Abstract Study area – Vranov reservoir on the river Dyje lies in the South Moravian region in the Czech Republic. A multipurpose reservoir, Vranov, is a significant hydraulic structure whose primary purpose is water retention, including managing flood conditions. The reservoir itself and its surroundings are intensively used for recreation, and a hydroelectric power station has also been built there. In 1982, the reservoir began to be used as a source of drinking water. The objective of this study is to elaborate hydrological data – daily total precipitation and daily surface runoff – from 1981 to 2019, evaluate the influence of the Vranov water work, focusing on the hydrological extremes, and evaluate individual functions of this reservoir. The results showed an increase in the number of days of hydrological drought. The influence of the dam as a flood protection element is significant – in summer 2006, a peak of flow rate value of 551 m3 s−1 was transformed to 234 m3 s−1. The reservoir itself and its catchment area have multipurpose usage. Problems may arise in connection with extreme hydrological events when the reservoir cannot perform all its functions at the same time as it does at normal water levels and runoffs. Whether in times of flood or drought, it is necessary to resort to emergency manipulation of the reservoir and choose which of the purposes of the reservoir will be primary at that time.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Vranov Reservoir Functions","authors":"P. Oppeltová, Tomáš Priehoda","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Study area – Vranov reservoir on the river Dyje lies in the South Moravian region in the Czech Republic. A multipurpose reservoir, Vranov, is a significant hydraulic structure whose primary purpose is water retention, including managing flood conditions. The reservoir itself and its surroundings are intensively used for recreation, and a hydroelectric power station has also been built there. In 1982, the reservoir began to be used as a source of drinking water. The objective of this study is to elaborate hydrological data – daily total precipitation and daily surface runoff – from 1981 to 2019, evaluate the influence of the Vranov water work, focusing on the hydrological extremes, and evaluate individual functions of this reservoir. The results showed an increase in the number of days of hydrological drought. The influence of the dam as a flood protection element is significant – in summer 2006, a peak of flow rate value of 551 m3 s−1 was transformed to 234 m3 s−1. The reservoir itself and its catchment area have multipurpose usage. Problems may arise in connection with extreme hydrological events when the reservoir cannot perform all its functions at the same time as it does at normal water levels and runoffs. Whether in times of flood or drought, it is necessary to resort to emergency manipulation of the reservoir and choose which of the purposes of the reservoir will be primary at that time.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"386 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46979854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.6214
Djoko Suharyanto, Iman Basriman, Tatan Sukwika
Environmental issues have now become a critical topic for the attention of countries around the world, especially efforts to prevent climate change by mitigating greenhouse impacts. There are six types of greenhouse gases, namely Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane ( CH4 ), Nitrous oxide ( N2O ), Hydro perfluorocarbons ( HFC ), Perfluorocarbons ( CFCs ), Sulfur Hexafluoride ( SF6) this which naturally exists in the air (atmosphere). The gas layer causes infrared heat rays A to reflect sunlight, causing geothermal heat that reaches 13°C. The earth's temperature will increase when the greenhouse gas layer gets bigger. Increased greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations contribute to climate change by destroying stratospheric ozone and trapping excessive heat in the atmosphere. CO2 contributes 76.7% of total GHG emissions. Industrial activities are suspected to be one of the sources of co2 emission production. Research using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method aims to analyze impact mitigation policies and GHG reduction strategies carried out by PT XYZ as one of the manufacturing industries committed to contributing to mitigating the impact of greenhouse gases. The research results obtained the Priority Policy on the operation of production machines at the Factory 1 location. The strategies carried out include replacing old machines that are no longer efficient with new machines that are more productive, and efficient in their electricity use, the use of high technology, and changing the layout or layout of machines that are more compact and grouped based on the type of product. From the analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, it was concluded that the most priority greenhouse gas (GHG) impact mitigation policy was to reduce CO2 emissions based on the use of electrical energy by Reducing the use of electrical energy.
{"title":"ANALISA KEBIJAKAN MITIGASI DAMPAK DAN STRATEGI PENURUNAN GAS RUMAH KACA DI PT XYZ MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)","authors":"Djoko Suharyanto, Iman Basriman, Tatan Sukwika","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.6214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.6214","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental issues have now become a critical topic for the attention of countries around the world, especially efforts to prevent climate change by mitigating greenhouse impacts. There are six types of greenhouse gases, namely Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane ( CH4 ), Nitrous oxide ( N2O ), Hydro perfluorocarbons ( HFC ), Perfluorocarbons ( CFCs ), Sulfur Hexafluoride ( SF6) this which naturally exists in the air (atmosphere). The gas layer causes infrared heat rays A to reflect sunlight, causing geothermal heat that reaches 13°C. The earth's temperature will increase when the greenhouse gas layer gets bigger. Increased greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations contribute to climate change by destroying stratospheric ozone and trapping excessive heat in the atmosphere. CO2 contributes 76.7% of total GHG emissions. Industrial activities are suspected to be one of the sources of co2 emission production. Research using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method aims to analyze impact mitigation policies and GHG reduction strategies carried out by PT XYZ as one of the manufacturing industries committed to contributing to mitigating the impact of greenhouse gases. The research results obtained the Priority Policy on the operation of production machines at the Factory 1 location. The strategies carried out include replacing old machines that are no longer efficient with new machines that are more productive, and efficient in their electricity use, the use of high technology, and changing the layout or layout of machines that are more compact and grouped based on the type of product. From the analysis using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, it was concluded that the most priority greenhouse gas (GHG) impact mitigation policy was to reduce CO2 emissions based on the use of electrical energy by Reducing the use of electrical energy.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"160 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72573490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5436
L. Azizah, Agum Muladi
Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak is a conservation area located in Central Lombok Regency. One of the tourist attractions that can be developed in TWA Gunung Tunak is the Timor Deer Sanctuary (Rusa timorensis). To be developed into a tourist attraction, a study was conducted that aimed to develop a timor deer sanctuary at TWA Gunung Tunak. The method used is through observations carried out directly in the field and interviews with 2 management units managing the area and analyzed using a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results showed that the recommendation strategy, namely First, the S-O strategy of 2.5 by optimizing and increasing cooperation and utilizing the budget according to the planning that has been prepared. Second, the S T strategy of 2.2 by optimizing and utilizing the budget in sanctuary management by improving facilities and infrastructure. Third, the W-O strategy of 1.66 by optimizing coordination and planning budgets for sanctuary management needs. Finally, the W-T strategy of 1.36 by increasing and planning for the management needs of timor deer in improving sanctuary commodities. So it can be concluded that the priority strategy that can be used in developing the TWA Gunung Tunak timor deer sanctuary is the S-O strategy with a value of 2.50. The strategy carried out is to optimize and increase cooperation and utilize the budget according to the planning that has been prepared to maximize the implementation and development of the timor deer sanctuary.
Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak是位于龙目岛中部的一个保护区。可以在TWA Gunung Tunak开发的旅游景点之一是帝汶鹿保护区。为了发展成为一个旅游景点，进行了一项研究，目的是在TWA Gunung Tunak建立一个帝汶鹿保护区。所使用的方法是通过直接在现场进行的观察和与管理该地区的2个管理单位的访谈，并使用SWOT(优势，劣势，机会，威胁)分析进行分析。结果表明，推荐策略，即首先，2.5的S-O策略，根据已经准备好的计划，优化和增加合作，利用预算。第二，通过改善设施和基础设施来优化和利用保护区管理预算的S - T战略2.2。第三，通过优化协调和规划预算来满足保护区管理需求的1.66 W-O战略。最后，1.36的W-T战略通过增加和规划帝汶鹿在改善保护区商品方面的管理需要。因此，TWA Gunung Tunak timor鹿保护区可采用的优先策略为S-O策略，其值为2.50。所执行的战略是优化和增加合作，并根据为最大限度地执行和发展帝汶鹿保护区而编制的规划利用预算。
{"title":"STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN SANCTUARY RUSA TIMOR (Rusa timorensis) TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG TUNAK, LOMBOK TENGAH","authors":"L. Azizah, Agum Muladi","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5436","url":null,"abstract":"Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Tunak is a conservation area located in Central Lombok Regency. One of the tourist attractions that can be developed in TWA Gunung Tunak is the Timor Deer Sanctuary (Rusa timorensis). To be developed into a tourist attraction, a study was conducted that aimed to develop a timor deer sanctuary at TWA Gunung Tunak. The method used is through observations carried out directly in the field and interviews with 2 management units managing the area and analyzed using a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. The results showed that the recommendation strategy, namely First, the S-O strategy of 2.5 by optimizing and increasing cooperation and utilizing the budget according to the planning that has been prepared. Second, the S T strategy of 2.2 by optimizing and utilizing the budget in sanctuary management by improving facilities and infrastructure. Third, the W-O strategy of 1.66 by optimizing coordination and planning budgets for sanctuary management needs. Finally, the W-T strategy of 1.36 by increasing and planning for the management needs of timor deer in improving sanctuary commodities. So it can be concluded that the priority strategy that can be used in developing the TWA Gunung Tunak timor deer sanctuary is the S-O strategy with a value of 2.50. The strategy carried out is to optimize and increase cooperation and utilize the budget according to the planning that has been prepared to maximize the implementation and development of the timor deer sanctuary.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"683 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87972578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epiphytes are types of plants that attach and grow on other plants to obtain sunlight, water, air, and minerals for their growth. The aim of this study are knowing the diversity of vascular epiphytes on the host trunks of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, knowing the differences in vascular epiphytic communities on the host trunks of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and to determine factors causing vascular epiphytes communities on the host trunk is used in this research. Sampling plot is located on the host tree's trunk to facilitate the calculation of vascular epiphytes; a simple plot measuring 2 m x 0,5 m was made facing east and west. Determination of the number of tree sampling is done based on the Area Species Curve. The results of this study indicate that the vascular epiphyte diversity on trunks of Gymnospermae is higher than Angiospermae, meanwhile that Shannon Wiener diversity index of vascular epiphytes on Angiosperms and Gymnosperms host trunks being moderate category. Jaccard Similarity index was 0.44 and indicated the different of epiphytes community between Angiospermae and Gymnospermae tree host. The dominant species based on Important value index in Angiosperms are Davallia hymenophylloides (35,05%), Goniophlebium subauriculatum (20,92%), and Dendrobium mutabile (20,07) while ini Gymnosperme are Davallia hymenophylloides (41,36%), Goniophlebium subauriculatum (15,94%), and Peperomia tetraphylla (15,55%). In Angiospermae, the factors that influence the diversity of vascular epiphyte species are roughness and thickness, while in Gymnosperms the influential factors are roughness and diameter.
{"title":"KEANEKARAGAMAN EPIFIT BERPEMBULUH PADA BATANG POHON INANG ANGIOSPERMAE DAN GYMNOSPERMAE DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS","authors":"Aditiya Nurrahma, Ismanto, Taufikurrahman Nasution","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5789","url":null,"abstract":"Epiphytes are types of plants that attach and grow on other plants to obtain sunlight, water, air, and minerals for their growth. The aim of this study are knowing the diversity of vascular epiphytes on the host trunks of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms, knowing the differences in vascular epiphytic communities on the host trunks of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and to determine factors causing vascular epiphytes communities on the host trunk is used in this research. Sampling plot is located on the host tree's trunk to facilitate the calculation of vascular epiphytes; a simple plot measuring 2 m x 0,5 m was made facing east and west. Determination of the number of tree sampling is done based on the Area Species Curve. The results of this study indicate that the vascular epiphyte diversity on trunks of Gymnospermae is higher than Angiospermae, meanwhile that Shannon Wiener diversity index of vascular epiphytes on Angiosperms and Gymnosperms host trunks being moderate category. Jaccard Similarity index was 0.44 and indicated the different of epiphytes community between Angiospermae and Gymnospermae tree host. The dominant species based on Important value index in Angiosperms are Davallia hymenophylloides (35,05%), Goniophlebium subauriculatum (20,92%), and Dendrobium mutabile (20,07) while ini Gymnosperme are Davallia hymenophylloides (41,36%), Goniophlebium subauriculatum (15,94%), and Peperomia tetraphylla (15,55%). In Angiospermae, the factors that influence the diversity of vascular epiphyte species are roughness and thickness, while in Gymnosperms the influential factors are roughness and diameter.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77644269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.4696
Orfi Randjamandi, Yohana Makaborang, Anita Tamu Ina
The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of lianas in the Bulla Forest, Umalulu District, East Sumba Regency. Sampling at the research site using a combined method (belt transect). The data obtained were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach with the Shanon Wiener diversity index formula. Plant samples were calculated using a quadratic transect with a plot size of 5 x 5 meters with a distance between them of15 meters placed perpendicular to the line towards a depth of 100 meters using a plot of 15 plots. Environmental factors measured were soil pH, humidity and air temperature. Measurements were made at each observation station. The results obtained 12 species consisting of Piper betle L., Dioscorea alata L., Paederia scandens L. Piper caducibracteum, Connarus semidecandrum jack, Smilax lasioneura, Cyclea barbata, Vitis quadrangula, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) merr., Melothria pendula L., Odontacarya truncata, and Cocculus carolinus L. The diversity index obtained was in the moderate category with a value of H' = 1.894.
本研究的目的是确定东松巴县Umalulu地区Bulla森林藤本植物的多样性。在研究地点采用联合采样法(带样)。利用shannon - Wiener多样性指数公式对所得数据进行定量描述分析。植物样本使用二次样条计算，样块大小为5 x 5米，样块与样块之间的距离为15米，样块垂直于线，深度为100米，样块为15块。环境因子包括土壤pH值、湿度和空气温度。每个观测站都进行了测量。结果获得了12种植物，包括花椒、山茱萸、芍药、金盏花、金盏花、金盏花、四角葡萄、金盏花等。得到的多样性指数为中等，H′= 1.894。
{"title":"KEANEKARAGAMAN TUMBUHAN LIANA DI HUTAN BULLA KECAMATAN UMALULU KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR","authors":"Orfi Randjamandi, Yohana Makaborang, Anita Tamu Ina","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.4696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.4696","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of lianas in the Bulla Forest, Umalulu District, East Sumba Regency. Sampling at the research site using a combined method (belt transect). The data obtained were analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach with the Shanon Wiener diversity index formula. Plant samples were calculated using a quadratic transect with a plot size of 5 x 5 meters with a distance between them of15 meters placed perpendicular to the line towards a depth of 100 meters using a plot of 15 plots. Environmental factors measured were soil pH, humidity and air temperature. Measurements were made at each observation station. The results obtained 12 species consisting of Piper betle L., Dioscorea alata L., Paederia scandens L. Piper caducibracteum, Connarus semidecandrum jack, Smilax lasioneura, Cyclea barbata, Vitis quadrangula, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) merr., Melothria pendula L., Odontacarya truncata, and Cocculus carolinus L. The diversity index obtained was in the moderate category with a value of H' = 1.894.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79365222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.6259
Oom Komala, Putri Dwi Antini, Novia Fajar Utami
Allium sativum is a plant that generally grows in the highlands and is used to treat digestion, anti-inflammatory, hypertension. Meanwhile, fermented onions are fermented garlic for 40 days and are used as medicine for diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia. These fermented garlic and fresh garlic contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of fermented garlic and garlic by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Inhibitory Width (LDH) against E. coli bacteria. Method: Garlic fermentation is done by wrapping fresh garlic in aluminum foil and putting it in a rice cooker for 40 days. MIC test at concentrations of 20%, 25%, 50% and 75% with agar dilution method and LDH test with disc diffusion method at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75%. The results showed that fermented garlic and garlic extracts were able to inhibit E. coli bacteria with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at a concentration of 25%. Garlic extract is the most optimal extract at a concentration of 75% having antibacterial activity compared to fermented onion extract with an average Inhibitory Width (LDH) of 7.43 mm in the medium category. Conclusion: fresh garlic extract had better antibacterial activity than fermented garlic extract against E. coli.
{"title":"PERBANDINGAN DAYA HAMBAT DARI EKSTRAK DAN HASIL FERMENTASI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP BAKTERI Escherichia coli","authors":"Oom Komala, Putri Dwi Antini, Novia Fajar Utami","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.6259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.6259","url":null,"abstract":"Allium sativum is a plant that generally grows in the highlands and is used to treat digestion, anti-inflammatory, hypertension. Meanwhile, fermented onions are fermented garlic for 40 days and are used as medicine for diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia. These fermented garlic and fresh garlic contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of fermented garlic and garlic by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Inhibitory Width (LDH) against E. coli bacteria. Method: Garlic fermentation is done by wrapping fresh garlic in aluminum foil and putting it in a rice cooker for 40 days. MIC test at concentrations of 20%, 25%, 50% and 75% with agar dilution method and LDH test with disc diffusion method at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 75%. The results showed that fermented garlic and garlic extracts were able to inhibit E. coli bacteria with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at a concentration of 25%. Garlic extract is the most optimal extract at a concentration of 75% having antibacterial activity compared to fermented onion extract with an average Inhibitory Width (LDH) of 7.43 mm in the medium category. Conclusion: fresh garlic extract had better antibacterial activity than fermented garlic extract against E. coli.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87739733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5229
Jhelsia Sisilia Tandikura, S. G. Sipahelut, G. H. Augustyn
The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world requires everyone to maintain hand hygiene as a way to avoid this virus. Hand sanitizer is an instant option for cleaning hands. The use of essential oils in hand sanitizers is considered safer than alcohol. This study aims to study the antiseptic activity, physical and organoleptic characteristics of hand sanitizers in combination with red ginger oil and sweet orange oil. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely a combination of red ginger oil and sweet orange oil, with three treatment levels: 75% : 25%, 50% : 50%, dan 25% : 75%. Parameters analyzed included antisepticby Replika method, dispersibility, pH, density, homogeneity and organoleptic tests (texture, aroma, and color). The results showed that hand sanitizer with a combination treatment of 25% red ginger oil and 75% sweet orange oil had a stronger antiseptic effectiveness compared to other treatments. 6.2 cm which shows the consistency of the hand sanitizer that is comfortable when used, the hand sanitizer gel is homogeneous, without any coarse grains and is still organoleptically acceptable for texture, aroma and color.
{"title":"POTENSI MINYAK JAHE MERAH DAN MINYAK JERUK MANIS SEBAGAI BAHAN AKTIF ALAMI DALAM PEMBUATAN HANDSANITIZER","authors":"Jhelsia Sisilia Tandikura, S. G. Sipahelut, G. H. Augustyn","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v22i2.5229","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world requires everyone to maintain hand hygiene as a way to avoid this virus. Hand sanitizer is an instant option for cleaning hands. The use of essential oils in hand sanitizers is considered safer than alcohol. This study aims to study the antiseptic activity, physical and organoleptic characteristics of hand sanitizers in combination with red ginger oil and sweet orange oil. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely a combination of red ginger oil and sweet orange oil, with three treatment levels: 75% : 25%, 50% : 50%, dan 25% : 75%. Parameters analyzed included antisepticby Replika method, dispersibility, pH, density, homogeneity and organoleptic tests (texture, aroma, and color). The results showed that hand sanitizer with a combination treatment of 25% red ginger oil and 75% sweet orange oil had a stronger antiseptic effectiveness compared to other treatments. 6.2 cm which shows the consistency of the hand sanitizer that is comfortable when used, the hand sanitizer gel is homogeneous, without any coarse grains and is still organoleptically acceptable for texture, aroma and color.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"13 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83011632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boulenouar Houari, Sbabdji Mohamed, Berkane Ibrahim, B. Islem, Haddad Ahmed
Abstract The evaluation and monitoring of forest species provide a fundamental source of information for the implementation of effective and adapted conservation strategies for these species. The present study aims to determine the ecodendrometric characterisation of even-aged stone pine stands in the region of Mostaganem (western Algeria). Seventy-two temporary plots (1,151 trees) of circular shape with a surface area of (4–6 a) were installed according to age and density in stands that were as regular as possible. These plots were subjected to a complete dendrometric inventory (total height, crown diameter, circumference at 1.3 m, age, etc.) and an ecological description (soil depth, altitude, aspect and slope). It was found that this species is characterised by a regular structure forming young populations. Relationships between parameters such as mean total height/mean circumference, mean crown diameter/diameter at 1.3 m and basal area/mean crown diameter were very positive and significant. The ecodendrometric data was processed by a multivariate principal component analysis, which revealed the effect of altitude, especially soil depth, on stone pine production.
{"title":"Ecodendrometric study of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) in the region of Mostaganem (western Algeria)","authors":"Boulenouar Houari, Sbabdji Mohamed, Berkane Ibrahim, B. Islem, Haddad Ahmed","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The evaluation and monitoring of forest species provide a fundamental source of information for the implementation of effective and adapted conservation strategies for these species. The present study aims to determine the ecodendrometric characterisation of even-aged stone pine stands in the region of Mostaganem (western Algeria). Seventy-two temporary plots (1,151 trees) of circular shape with a surface area of (4–6 a) were installed according to age and density in stands that were as regular as possible. These plots were subjected to a complete dendrometric inventory (total height, crown diameter, circumference at 1.3 m, age, etc.) and an ecological description (soil depth, altitude, aspect and slope). It was found that this species is characterised by a regular structure forming young populations. Relationships between parameters such as mean total height/mean circumference, mean crown diameter/diameter at 1.3 m and basal area/mean crown diameter were very positive and significant. The ecodendrometric data was processed by a multivariate principal component analysis, which revealed the effect of altitude, especially soil depth, on stone pine production.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"228 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47995863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the framework of this study 14 breeding species were identified in the wetland complex of the Oued Righ valley in the Algerian Sahara. Six species of breeding Anatidae were reported, two of which are classified as vulnerable and threatened, namely, the ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca and the marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris. For shorebirds, we noted reproduction of the pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, the black-winged stilt Himantopus Himantopus, and the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus in most of the wetlands studied. We report for the first time nesting of the slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus genei at Chott Merouane with 72 pairs recorded during the breeding season 2018. This colony was associated with the larger colony of greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus composed of 640 pairs. Principal component analysis (PCA), gathering 69.74% of the information, showed a significant correlation between the distribution of different bird species and the main environmental factors, that is, vegetation, water surface area, water depth, and salinity, and a strong correlation between the species of Annatidae and Rallidae, which are associated with less-saline environments rich in vegetation and deep water, with the exception of shelducks, which prefer large surface areas with less-dense vegetation and more holomorphic water. For the shorebirds such as R. avosetta and H. himantopus, there was a clear preference for large wetlands with shallow water and relatively high salinity. A remarkable correlation was also noted for P. roseus, where a strong distribution of breeding populations was observed in areas with the highest salinity levels and a vast surface area.
{"title":"Distribution of breeding waterbirds in relation to wetland characteristics in the Oued Righ valley in the Algerian Sahara","authors":"F. Khirani–Betrouche, R. Moulaï","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the framework of this study 14 breeding species were identified in the wetland complex of the Oued Righ valley in the Algerian Sahara. Six species of breeding Anatidae were reported, two of which are classified as vulnerable and threatened, namely, the ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca and the marbled teal Marmaronetta angustirostris. For shorebirds, we noted reproduction of the pied avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, the black-winged stilt Himantopus Himantopus, and the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus in most of the wetlands studied. We report for the first time nesting of the slender-billed gull Chroicocephalus genei at Chott Merouane with 72 pairs recorded during the breeding season 2018. This colony was associated with the larger colony of greater flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus composed of 640 pairs. Principal component analysis (PCA), gathering 69.74% of the information, showed a significant correlation between the distribution of different bird species and the main environmental factors, that is, vegetation, water surface area, water depth, and salinity, and a strong correlation between the species of Annatidae and Rallidae, which are associated with less-saline environments rich in vegetation and deep water, with the exception of shelducks, which prefer large surface areas with less-dense vegetation and more holomorphic water. For the shorebirds such as R. avosetta and H. himantopus, there was a clear preference for large wetlands with shallow water and relatively high salinity. A remarkable correlation was also noted for P. roseus, where a strong distribution of breeding populations was observed in areas with the highest salinity levels and a vast surface area.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"247 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48309125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper examined farmers’ preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate-smart rice varieties in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 80 respondents were purposely selected from 5 major rice growing communities in the study area. Questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Also, data on climate elements (such as temperature and rainfall volume) for a period of 35 years (1986–2020) were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). Multinomial logit model, ordinary least square (OLS) regression model, descriptive statistics and trend analysis were employed for data analysis. The results show that FARO 44 was preferred by 95% of the farmers for grain size, 100% of farmers preferred it for days to maturity, 76.2% preferred it for strength of grain to withstand breakage during processing, 98.75% preferred it for potential yield (tons) and plant height (cm) and 87.5% preferred it for its ecological adaptation. Farmers’ preference and willingness to pay for climate-smart rice varieties were influenced by attributes of these varieties and knowledge of such technologies, primary occupation, farm size, extension visits and access to media information and farm size. This study recommends that government should provide extension agents with the adequate resources to enable them carry out their duties more effectively.
{"title":"Farmers’ Preference and Willingness to Pay for Climate-Smart Rice Varieties in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Theresa Nnenna Onugo, R. Onyeneke","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper examined farmers’ preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate-smart rice varieties in Uzo-Uwani Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 80 respondents were purposely selected from 5 major rice growing communities in the study area. Questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Also, data on climate elements (such as temperature and rainfall volume) for a period of 35 years (1986–2020) were obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). Multinomial logit model, ordinary least square (OLS) regression model, descriptive statistics and trend analysis were employed for data analysis. The results show that FARO 44 was preferred by 95% of the farmers for grain size, 100% of farmers preferred it for days to maturity, 76.2% preferred it for strength of grain to withstand breakage during processing, 98.75% preferred it for potential yield (tons) and plant height (cm) and 87.5% preferred it for its ecological adaptation. Farmers’ preference and willingness to pay for climate-smart rice varieties were influenced by attributes of these varieties and knowledge of such technologies, primary occupation, farm size, extension visits and access to media information and farm size. This study recommends that government should provide extension agents with the adequate resources to enable them carry out their duties more effectively.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"262 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49435150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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