhiv culture and unique for the Dnipro Forest-Steppe Left Bank territory. Chronological indicators such as a fibula, a buckle and a horn comb found in the burial no. 88 make it possible to date it back to the last quarter of the 4th century. A significant number of beads, accompanying food can indicate the Sarmatian (Alan) tradition.
{"title":"Female Burial of Cherniakhiv Culture with a Red Slip Jar of Provincial Roman Production from the Shyshaky Cemetery","authors":"R. M. Reida, A. V. Heiko, S. V. Sapiehin","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2023.03.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.072","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the publication of materials from the burial no. 88 discovered at Shyshaky cemetery of the Cherniakhiv culture. It consisted of the inhumation of a woman (20—25 years old), who was oriented with her head to the north and was lying in a subrectangular pit with rounded corners (fig. 1—2). Among almost all the burials (more than 150) in the Shyshaky necropolis, this grave was distinguished by the largest number of accompanying material. First of all, there were a lot of wheel-made pottery (11 items) (fig. 3—4). Among the latter there were: bowls shaped like vases (2 items), a two-handled jar, a bowl shaped like a drinking vessel, pots (3 items), bowls (2 items), an ornamented cup and an imported antique one-handled jar (fig. 3: 6). Fragments (7 items) of brown pebbles and the bowl where they were found should be associated with ritual rites. Beads made of carnelian (8 items) (fig. 6: 56—63), glass (21 item) (fig. 6: 35—55), coral (33 items) (fig. 6: 1—33) and amber (1 item) (fig. 6: 34) were found in the upper part of the woman’s chest. In the burial there were also two fibulae (fig. 5: 1—2) and a belt buckle (fig. 5: 3) made of white metal, a horn comb (fig. 5: 10), a bone needle case (fig. 5: 4), a bronze knife (fig. 5: 5), as well as a spindle (fig. 4: 1) whorl with a sharp edge made on a potter’s wheel, fragments of iron parts of a knife (fig. 5: 8—9) and probably the remains of a casket casing (fig. 5: 6—7). Next to the pelvic bones of the skeleton on the left there were the bones and jaws of cattle, probably accompanying food. An interesting discovery in the burial no. 88 is a bone needle case (fig. 5: 4) and a miniature knife (fig. 5: 5) made of a copper alloy, the analogies of which are often found in female burials at the Shyshaky necropolis. Such knives are oriented in the northern direction. Similar sets (a bone needle case, a needle and sometimes an awl or a small knife) for sewing and clothing or shoes repairing are typical for the burial monuments of the Cherniakhiv — Sântana de Mureș cultures. Part of the pottery from the burial no. 88 is associated with beliefs in an afterlife feast. A bowl (fig. 3: 1), a cup (fig. 3: 2), a two-handled and a one-handled jars (fig. 3: 4, 6) were used for this purpose. It is also interesting that although an imported glass cup was not found in this burial, imported pottery used for drinking alcohol was put into the grave. The one-handled red slip jar (fig. 3: 6) of provincial Roman production is also quite rare for burials of the Cherniakhiv culture and unique for the Dnipro Forest-Steppe Left Bank territory. Chronological indicators such as a fibula, a buckle and a horn comb found in the burial no. 88 make it possible to date it back to the last quarter of the 4th century. A significant number of beads, accompanying food can indicate the Sarmatian (Alan) tradition.","PeriodicalId":52785,"journal":{"name":"Arkheologiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135098686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.005
R. Palmer, M. Fowler, V. Ward, O. V. Kariaka
In the article, methods and use of open-source images to undertake an archaeological landscape survey of part of Ukraine are described. A selection of results — feature types and their placement in the landscape — from the first year of our survey is outlined and discussed. Our results can be assessed and manipulated using an interactive ArcGIS web app.
{"title":"An archaeological landscape survey of 6600 km2 of Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, Using Open-source Satellite Images: First Report","authors":"R. Palmer, M. Fowler, V. Ward, O. V. Kariaka","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, methods and use of open-source images to undertake an archaeological landscape survey of part of Ukraine are described. A selection of results — feature types and their placement in the landscape — from the first year of our survey is outlined and discussed. Our results can be assessed and manipulated using an interactive ArcGIS web app.","PeriodicalId":52785,"journal":{"name":"Arkheologiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135098850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.020
A. V. Buiskykh, Jochen Fornasier, O. H. Kuzmishchev
This article deals with East Greek and Corinthian painted wares found during the excavations of the so-called suburb of Olbia. The analysis of the imported painted and plain tableware and special vessels allows us to conclude that the formation of this ceramic complex began in the last quarter of the 6th century BC. Based on this, it is assumed that the development of the territory to the of west of Zaiacha Ravine began during this time. The construction of a defensive system with moat and rampart led to the allocation of a new zone of Olbia city due to the growth of the urban population.
{"title":"East Greek and Corinthian Pottery from the So-called Olbian Suburb (Excavations 2015—2021)","authors":"A. V. Buiskykh, Jochen Fornasier, O. H. Kuzmishchev","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2023.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with East Greek and Corinthian painted wares found during the excavations of the so-called suburb of Olbia. The analysis of the imported painted and plain tableware and special vessels allows us to conclude that the formation of this ceramic complex began in the last quarter of the 6th century BC. Based on this, it is assumed that the development of the territory to the of west of Zaiacha Ravine began during this time. The construction of a defensive system with moat and rampart led to the allocation of a new zone of Olbia city due to the growth of the urban population.","PeriodicalId":52785,"journal":{"name":"Arkheologiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135098847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.123
I. M. Butskyi, A. V. Yurchenko, A. V. Korokhina
In the paper, the technological aspects of the pottery production at the Balka Kantserka settlement are considered. In particular, the reconstruction of the process of manufacturing of three-handed gray-ware jars which were mass-produced at the settlement is carried out. They were constructed from separately manufactured parts: body, neck, handles and spout. At the same time, in some cases, handles and knob-shaped decorative elements were attached to already dried and even decorated vessels. The presence of different types of the same structural parts, decorative elements and their technical solutions indicates that the jars were not made by one craftsman, but by a group of craftsmen who had different skills and tastes. The fact that the vessels of different masters were found in a complex associated with one particular kiln indicates that it was used simultaneously by a group of potters. For other technological groups (hand-built pottery, amphorae and fragments with individual technological features), it was possible to reliably determine only the composition of the paste. It was found out that the hand-built pottery at the settlement are represented by five recipes, of which at least three can be associated with the Penkivska culture, which surrounded Balka Kantserka. Fragments of amphorae are characterised by a natural admixture that made up to 1/5 of limestone and about 1/7 of sand. As for the recipes represented by individual fragments, it is difficult to interpret them for sure at the moment. The fact that the ceramic complex obtained by the excavations does not contain physically or archaeologically complete vessels, currently makes it difficult to quantify the types of structural elements of the vessels and their decoration, which would allow judging the possible number of potters who used the kiln.
{"title":"Balka Kantserka: technological aspects of pottery production","authors":"I. M. Butskyi, A. V. Yurchenko, A. V. Korokhina","doi":"10.15407/arheologia2023.03.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.03.123","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, the technological aspects of the pottery production at the Balka Kantserka settlement are considered. In particular, the reconstruction of the process of manufacturing of three-handed gray-ware jars which were mass-produced at the settlement is carried out. They were constructed from separately manufactured parts: body, neck, handles and spout. At the same time, in some cases, handles and knob-shaped decorative elements were attached to already dried and even decorated vessels. The presence of different types of the same structural parts, decorative elements and their technical solutions indicates that the jars were not made by one craftsman, but by a group of craftsmen who had different skills and tastes. The fact that the vessels of different masters were found in a complex associated with one particular kiln indicates that it was used simultaneously by a group of potters. For other technological groups (hand-built pottery, amphorae and fragments with individual technological features), it was possible to reliably determine only the composition of the paste. It was found out that the hand-built pottery at the settlement are represented by five recipes, of which at least three can be associated with the Penkivska culture, which surrounded Balka Kantserka. Fragments of amphorae are characterised by a natural admixture that made up to 1/5 of limestone and about 1/7 of sand. As for the recipes represented by individual fragments, it is difficult to interpret them for sure at the moment. The fact that the ceramic complex obtained by the excavations does not contain physically or archaeologically complete vessels, currently makes it difficult to quantify the types of structural elements of the vessels and their decoration, which would allow judging the possible number of potters who used the kiln.","PeriodicalId":52785,"journal":{"name":"Arkheologiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135098685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.109
O. P. Motsia, V. M. Skorokhod, V. S. Zhyhola, Yu. M. Sytyi
New archeological research was conducted in the Suburbs of Chernihiv in 2022. It was 150 m to the west from the defensive line of the Okolny Grad and this made it possible to study this part of the city and trace its development in different chronological horizons. At the end of the 10th — at the beginning of the 11th centuries this place was used as a barrow and soil burial ground. At the end of the 11th century there emerged manor buildings directly near the fortifications, which could have been destroyed in 1094. At this time three residential buildings were registered. The boundaries of estates in the shape of ditches from fences appeared at this stage and had the same borders for all time periods. In the first half of the 12th century new buildings were erected, which could also have been destroyed in the fire in 1152. A clay oven was discovered in one of the houses, where the plinth was used as a structural element during its construction. Fragments of the plinth were also found in other buildings. The parameters of such a plinth are similar to the plinth of the Illinska Church on the Boldyni Hory near the entrance to the caves. A similar plinth is found in the masonry of the Saints Borys and Hlib Cathedral. In the second half of the 12th — the first half of the 13th centuries increased the number of houses and household building. At one of them a processed elk horns were found, that can indicate a bone-cutting workshop. During all chronological periods manor buildings were fixed, but houses, household buildings and fences were always oriented by walls on the sides of the world. Constructions of the first half of the 13th century could have disappeared as a result of a fire during military operations in 1234—1235 or after the Mongol invasion. After the cessation of life in this part of the city, a cemetery appeared on the territory of the former estates, the burials of which were arranged in the pits of houses of the first half of the 13th century. The cemetery could function even after the Mongol invasion. The density of buildings and the presence of burials from different time periods attest to the intensive use of this part of the Suburbs of Chernihiv during Old Rus period.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-07DOI: 10.15407/arheologia2023.03.045
I. B. Teslenko, L. V. Myronenko
The focus of the study is Byzantine pottery together with its archaeological context from the excavations of Bilhorod (Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine), led by L. D. Dmitrov in 1945, 1947, 1949, 1950, and A. I. Furmanska in 1953, which is kept in the Scientific Repository of the Institute of Archaeology of the NAS of Ukraine. First of all, the authors concentrated on the analysis of the stratigraphic data at the excavation site and the chronology of its cultural layers and building horizons, from which the ceramic material originates. An analysis of the numismatic finds showed the existence of residential buildings in the studied area from the end of the 13th century until about the middle of the 15th century. The latest date is particularly interesting, because it was previously thought that the quarter ceased to exist at the beginning of the 15th century. Then, based on the visually detectable features of the raw materials, there were identified five technological groups of earthenware pottery in the Byzantine imported ceramics from these excavations and specified their chronological position, area of distribution, and possible localisation of their workshops. The first of them is similar to the Novy Svet (NS) group (fig. 3). It belongs to the heterogenous SCC (Sgraffito with Concentric Circles) stylistic family. The peak of the spread of such pottery in the Northern Black Sea region was between the last third of the 13th — the beginning of the 14th century. Such ceramics were produced in many workshops of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, but the origin of the NS group has not been clarified yet. The second group of tableware morphologically and stylistically quite varied (fig. 4; 5: 5—9; 6: 1—8, 11; 7; 8: 1—3). It probably originated from the pottery centres that functioned for a long time, at least from the late 13th to the mid-15th century. Some of decorative series (SCC, with 8-shaped figures, monograms, with thin strips of dark green painting and others) can be used as chronological indicators for different periods of time between late 13th to the mid-15th centuries. The results of archaeometrical study are introduced at least for some of the stylistic series that allowed associating its origin, with the ceramic workshops of Constantinople the remains of which were found in the Sirkeci neighborhood in the Eminönü quarter of the Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. All the mentioned above was the most interesting, because it provided data for clarifying both the chronology of the activity of these workshops and the different types of its wares in future perspectives. The ceramics of the third (the EIW stylistic family), and the fifth (kitchen glazed ware) groups (fig. 5: 1—4 and 8: 5) had also a precise chronology and so could be used as indicators for dating the archaeological contexts within the second half of the 14th — the beginning of the 15th century and the end of the 13th — the second third of the 14th century respec
研究的重点是拜占庭陶器及其考古背景，这些考古背景来自Bilhorod (Bilhorod- dnistrovskyi，敖德萨州，乌克兰)的发掘，由L. D. Dmitrov于1945年，1947年，1949年，1950年和A. I. Furmanska于1953年领导，保存在乌克兰国家科学院考古研究所的科学库中。首先，作者着重分析了发掘现场的地层资料和陶瓷材料来源的文化层和建筑层的年代学。对钱币发现的分析表明，从13世纪末到15世纪中叶，研究地区存在住宅建筑。最新的日期特别有趣，因为之前人们认为，quarter在15世纪初就不存在了。然后，根据原材料的视觉可检测特征，从这些发掘的拜占庭进口陶瓷中确定了五个技术组的陶器，并指定了它们的时间位置、分布区域和可能的车间位置。第一类与Novy Svet (NS)类群相似(图3)，属于异质同心圆Sgraffito (Sgraffito with Concentric Circles)风格族。这种陶器在黑海北部地区传播的高峰是在13世纪的最后三分之一到14世纪初之间。黑海和地中海地区的许多作坊都生产过这种陶瓷，但NS组的起源尚未查明。第二组餐具在形态和风格上变化很大(图4;5: 5 - 9;6: 1 - 8,11;7;8: 1 - 3)。它可能起源于长期运作的陶器中心，至少从13世纪末到15世纪中叶。一些装饰系列(SCC，有8字形的人物，字母组合，墨绿色的细条画和其他)可以作为13世纪末到15世纪中期不同时期的时间指标。考古研究的结果至少介绍了一些风格系列，这些风格系列允许将其起源与君士坦丁堡的陶瓷作坊联系起来，这些陶瓷作坊的遗迹是在土耳其伊斯坦布尔法提赫区Eminönü区的Sirkeci附近发现的。上面所提到的一切都是最有趣的，因为它提供了数据，以澄清这些讲习班活动的年表和其未来前景的不同类型的产品。第三组(EIW风格家族)和第五组(厨房釉面器皿)的陶瓷(图5:1 - 4和8:5)也有精确的年表，因此可以作为14世纪下半叶(15世纪初)和13世纪末(14世纪后三分之一世纪)考古背景的测年指标。这两个群体的起源尚不清楚。
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