Presbyopia is an age-related condition that results from the gradual decline in accommodation leading to inability to focus at near distances. This study sought to determine the prevalence, correction coverage, unmet need and impact on the quality of life of presbyopia among Bodija market traders in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted on 314 participants aged 35 years and older selected by a non-probability sampling method. Their near vision was tested and corrected to the nearest diopter. Presbyopia was defined as being able to read the N8 optotype at a distance of 40 cm after correction with plus lens of at least one diopter. The prevalence of presbyopia was 46.8% (95% CI: 41.20, 52.5). The prevalence was significantly higher in those aged 50 years or more (95% CI: 2.98, 7.77), in females (95% CI: 1.45, 3.64) and in individuals with no formal education (95%CI: 3.32, 10.91). The presbyopia correction coverage was 29.9% and unmet need was = 70.1%. The major barriers reported as reasons for not obtaining near vision spectacles were lack of money and spectacles not being a priority. Presbyopes reported more difficulty with near work (p<0.001). The prevalence of presbyopia in Bodija market is relatively low compared to other reports with major risk factors being increasing age, female gender and no formal education. Presbyopia correction coverage is low with high unmet need it is important to create awareness and provide affordable and accessible near vision spectacles for those in need.
{"title":"Prevalence, Correction Coverage, Unmet Need and Impact on the Quality of Life of Presbyopia among Market Traders in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"O Adeyemi, C O Bekibele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Presbyopia is an age-related condition that results from the gradual decline in accommodation leading to inability to focus at near distances. This study sought to determine the prevalence, correction coverage, unmet need and impact on the quality of life of presbyopia among Bodija market traders in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted on 314 participants aged 35 years and older selected by a non-probability sampling method. Their near vision was tested and corrected to the nearest diopter. Presbyopia was defined as being able to read the N8 optotype at a distance of 40 cm after correction with plus lens of at least one diopter. The prevalence of presbyopia was 46.8% (95% CI: 41.20, 52.5). The prevalence was significantly higher in those aged 50 years or more (95% CI: 2.98, 7.77), in females (95% CI: 1.45, 3.64) and in individuals with no formal education (95%CI: 3.32, 10.91). The presbyopia correction coverage was 29.9% and unmet need was = 70.1%. The major barriers reported as reasons for not obtaining near vision spectacles were lack of money and spectacles not being a priority. Presbyopes reported more difficulty with near work (p<0.001). The prevalence of presbyopia in Bodija market is relatively low compared to other reports with major risk factors being increasing age, female gender and no formal education. Presbyopia correction coverage is low with high unmet need it is important to create awareness and provide affordable and accessible near vision spectacles for those in need.</p>","PeriodicalId":53615,"journal":{"name":"African Journal Biomedical Research","volume":"23 SE1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10957148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Oladoyinbo, A. M. Abiodun, O. O. Akinbule, I. Okeke, E. B. John
The market place as an occupational environment can predispose to obesity, mainly due to sedentary nature and enhanced access to food. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among traders in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional research design involving 210 (60.3%) males and 140 (39.7%) females randomly selected from three markets (Panseke, Kuto and Asero markets) was conducted using a systematic random sampling method. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess their personal and socio-economic characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and physical activity levels. Nutrient intake was assessed using a validated 24hr Dietary Recall questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI) was derived from height and weight measurements; Waist and hip circumference was taken to assess abdominal obesity. The nutrient intake was analyzed using the adapted Total Diet Allowance (TDA) for windows. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. Based on BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24% and 3.7% respectively. About 39.4% of the respondents had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of general obesity was significantly higher among females than males (p=0.000). Over one-third (41.4%) of the respondent have low physical activity level. About 14.9% of the respondents smoke cigarrete and more than one-third (35.1%) consume alcohol. More than half (58.6%) of the males and 89.7% of the females had excess calorie intake in the past 24 hours. A significant association was observed between BMI and smoking pattern but there was no significant association between BMI, physical activity and alcohol consumption pattern. Carbohydrate, protein and fat were consumed above the recommended dietary allowance, while respondents had inadequate intake of micro-nutrients, as well as fiber. Obesity is of public health concern, therefore, sensitization focused on lifestyle modification and proper dietary choices should be considered.Keywords: Traders, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, dietary habitsAfr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol. 22 (May, 2019); 127- 133
{"title":"Modifiable Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity Among Traders In Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State","authors":"C. Oladoyinbo, A. M. Abiodun, O. O. Akinbule, I. Okeke, E. B. John","doi":"10.4314/AJBR.V22I2.%C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJBR.V22I2.%C","url":null,"abstract":"The market place as an occupational environment can predispose to obesity, mainly due to sedentary nature and enhanced access to food. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among traders in Abeokuta South Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional research design involving 210 (60.3%) males and 140 (39.7%) females randomly selected from three markets (Panseke, Kuto and Asero markets) was conducted using a systematic random sampling method. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess their personal and socio-economic characteristics, alcohol consumption, smoking habits and physical activity levels. Nutrient intake was assessed using a validated 24hr Dietary Recall questionnaire. Body Mass Index (BMI) was derived from height and weight measurements; Waist and hip circumference was taken to assess abdominal obesity. The nutrient intake was analyzed using the adapted Total Diet Allowance (TDA) for windows. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. Based on BMI, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24% and 3.7% respectively. About 39.4% of the respondents had abdominal obesity. The prevalence of general obesity was significantly higher among females than males (p=0.000). Over one-third (41.4%) of the respondent have low physical activity level. About 14.9% of the respondents smoke cigarrete and more than one-third (35.1%) consume alcohol. More than half (58.6%) of the males and 89.7% of the females had excess calorie intake in the past 24 hours. A significant association was observed between BMI and smoking pattern but there was no significant association between BMI, physical activity and alcohol consumption pattern. Carbohydrate, protein and fat were consumed above the recommended dietary allowance, while respondents had inadequate intake of micro-nutrients, as well as fiber. Obesity is of public health concern, therefore, sensitization focused on lifestyle modification and proper dietary choices should be considered.Keywords: Traders, alcohol consumption, physical activity, obesity, dietary habitsAfr. J. Biomed. Res. Vol. 22 (May, 2019); 127- 133","PeriodicalId":53615,"journal":{"name":"African Journal Biomedical Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47257125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Bref (WHOQoL-Bref) is a well-validated, cross-cultural tool and widely-used for measuring Quality of Life (QoL) across different populations. The aim of this study was to translate the WHOQoL-Bref into the Hausa language and investigate the validity and reliability of the Hausa version among patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: The source English version of WHOQoL-Bref was translated into Hausa language through a forward-back translation phase, which involved two rounds of back translation. Individuals with spinal cord injury (ISCI) and their sex- and age-matched apparently healthy individuals (AHI) participated in this correlational study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. The ISCI were recruited from selected physiotherapy clinics of tertiary health institution in Northern Nigeria while the AHI were recruited from the same tertiary health institution. The ISCI completed both English and Hausa versions of WHOQoL-Bref while the AHI completed only the Hausa version. The ISCI also completed the Hausa version of WHOQoL-Bref two weeks after the initial administration. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and dependent t-test. Level of significance was set at 0.05 ᾳ level. Results:The ISCHI (38 males; 11 females) and AHI (38 males; 11 females) were aged 32.86±7.15years and 33.68±7.15years respectively. The mean duration of SCI is 20.43±9.03months. Domain scores on the Hausa version of the WHOQoL-Bref correlated significantly with English version (r=0.514-0.638, p=<0.0001). There were differences between scores obtained by participants with SCI and those without SCI on the Hausa version. Domain scores on the Hausa version of WHOQoL-Bref obtained on the first and second administrations correlated significantly (r=0.413-0.766, p=<0.0001). Conclusion:The Hausa translated version of WHOQoL-Bref is a valid and reliable instrument, for assessing QoL of spinal cord injury survovors. It is recommended for use in Hausa-speaking populations.
{"title":"Validity and Reliability of Hausa Version of The World Health Organization Quality of Life-Short Form Among Spinal Cord Injury Survivors","authors":"Roland Suluku, Ahmadu Tejan Jalloh, B. Emikpe","doi":"10.4314/AJBR.V21I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJBR.V21I3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Bref (WHOQoL-Bref) is a well-validated, cross-cultural tool and widely-used for measuring Quality of Life (QoL) across different populations. The aim of this study was to translate the WHOQoL-Bref into the Hausa language and investigate the validity and reliability of the Hausa version among patients with spinal cord injury. \u0000Methods: The source English version of WHOQoL-Bref was translated into Hausa language through a forward-back translation phase, which involved two rounds of back translation. Individuals with spinal cord injury (ISCI) and their sex- and age-matched apparently healthy individuals (AHI) participated in this correlational study. Participants were selected through purposive sampling technique. The ISCI were recruited from selected physiotherapy clinics of tertiary health institution in Northern Nigeria while the AHI were recruited from the same tertiary health institution. The ISCI completed both English and Hausa versions of WHOQoL-Bref while the AHI completed only the Hausa version. The ISCI also completed the Hausa version of WHOQoL-Bref two weeks after the initial administration. Data were analysed using Pearson correlation and dependent t-test. Level of significance was set at 0.05 ᾳ level. \u0000Results:The ISCHI (38 males; 11 females) and AHI (38 males; 11 females) were aged 32.86±7.15years and 33.68±7.15years respectively. The mean duration of SCI is 20.43±9.03months. Domain scores on the Hausa version of the WHOQoL-Bref correlated significantly with English version (r=0.514-0.638, p=<0.0001). There were differences between scores obtained by participants with SCI and those without SCI on the Hausa version. Domain scores on the Hausa version of WHOQoL-Bref obtained on the first and second administrations correlated significantly (r=0.413-0.766, p=<0.0001). \u0000Conclusion:The Hausa translated version of WHOQoL-Bref is a valid and reliable instrument, for assessing QoL of spinal cord injury survovors. It is recommended for use in Hausa-speaking populations.","PeriodicalId":53615,"journal":{"name":"African Journal Biomedical Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"279-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJBR.V21I3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49428879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idayat Titilayo Gbadamosi, Lekan Abdullahi Raji, A. Oyagbemi, T. O. Omobowale
Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) fruit has been shown to be useful for nutritional, medicinal and industrial purposes. It contains serotonin (5-HT) and its immediate precursor, 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Serotonin plays a fundamental role in integration of behaviour and many physiological functions including regulation of mood, anxiety, arousal, aggression, impulse control, and thinking abilities. In this study, the effect of plantain-containing mouse diet on brain serotonin mice was investigated in mice. Thirty adult Swiss mice were divided into three groups of ten each and fed normal rodent chow containing 0%, 50% and 100% unripe plantain. After thirty days, the brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HTP were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Results show that 5-HT level was significantly increased in the plantain-diet fed mice. Conversely, 5-HTP level was reduced in the 100% plantain fed mice when compared with the control. Keywords : Musa paradisiaca , Unripe plantain, serotonin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan
{"title":"Effects of Diets Containing Unripe Plantain Diet on Brain Serotonin in Mice","authors":"Idayat Titilayo Gbadamosi, Lekan Abdullahi Raji, A. Oyagbemi, T. O. Omobowale","doi":"10.4314/AJBR.V20I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJBR.V20I3","url":null,"abstract":"Musa paradisiaca (Plantain) fruit has been shown to be useful for nutritional, medicinal and industrial purposes. It contains serotonin (5-HT) and its immediate precursor, 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Serotonin plays a fundamental role in integration of behaviour and many physiological functions including regulation of mood, anxiety, arousal, aggression, impulse control, and thinking abilities. In this study, the effect of plantain-containing mouse diet on brain serotonin mice was investigated in mice. Thirty adult Swiss mice were divided into three groups of ten each and fed normal rodent chow containing 0%, 50% and 100% unripe plantain. After thirty days, the brain levels of 5-HT and 5-HTP were measured using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique. Results show that 5-HT level was significantly increased in the plantain-diet fed mice. Conversely, 5-HTP level was reduced in the 100% plantain fed mice when compared with the control. Keywords : Musa paradisiaca , Unripe plantain, serotonin, 5-Hydroxytryptophan","PeriodicalId":53615,"journal":{"name":"African Journal Biomedical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"321-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/AJBR.V20I3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48089003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Olanrewaju, B. Anyaehie, C. O. Ezeh, K. Onyekwelu, R. Ezeh
Association of hypogonadism and visceral obesity (VO) was recently demonstrated in male auto-mechanics occupationally exposed to endocrine disruptors (ED)-lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, known to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. The effects of exposure to these EDs on pituitary and gonadal hormones in normal weight auto-mechanics in Ibadan were investigated. Ninety-nine normal weight male adults without any metabolic syndrome component-elevated VO, blood pressure, tryglycerides, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), enrolled into this prospective cross sectional study. They were 50 auto-mechanics, age and anthropometry matched with 49 eugonadic males (occupationally unexposed to EDs) in Ibadan (control). Demography, lifestyle, sexual and reproductive history, anthropometery and blood pressure were obtained by standard methods. Fasting blood (15 mL) obtained was used for biochemical analyses-hormones (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, oestradiol and testosterone) by ELISA; EDs-Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic by AAS; FPG, HDLC, triglycerides and oxidative stress (OS) biomarker-total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by spectrophotometry. Data obtained were statistically significant at P <0.05. Only 45 (90%) auto-mechanics were eugonadic. EDs except arsenic were significantly higher while libido and TAC level were significantly lower in the auto-mechanics compared with control ( P <0.05). In automechanics only, lead had an inverse relationship with testosterone ( P = 0.001) but direct relationship with FSH ( P = 0.013). LH had a direct relationship with mercury ( P = 0.031) but indirect relationship with TAC ( P <0.001). Auto mechanics may be occupational exposed to lead, cadmium and mercury with the induction of oxidative stress and testicular dysfunction. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Hypogonadism, Metabolic Syndrome, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Testosterone
{"title":"Effects of endocrine disrupting heavy metals on pituitary and gonadal hormones in normal weight automechanics in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"E. Olanrewaju, B. Anyaehie, C. O. Ezeh, K. Onyekwelu, R. Ezeh","doi":"10.4314/AJBR.V20I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/AJBR.V20I1","url":null,"abstract":"Association of hypogonadism and visceral obesity (VO) was recently demonstrated in male auto-mechanics occupationally exposed to endocrine disruptors (ED)-lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, known to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. The effects of exposure to these EDs on pituitary and gonadal hormones in normal weight auto-mechanics in Ibadan were investigated. Ninety-nine normal weight male adults without any metabolic syndrome component-elevated VO, blood pressure, tryglycerides, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), enrolled into this prospective cross sectional study. They were 50 auto-mechanics, age and anthropometry matched with 49 eugonadic males (occupationally unexposed to EDs) in Ibadan (control). Demography, lifestyle, sexual and reproductive history, anthropometery and blood pressure were obtained by standard methods. Fasting blood (15 mL) obtained was used for biochemical analyses-hormones (follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, oestradiol and testosterone) by ELISA; EDs-Lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic by AAS; FPG, HDLC, triglycerides and oxidative stress (OS) biomarker-total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by spectrophotometry. Data obtained were statistically significant at P <0.05. Only 45 (90%) auto-mechanics were eugonadic. EDs except arsenic were significantly higher while libido and TAC level were significantly lower in the auto-mechanics compared with control ( P <0.05). In automechanics only, lead had an inverse relationship with testosterone ( P = 0.001) but direct relationship with FSH ( P = 0.013). LH had a direct relationship with mercury ( P = 0.031) but indirect relationship with TAC ( P <0.001). Auto mechanics may be occupational exposed to lead, cadmium and mercury with the induction of oxidative stress and testicular dysfunction. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Hypogonadism, Metabolic Syndrome, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Testosterone","PeriodicalId":53615,"journal":{"name":"African Journal Biomedical Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"25-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46273259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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