Freshwater turtles often utilize basking habitats, allowing researchers to obtain population estimates and relative abundances from visual observations via spotting scopes in addition to other traditional trapping methods. Emerging technologies, such as camera trapping with wildlife trail cameras have been extensively utilized in other taxa, primarily mammals and in reptiles such as terrestrial tortoises, but to a lesser extent for monitoring freshwater turtles. Given their ability to bask, combining readily available non-invasive camera traps with standardized platforms may aid researchers study freshwater turtle populations and basking behavior. We assessed this method by deploying a novel artificial basking platform design in tandem with camera traps for weekly monitoring of turtles at a small semi-urban pond in central North Carolina for six months (April to September 2018). Basking behavior was documented with 1098 observations, with the number of turtles utilizing platforms varying according to season, and overall peak use during late spring and early fall. We also noted shifts in artificial basking structure use by species, with Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, replacing Yellow-bellied slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, as the dominant basking species over time. Conservation managers should consider using both platforms and trail cameras, for monitoring of freshwater basking turtle populations and as a metric for turtle presence or for detailed studies of behavior.
{"title":"Turtles and trail cameras: non-invasive monitoring using artificial platforms","authors":"S. Unger, A. Santana","doi":"10.11160/BAH.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.169","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 \u0000Freshwater turtles often utilize basking habitats, allowing researchers to obtain population estimates and relative abundances from visual observations via spotting scopes in addition to other traditional trapping methods. Emerging technologies, such as camera trapping with wildlife trail cameras have been extensively utilized in other taxa, primarily mammals and in reptiles such as terrestrial tortoises, but to a lesser extent for monitoring freshwater turtles. Given their ability to bask, combining readily available non-invasive camera traps with standardized platforms may aid researchers study freshwater turtle populations and basking behavior. We assessed this method by deploying a novel artificial basking platform design in tandem with camera traps for weekly monitoring of turtles at a small semi-urban pond in central North Carolina for six months (April to September 2018). Basking behavior was documented with 1098 observations, with the number of turtles utilizing platforms varying according to season, and overall peak use during late spring and early fall. We also noted shifts in artificial basking structure use by species, with Painted turtles, Chrysemys picta, replacing Yellow-bellied slider turtles, Trachemys scripta, as the dominant basking species over time. Conservation managers should consider using both platforms and trail cameras, for monitoring of freshwater basking turtle populations and as a metric for turtle presence or for detailed studies of behavior. ","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74812989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psammodromus algirus from Madrid, Ãvila, and Cádiz provinces, Spain, and P. occidentalis from Cádiz province were examined for the presence of external and internal parasites. Among those parasites represented were: Ixodes inopinatus (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae); Haemaphysalis punctata (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae); Skrjabinelazia cf. taurica (Nematoda, Secernentea, Ascaridida, Seuratidae); Spauligodon carbonelli (Nematoda: Secernentea, Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae); Parapharyngodon psammodromi (Nematoda, Secernentea, Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae); Abbreviata abbreviata (Nematoda, Secernentea, Physalopteroidea, Physalopteridae); Mesocestoides sp. (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoididae); and Oochoristica cf. tuberculata (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Davaineidae). Details regarding localities from which host species were collected, number of parasites and sites of attachment, and estimates of prevalence and intensities of infection are presented. Nematode diversity, along with parasite prevalence, parasitaemia, and relationship to elevation are also discussed. A table of Psammodromus parasites in Spain is also included
{"title":"Parasites in Spanish populations of Psammodromus algirus (Algerian sand lizard, lagartija colilarga) and Psammodromus occidentalis (Western sand lizard, lagarto de arena occidental) (Squamata, Lacertidae, Gallotiinae)","authors":"S. Busack, C. Bursey, L. Durden","doi":"10.11160/bah.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/bah.167","url":null,"abstract":"Psammodromus algirus from Madrid, Ãvila, and Cádiz provinces, Spain, and P. occidentalis from Cádiz province were examined for the presence of external and internal parasites. Among those parasites represented were: Ixodes inopinatus (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae); Haemaphysalis punctata (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Acari, Ixodidae); Skrjabinelazia cf. taurica (Nematoda, Secernentea, Ascaridida, Seuratidae); Spauligodon carbonelli (Nematoda: Secernentea, Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae); Parapharyngodon psammodromi (Nematoda, Secernentea, Oxyurida, Pharyngodonidae); Abbreviata abbreviata (Nematoda, Secernentea, Physalopteroidea, Physalopteridae); Mesocestoides sp. (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Mesocestoididae); and Oochoristica cf. tuberculata (Platyhelminthes, Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea, Davaineidae). Details regarding localities from which host species were collected, number of parasites and sites of attachment, and estimates of prevalence and intensities of infection are presented. Nematode diversity, along with parasite prevalence, parasitaemia, and relationship to elevation are also discussed. A table of Psammodromus parasites in Spain is also included","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"118 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72469486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Mabrouki, A. F. Taybi, A. Skalli, Alberto Sánchez‐Vialas
Monitoring amphibian populations, especially over fragile ecosystems such as arid and semiarid landscapes, helps to detect demographic trends and ecological risks. During several campaigns carried out between 2013 and 2017 across the Moulouya River Basin and the Oriental Region of Morocco, we identified nine amphibian species from the 11 previously recorded. Amphibian population threats were also detected. In this work, we focused on the amphibians of the Oriental Region of Morocco with the aims to (1) update their distribution providing new records, (2) confirm the prevalence of some vulnerable species in the region, and (3) provide an overview of the ecology and conservation status of each species at a regional level.
{"title":"Amphibians of the Oriental Region and the Moulouya River Basin of Morocco: distribution and conservation notes","authors":"Y. Mabrouki, A. F. Taybi, A. Skalli, Alberto Sánchez‐Vialas","doi":"10.11160/BAH.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.134","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring amphibian populations, especially over fragile ecosystems such as arid and semiarid landscapes, helps to detect demographic trends and ecological risks. During several campaigns carried out between 2013 and 2017 across the Moulouya River Basin and the Oriental Region of Morocco, we identified nine amphibian species from the 11 previously recorded. Amphibian population threats were also detected. In this work, we focused on the amphibians of the Oriental Region of Morocco with the aims to (1) update their distribution providing new records, (2) confirm the prevalence of some vulnerable species in the region, and (3) provide an overview of the ecology and conservation status of each species at a regional level.","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91024394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Montori, Olatz San Sebastián, M. Franch, E. Pujol-Buxó, G. Llorente, A. Fernandez-Loras, À. Richter-Boix, J. Bosch
We analyse if the presence of the invasive Discoglossus pictus and the native Epidalea calamita in the same geographic area can shape the dynamics of infection by Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis (Bd). Both amphibian species share breeding habitat preferences in the area (i.e. ephemeral and temporary ponds) and are common syntopic competitors. We sampled adults of either species in a total of nine breeding localities in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula): six localities within sympatric geographic areas, two localities outside the current invasion range of D. pictus, and one locality comprising solely D. pictus due to its recent introduction and the ancient extinction of E. calamita. We analysed the prevalence and intensity of infection by Bd in 183 individuals (81 D. pictus and 101 E. calamita). The presence of Bd was detected in eight of the localities, all of which had not been yet confirmed as positive for the fungus. Only in one locality, with presence of D. pictus, Bd presence was not detected. Mean prevalence was slightly but non-significantly higher in E. calamita (46.5%) than in D. pictus (36.6%). Allopatric populations of E. calamita showed significantly lower prevalence of Bd infection than sympatric ones, but similar differences were not found for infection intensity. Likewise, no significant differences were found in infection intensity between allopatric and sympatric D. pictus populations. The presence of abundant Bd outside the invasion range of D. pictus supports the assertion that Bd has not been introduced in the studied area because of D. pictus invasion. However, the presence of the two species in sympatry may enhance the infection rates and therefore the prevalence of Bd in the native species.
{"title":"Observations on the intensity and prevalence of Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis in sympatric and allopatric Epidalea calamita (native) and Discoglossus pictus (invasive) populations","authors":"A. Montori, Olatz San Sebastián, M. Franch, E. Pujol-Buxó, G. Llorente, A. Fernandez-Loras, À. Richter-Boix, J. Bosch","doi":"10.11160/BAH.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.137","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse if the presence of the invasive Discoglossus pictus and the native Epidalea calamita in the same geographic area can shape the dynamics of infection by Batrachochytridium dendrobatidis (Bd). Both amphibian species share breeding habitat preferences in the area (i.e. ephemeral and temporary ponds) and are common syntopic competitors. We sampled adults of either species in a total of nine breeding localities in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula): six localities within sympatric geographic areas, two localities outside the current invasion range of D. pictus, and one locality comprising solely D. pictus due to its recent introduction and the ancient extinction of E. calamita. We analysed the prevalence and intensity of infection by Bd in 183 individuals (81 D. pictus and 101 E. calamita). The presence of Bd was detected in eight of the localities, all of which had not been yet confirmed as positive for the fungus. Only in one locality, with presence of D. pictus, Bd presence was not detected. Mean prevalence was slightly but non-significantly higher in E. calamita (46.5%) than in D. pictus (36.6%). Allopatric populations of E. calamita showed significantly lower prevalence of Bd infection than sympatric ones, but similar differences were not found for infection intensity. Likewise, no significant differences were found in infection intensity between allopatric and sympatric D. pictus populations. The presence of abundant Bd outside the invasion range of D. pictus supports the assertion that Bd has not been introduced in the studied area because of D. pictus invasion. However, the presence of the two species in sympatry may enhance the infection rates and therefore the prevalence of Bd in the native species. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79565626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gonzalo Alarcos, J. Madrigal‐González, M. Lizana, F. Flechoso
There are many biometric differences between the males and females of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) as regards their size, colouring, the shape of the plastron, tail, etc. The males use their claws to grasp the female during copulation and hence sexual selection should favour the males that have larger claws, which allow them to grasp the female better. Here, we address this type of sexual dimorphism in a comparative analysis of indices obtained from claw length, the length of the carapace and the locality where individuals were sampled. The results show that the curvature of the claws differs between the two sexes, being longer in males and increasing with age, size, and hence, the state of sexual maturity, than in females. Greater claw length could confer advantages for males when grasping the carapace of females, and hence, improve their reproductive fitness. Importance in the reproductive success that might have this feature in males could originate future studies that will relate the shape, thickness, length and other measures of the claws in males with their reproductive success in different populations, genetic variety, and most importantly, viability of populations.
{"title":"Sexual dimorphism in the claws of the European terrapin (Emys orbicularis): potential implications for the reproductive fitness of the species.","authors":"Gonzalo Alarcos, J. Madrigal‐González, M. Lizana, F. Flechoso","doi":"10.11160/BAH.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.91","url":null,"abstract":"There are many biometric differences between the males and females of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) as regards their size, colouring, the shape of the plastron, tail, etc. The males use their claws to grasp the female during copulation and hence sexual selection should favour the males that have larger claws, which allow them to grasp the female better. Here, we address this type of sexual dimorphism in a comparative analysis of indices obtained from claw length, the length of the carapace and the locality where individuals were sampled. The results show that the curvature of the claws differs between the two sexes, being longer in males and increasing with age, size, and hence, the state of sexual maturity, than in females. Greater claw length could confer advantages for males when grasping the carapace of females, and hence, improve their reproductive fitness. Importance in the reproductive success that might have this feature in males could originate future studies that will relate the shape, thickness, length and other measures of the claws in males with their reproductive success in different populations, genetic variety, and most importantly, viability of populations.","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83557898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe the diet of the Iberian common toad (Bufo spinosus) in a locality in central Spain. The sample consisted of individuals that were road-killed in road M-301 between Madrid and San MartÃn de la Vega during their seasonal migration events in spring and fall. The diet of B. spinosus comprises up to 42 different taxonomic families of invertebrates, of which Julidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, and Formicidae were the most abundant. When considering the biomass of these prey, the results were consistent except for Formicidae, whose importance is limited (2.63% of the total biomass). Biomass estimations for Julidae were compared to empirically obtained data, which showed a high content of inorganic matter (41.4%) in these invertebrates. Nevertheless, Julidae is still the leading contributor in consumed biomass in our samples (42%). We highlight the occurrence of supposedly unpalatable (Lampyridae) and nutritionally poor items (vegetal matter and fecal pellets of lagomorphs).
我们描述了在西班牙中部的一个地方的伊比利亚普通蟾蜍(Bufo spinosus)的饮食。样本包括在春季和秋季季节迁徙期间在马德里和圣MartÃ-n de la Vega之间的M-301公路上被公路撞死的个体。棘棘小蠊的食性包括多达42个不同分类科的无脊椎动物，其中以棘足科、足足科、棘足科和蚁足科最为丰富。考虑到这些猎物的生物量，除蚁科外，结果一致，其重要性有限(占总生物量的2.63%)。结果表明，无脊椎动物中无机物含量较高(41.4%)。尽管如此，在我们的样本中，Julidae仍然是消耗生物量的主要贡献者(42%)。我们强调了据称难吃的(Lampyridae)和营养不良的物品(植物物质和粪球)的发生。
Morphological differentiation and sexual dimorphism in the two genetically distinct clades (Northern and Southern clades) of the Lorestan newt, Neurergus kaiseri, was evaluated for 72 live specimens, using five body- and nine head-related characters and eight calculated ratios. Principle component analysis of morphological characters confirmed that the Lorestan newt populations are well separated into two distinct groups, suggesting that a taxonomic revision in N. kaiseri may be required because of significant molecular, morphological and ecological differences between these clades. Sexual dimorphism in N. kaiseri includes body size and shape. Females were clearly larger than males in most body- and head-related variables and males had relatively greater head width and eye length. Sexual dimorphism in this species may be linked to sexual selection and ecological differences between sexes. However, many aspects of the ecology and reproductive biology of this species remain unknown.
{"title":"Morphological distinction and sexual dimorphism in divergent clades of Neurergus kaiseri (Amphibia: Salamandridae)","authors":"H. Khoshnamvand, M. Malekian, Y. Keivany","doi":"10.11160/BAH.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.102","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological differentiation and sexual dimorphism in the two genetically distinct clades (Northern and Southern clades) of the Lorestan newt, Neurergus kaiseri, was evaluated for 72 live specimens, using five body- and nine head-related characters and eight calculated ratios. Principle component analysis of morphological characters confirmed that the Lorestan newt populations are well separated into two distinct groups, suggesting that a taxonomic revision in N. kaiseri may be required because of significant molecular, morphological and ecological differences between these clades. Sexual dimorphism in N. kaiseri includes body size and shape. Females were clearly larger than males in most body- and head-related variables and males had relatively greater head width and eye length. Sexual dimorphism in this species may be linked to sexual selection and ecological differences between sexes. However, many aspects of the ecology and reproductive biology of this species remain unknown.","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73201334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exotic animal invasions constitute a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Our assessment determined the core range occupied by the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) in the urban area of Parque das Nações (Lisbon, Portugal), where it was accidentally introduced two decades ago. Des-pite the apparent current scenario of non-expansion, the alien species interferes with the local distribution pattern of the native P. virescens, with both lizard species shown to use the available microhabitats differently. The native P. virescens population displays an overall heterogeneous distribution in the urban matrix. On the other hand, the occupancy of the exotic species clusters within the original area of introduction (garden in front of the Lisbon Oceanarium), as well as in adjacent gardens. There, P. siculus replaced the native P. virescens as the only lizard species present. Appa-rently, there is no known reason there that prevents the alien lizard from colonizing more available geographic area and expanding.
外来动物的入侵对全球生物多样性构成了重大威胁。我们的评估确定了意大利壁虎(Podarcis siculus)在Parque das Nações(葡萄牙里斯本)市区所占据的核心范围，它是20年前意外引入的。尽管目前明显没有扩张，但外来物种干扰了本地绿纹蜥蜴的分布模式，两种蜥蜴对可用微栖息地的使用方式不同。本地绿桫椤种群在城市基质中总体上呈现异质性分布。另一方面，外来物种聚集在原引进区域(里斯本海洋馆前的花园)以及邻近的花园内。在那里，P. siculus取代了当地的P. virescens成为唯一存在的蜥蜴物种。显然，没有任何已知的原因可以阻止外星蜥蜴在更多可用的地理区域殖民和扩张。
{"title":"Where to live in Lisbon: urban habitat used by the introduced Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus)","authors":"R. Ribeiro, P. Sá-Sousa","doi":"10.11160/BAH.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.101","url":null,"abstract":"Exotic animal invasions constitute a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Our assessment determined the core range occupied by the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus) in the urban area of Parque das Nações (Lisbon, Portugal), where it was accidentally introduced two decades ago. Des-pite the apparent current scenario of non-expansion, the alien species interferes with the local distribution pattern of the native P. virescens, with both lizard species shown to use the available microhabitats differently. The native P. virescens population displays an overall heterogeneous distribution in the urban matrix. On the other hand, the occupancy of the exotic species clusters within the original area of introduction (garden in front of the Lisbon Oceanarium), as well as in adjacent gardens. There, P. siculus replaced the native P. virescens as the only lizard species present. Appa-rently, there is no known reason there that prevents the alien lizard from colonizing more available geographic area and expanding.","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90354648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuomas Aivelo, Kendall Harris, J. Cadle, P. Wright
The diversity of Anuran parasites is poorly surveyed, despite arguably being one of the most important threats to anuran populations worldwide. Additionally, parasites also interact with a number of other stressors, such as invasive species, pollution, sedimentation and changing light conditions, caused by anthropogenic disturbance in natural habitats. We aimed to explore the use of metabarcoding, a new, non-invasive tool to survey the parasite assemblages in frogs in different environments facing different levels of anthropogenic pressure. We collected fecal samples from frogs across three different transects in Ranomafana National Park, located in southeastern Madagascar, and then used the 18S metabarcoding technique to identify nematode species from the collected fecal samples. We were able to find four different putative species, which were all identified to the genus level. In comparison to the literature on previous surveys done with traditional methods, the metabarcoding approach seems to provide similar diversity estimates and taxonomical accuracy. Our results suggest that non-invasive sampling and metabarcoding can provide a suitable tool for intestinal parasite surveys in anuran host populations.
{"title":"Exploring non-invasive sampling of parasites by metabarcoding gastrointestinal nematodes in Madagascar frog species","authors":"Tuomas Aivelo, Kendall Harris, J. Cadle, P. Wright","doi":"10.11160/BAH.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11160/BAH.92","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of Anuran parasites is poorly surveyed, despite arguably being one of the most important threats to anuran populations worldwide. Additionally, parasites also interact with a number of other stressors, such as invasive species, pollution, sedimentation and changing light conditions, caused by anthropogenic disturbance in natural habitats. We aimed to explore the use of metabarcoding, a new, non-invasive tool to survey the parasite assemblages in frogs in different environments facing different levels of anthropogenic pressure. We collected fecal samples from frogs across three different transects in Ranomafana National Park, located in southeastern Madagascar, and then used the 18S metabarcoding technique to identify nematode species from the collected fecal samples. We were able to find four different putative species, which were all identified to the genus level. In comparison to the literature on previous surveys done with traditional methods, the metabarcoding approach seems to provide similar diversity estimates and taxonomical accuracy. Our results suggest that non-invasive sampling and metabarcoding can provide a suitable tool for intestinal parasite surveys in anuran host populations.","PeriodicalId":53521,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Herpetology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87855532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sydney Bartson, J. Ogilvie, Anna Jean Petroff, Geoffrey R. Smith, Jessica E. Rettig
Pollutant exposure can affect tadpole activity or affect their ability to respond to predator cues. One commonly used chemical in aquatic ecosystems, particularly those in suburban or rural areas, are dyes used to color or tint pond water. Little is known about how such dyes impact amphibians. We examined the effects of Tetra Pond Water Shade pond dye on the activity and behavioural response of Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus) tadpoles to cues from a potential predator, the Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis). Tadpoles of L. sphenocephalus reduced activity after exposure to cues from G. affinis. The pond dye did not affect the activity or response of L. sphenocephalus tadpoles to G. affinis cues. Our results suggest little impact of this dye on the behavior of L. sphenocephalus at concentrations up to twice the recommended usage.
污染物暴露会影响蝌蚪的活动或影响它们对捕食者线索的反应能力。在水生生态系统中，特别是在郊区或农村地区，一种常用的化学物质是用于给池塘水上色或染色的染料。人们对这种染料如何影响两栖动物知之甚少。我们研究了Tetra Pond Water Shade Pond dye对南方豹蛙(Lithobates sphenocephalus)蝌蚪对潜在捕食者西方食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)的活动和行为反应的影响。暴露于亲和瓢虫的线索后，凤头瓢虫蝌蚪的活动减少。池塘染料不影响黄颡鱼蝌蚪对黄颡鱼线索的活性和反应。我们的结果表明，这种染料在浓度高达两倍的推荐使用量时对l.s phenhencephalus的行为影响很小。
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