This paper proposes a formal analysis of two displacement phenomena in Mandarin Chinese, namely inner topicalisation and focus fronting, capturing their correlational relationships with control and complementation. It examines a range of relevant data, including corpus examples, to derive empirical generalisations. Acceptability-judgment tasks, followed by mixed-effects statistical models, were conducted to provide additional evidence. This paper presents a constraintbased lexicalist proposal that is couched in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). The lexicon plays an important role in regulating the behaviour of complementation verbs as they participate in the displacement phenomena. Unlike previous analyses that cast inner topicalisation and focus fronting as restructuring phenomena, this lexicalist proposal does not rely on hypothesised clause-size differences. It captures the empirical properties more accurately and accounts for a wider range of empirical patterns. Adopting the formally explicit framework of LFG, this proposal uses constraints that have mathematical precision. The constraints are computationally implemented using the grammar engineering tool Xerox Linguistic Environment, safeguarding their precision.
{"title":"Control, inner topicalisation, and focus fronting in Mandarin Chinese: modelling in parallel constraint-based grammatical architecture","authors":"Chit-Fung Lam","doi":"10.15398/jlm.v12i1.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v12i1.365","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a formal analysis of two displacement phenomena in Mandarin Chinese, namely inner topicalisation and focus fronting, capturing their correlational relationships with control and complementation. It examines a range of relevant data, including corpus examples, to derive empirical generalisations. Acceptability-judgment tasks, followed by mixed-effects statistical models, were conducted to provide additional evidence. This paper presents a constraintbased lexicalist proposal that is couched in the framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG). The lexicon plays an important role in regulating the behaviour of complementation verbs as they participate in the displacement phenomena. Unlike previous analyses that cast inner topicalisation and focus fronting as restructuring phenomena, this lexicalist proposal does not rely on hypothesised clause-size differences. It captures the empirical properties more accurately and accounts for a wider range of empirical patterns. Adopting the formally explicit framework of LFG, this proposal uses constraints that have mathematical precision. The constraints are computationally implemented using the grammar engineering tool Xerox Linguistic Environment, safeguarding their precision.","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domagoj Ševerdija, Rebeka Čorić, Lucian Šošić, Marko Orešković
All verbal forms in the Croatian language can be derived from two basic forms: the infinitive and the present stems. In this paper, we present a neural computation model that takes a verb in an infinitive form and finds a mapping to a present form. The same model can be applied vice-versa, i.e. map a verb from its present form to its infinitive form. Knowing the present form of a given verb, one can deduce its inflections using grammatical rules. We experiment with our model on the Croatian language, which belongs to the Slavic group of languages. The model learns a classifier through these two classification tasks and uses class activation mapping to find characters in verbs contributing to classification. The model detects patterns that follow established grammatical rules for deriving the present stem form from the infinitive stem form and vice-versa. If mappings can be found between such slots, the rest of the slots can be deduced using a rule-based system.
{"title":"Detecting inflectional patterns for Croatian verb stems using class activation mappings","authors":"Domagoj Ševerdija, Rebeka Čorić, Lucian Šošić, Marko Orešković","doi":"10.15398/jlm.v12i1.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v12i1.347","url":null,"abstract":"All verbal forms in the Croatian language can be derived from two basic forms: the infinitive and the present stems. In this paper, we present a neural computation model that takes a verb in an infinitive form and finds a mapping to a present form. The same model can be applied vice-versa, i.e. map a verb from its present form to its infinitive form. Knowing the present form of a given verb, one can deduce its inflections using grammatical rules. We experiment with our model on the Croatian language, which belongs to the Slavic group of languages. The model learns a classifier through these two classification tasks and uses class activation mapping to find characters in verbs contributing to classification. The model detects patterns that follow established grammatical rules for deriving the present stem form from the infinitive stem form and vice-versa. If mappings can be found between such slots, the rest of the slots can be deduced using a rule-based system.","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructional approaches in formal grammar","authors":"Nurit Melnik, Manfred Sailer","doi":"10.15398/jlm.v11i2.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v11i2.398","url":null,"abstract":"our three","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Dutch anaphoric possessive construction (APC), as exemplified by Tom zijn fiets ‘Tom his bike’, shows a peculiar mix of regularity and idiosyncracy. The article provides a theory-neutral description of its properties and quantitative information about its use in two treebanks, one of spoken Dutch (CGN) and one of written Dutch (Lassy Small). It argues that the APC has a right branching structure and models it in the framework of Constructional Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The latter’s organization of constructions in terms of a finegrained hierarchy of phrase types is shown to provide the means to capture both what the APC has in common with other possessive constructions and what is idiosyncratic of it.
以 Tom zijn fiets 'Tom his bike'（汤姆的自行车）为例，荷兰语的拟物主格结构（APC）显示出规律性和特异性的奇特结合。文章对 APC 的属性进行了理论中立的描述，并提供了有关其在两个树库（一个是口语荷兰语树库（CGN），另一个是书面荷兰语树库（Lassy Small））中使用情况的定量信息。报告认为 APC 具有正确的分支结构，并将其建模在构造头驱动的短语结构语法框架内。后者以短语类型的精细层次结构来组织结构，这为捕捉 APC 与其他所有格结构的共性及其特异性提供了方法。
{"title":"Dutch anaphoric possessive construction","authors":"Frank Van Eynde","doi":"10.15398/jlm.v11i2.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v11i2.337","url":null,"abstract":"The Dutch anaphoric possessive construction (APC), as exemplified by Tom zijn fiets ‘Tom his bike’, shows a peculiar mix of regularity and idiosyncracy. The article provides a theory-neutral description of its properties and quantitative information about its use in two treebanks, one of spoken Dutch (CGN) and one of written Dutch (Lassy Small). It argues that the APC has a right branching structure and models it in the framework of Constructional Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The latter’s organization of constructions in terms of a finegrained hierarchy of phrase types is shown to provide the means to capture both what the APC has in common with other possessive constructions and what is idiosyncratic of it.","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a lexicalist, constraint-based grammatical theory that shares a lot of the basic assumptions of Construction Grammar (CxG), such as a commitment to surface-oriented descriptions (no transformations), and the simultaneous representation of form, meaning, and other grammatical information (no derivations). Nevertheless, LFG is not standardly viewed as a kind of CxG, in particular since its adherence to the principle of Lexical Integrity means that it insists on a strict morphology-syntax distinction where CxG canonically rejects such a divide. However, such a distinction is in fact entirely compatible with CxG assumptions; the actual problem with viewing LFG as a CxG is the difficulty it has in describing the more substantive end of the schematic-substantive spectrum of constructions. I suggest that by replacing the limited context-free grammar base of LFG responsible for this shortcoming with a more expressive formalism (in this case a description-based tree-adjoining grammar), we can obtain a fully constructional LFG, suitable as a formal framework for CxG.
{"title":"Lexical Functional Grammar as a Construction Grammar","authors":"Jamie Y. Findlay","doi":"10.15398/jlm.v11i2.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v11i2.338","url":null,"abstract":"Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a lexicalist, constraint-based grammatical theory that shares a lot of the basic assumptions of Construction Grammar (CxG), such as a commitment to surface-oriented descriptions (no transformations), and the simultaneous representation of form, meaning, and other grammatical information (no derivations). Nevertheless, LFG is not standardly viewed as a kind of CxG, in particular since its adherence to the principle of Lexical Integrity means that it insists on a strict morphology-syntax distinction where CxG canonically rejects such a divide. However, such a distinction is in fact entirely compatible with CxG assumptions; the actual problem with viewing LFG as a CxG is the difficulty it has in describing the more substantive end of the schematic-substantive spectrum of constructions. I suggest that by replacing the limited context-free grammar base of LFG responsible for this shortcoming with a more expressive formalism (in this case a description-based tree-adjoining grammar), we can obtain a fully constructional LFG, suitable as a formal framework for CxG.","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Elsner, Andrea D. Sims, Alexander Erdmann, A. Hernandez, Evan Jaffe, Lifeng Jin, Martha Booker Johnson, Shuan O. Karim, David L. King, Luana Lamberti Nunes, Byung-Doh Oh, Nathan Rasmussen, Cory Shain, Stephanie Antetomaso, Kendra V. Dickinson, N. Diewald, Michelle Mckenzie, S. Stevens-Guille
We survey research using neural sequence-to-sequence models as compu-tational models of morphological learning and learnability. We discusstheir use in determining the predictability of inflectional exponents, inmaking predictions about language acquisition and in modeling languagechange. Finally, we make some proposals for future work in these areas.
{"title":"Modeling morphological learning, typology, and change: What can the neural sequence-to-sequence framework contribute?","authors":"M. Elsner, Andrea D. Sims, Alexander Erdmann, A. Hernandez, Evan Jaffe, Lifeng Jin, Martha Booker Johnson, Shuan O. Karim, David L. King, Luana Lamberti Nunes, Byung-Doh Oh, Nathan Rasmussen, Cory Shain, Stephanie Antetomaso, Kendra V. Dickinson, N. Diewald, Michelle Mckenzie, S. Stevens-Guille","doi":"10.15398/jlm.v7i1.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/jlm.v7i1.244","url":null,"abstract":"We survey research using neural sequence-to-sequence models as compu-tational models of morphological learning and learnability. We discusstheir use in determining the predictability of inflectional exponents, inmaking predictions about language acquisition and in modeling languagechange. Finally, we make some proposals for future work in these areas.","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85186515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"External Reviewers 2016–2018","authors":"E. Hajnicz","doi":"10.15398/JLM.V6I2.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15398/JLM.V6I2.241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53310,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Modelling","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89373965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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