S. Mandal, Ranjan Kumar, Deepika Parwan, Nem Singh, Richa Sharma, Bhaskar C. Das
BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) if not properly screened. As per protocol blood donors who are found reactive for TTIs are requested to come for counseling and directed for further management. Many of them are either not interested or do not follow-up their visit to blood center. This study is undertaken to determine the rate of seroprevalence of TTIs and the attitude of reactive blood donors in response to post donation notification and counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: This observational study considers the blood donations from January 2019 to April 2021. Blood donors with reactive test results identified by different TTIs markers were notified, and their response rates were evaluated. RESULTS: During this study, 8904 donations were recorded out of which 171 donors were found to be reactive (1.92%), only 142 donors were contacted (89.30%), and only 74 reactive donors could be counseled (52.11%). CONCLUSION: This study shows low prevalence of TTI reactivity among blood donors and recommends strengthening of donor notification and counseling practices in blood centers and raises the question of need for central notification system for the traceability of reactive blood donors to prevent the spread of TTIs in the community.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors and their notification: A study from North India","authors":"S. Mandal, Ranjan Kumar, Deepika Parwan, Nem Singh, Richa Sharma, Bhaskar C. Das","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_14_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_14_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) if not properly screened. As per protocol blood donors who are found reactive for TTIs are requested to come for counseling and directed for further management. Many of them are either not interested or do not follow-up their visit to blood center. This study is undertaken to determine the rate of seroprevalence of TTIs and the attitude of reactive blood donors in response to post donation notification and counseling. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: This observational study considers the blood donations from January 2019 to April 2021. Blood donors with reactive test results identified by different TTIs markers were notified, and their response rates were evaluated. RESULTS: During this study, 8904 donations were recorded out of which 171 donors were found to be reactive (1.92%), only 142 donors were contacted (89.30%), and only 74 reactive donors could be counseled (52.11%). CONCLUSION: This study shows low prevalence of TTI reactivity among blood donors and recommends strengthening of donor notification and counseling practices in blood centers and raises the question of need for central notification system for the traceability of reactive blood donors to prevent the spread of TTIs in the community.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"11 1","pages":"65 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46870155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Some of the platelet count disorders have no single clinical or laboratory diagnostic finding and bone marrow examination may be required which is invasive, time consuming. Platelet indices are readily available parameters by recent hematology autoanalyzers and could provide some important information and can differentiate between several mechanisms of platelet disorders. AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate and interpret different platelet indices (plateletcrit, mean platelet volume [MPV], platelet distribution width [PDW], platelet-large cell ratio [P-LCR]) in patients with quantitative platelet disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2019 to September 2020 in different Iraqi hematology centers and conducted on 160 adult patients from 3 hematology centers, from November 2019 to September 2020, 80 patients have thrombocytopenia, and 80 patients with thrombocytosis. Platelet count and indices (MPV, P-LCR, PDW) were determined using automated analyzers. For each hematological parameter, two measurements were taken at different time interval and the mean value of these two records was relied on. RESULTS: A significant increase in all platelet indices (MPV, PDW, P-LCR) with cutoff values of 7.9 femtoliters (fl), 15.3%, and 12.6%, respectively, P = 0.000 was observed in primary thrombocytosis, with 90% sensitivity for MPV and 50% specificity for PDW. In immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), all platelet indices (MPV, PDW, and P-LCR) were significantly higher than in hypoproductive thrombocytopenia with cutoff values of 7.9fl, 15.3%, and 12.9%, respectively. MPV has a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 50%, P-LCR had a sensitivity of 100%, and PDW had a sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These abnormalities in platelet indices are of value for differentiation of platelet quantitative disorders, higher value in ITP in comparison with other causes of thrombocytopenia, and for primary thrombocytosis, the value is higher than reactive thrombocytosis.
{"title":"The impact of platelet indices in the evaluation of different causes of platelet count disorder","authors":"Waseem F. Al-Tameemi, Aktham Noori","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_47_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_47_21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Some of the platelet count disorders have no single clinical or laboratory diagnostic finding and bone marrow examination may be required which is invasive, time consuming. Platelet indices are readily available parameters by recent hematology autoanalyzers and could provide some important information and can differentiate between several mechanisms of platelet disorders. AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate and interpret different platelet indices (plateletcrit, mean platelet volume [MPV], platelet distribution width [PDW], platelet-large cell ratio [P-LCR]) in patients with quantitative platelet disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2019 to September 2020 in different Iraqi hematology centers and conducted on 160 adult patients from 3 hematology centers, from November 2019 to September 2020, 80 patients have thrombocytopenia, and 80 patients with thrombocytosis. Platelet count and indices (MPV, P-LCR, PDW) were determined using automated analyzers. For each hematological parameter, two measurements were taken at different time interval and the mean value of these two records was relied on. RESULTS: A significant increase in all platelet indices (MPV, PDW, P-LCR) with cutoff values of 7.9 femtoliters (fl), 15.3%, and 12.6%, respectively, P = 0.000 was observed in primary thrombocytosis, with 90% sensitivity for MPV and 50% specificity for PDW. In immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), all platelet indices (MPV, PDW, and P-LCR) were significantly higher than in hypoproductive thrombocytopenia with cutoff values of 7.9fl, 15.3%, and 12.9%, respectively. MPV has a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 50%, P-LCR had a sensitivity of 100%, and PDW had a sensitivity and specificity of 77% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These abnormalities in platelet indices are of value for differentiation of platelet quantitative disorders, higher value in ITP in comparison with other causes of thrombocytopenia, and for primary thrombocytosis, the value is higher than reactive thrombocytosis.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"11 1","pages":"32 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45869306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Excessive menstruation after attaining menarche during adolescent age group is known as puberty menorrhagia (PM). The most common presentation includes anemia due to excessive blood loss. We are reporting a rare case of PM secondary to a congenital bleeding disorder.
{"title":"Afibrinogenemia: A rare cause of refractory puberty menorrhagia","authors":"Vandana Kamatham, V. Sharmila, T. Babu","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive menstruation after attaining menarche during adolescent age group is known as puberty menorrhagia (PM). The most common presentation includes anemia due to excessive blood loss. We are reporting a rare case of PM secondary to a congenital bleeding disorder.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"11 1","pages":"83 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42829342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Iron replacement may change platelet counts. Parenteral iron treatment has different effects on platelets count in some diseases. the aim of this study was to inspect the effect of parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment on platelet counts and other hemogram parameters in females who have no other diseases, but iron deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in a university hospital located in Ankara, Turkey, between January 2020 and October 2021. A total of 239 female participants who were diagnosed with iron deficiency and who were given parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups according to the existence of anemia. Hemogram parameters, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels before and 3 months after parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were increased (P < 0.001) and platelet counts (P < 0.001) and mean platelet volumes (MPVs) (P = 0.015) were decreased after parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment. In both groups, hemoglobin levels were increased and platelet counts were decreased, but in the group with patients having anemia, changes in hemoglobin levels and platelet counts were more prominent after treatment (P < 0.001). When compared to initiation of treatment, there was a significant negative correlation after treatment regarding changes in hemoglobin levels and platelet counts (r = ‒0.369, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment resulted in a decrease in platelet counts and MPV values compared to initiation of treatment. Parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment resulted in decreases in platelet counts and independent from correction of anemia.
{"title":"Effect of parenteral iron treatment on platelet counts in women who do not have concomitant diseases","authors":"Recep Alanli, M. Kucukay","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Iron replacement may change platelet counts. Parenteral iron treatment has different effects on platelets count in some diseases. the aim of this study was to inspect the effect of parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment on platelet counts and other hemogram parameters in females who have no other diseases, but iron deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in a university hospital located in Ankara, Turkey, between January 2020 and October 2021. A total of 239 female participants who were diagnosed with iron deficiency and who were given parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups according to the existence of anemia. Hemogram parameters, ferritin, and C-reactive protein levels before and 3 months after parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were increased (P < 0.001) and platelet counts (P < 0.001) and mean platelet volumes (MPVs) (P = 0.015) were decreased after parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment. In both groups, hemoglobin levels were increased and platelet counts were decreased, but in the group with patients having anemia, changes in hemoglobin levels and platelet counts were more prominent after treatment (P < 0.001). When compared to initiation of treatment, there was a significant negative correlation after treatment regarding changes in hemoglobin levels and platelet counts (r = ‒0.369, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment resulted in a decrease in platelet counts and MPV values compared to initiation of treatment. Parenteral ferric carboxymaltose treatment resulted in decreases in platelet counts and independent from correction of anemia.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"11 1","pages":"56 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: A case − control study was carried out to evaluate the health-related quality of life of adult hemophilic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All registered hemophilia cases (40 cases, 36 hemophilia A and 4 hemophilia B) at Jin Blood Center in Duhok/Iraq as well as 40 normal age-matched healthy male individuals were assessed using the medical outcome study “MOS-SF (version 1.0)” so called RAND 36-item health survey 1.0, that assess eight health status scales namely: physical functioning, role-limitation due to physical health, role-limitation due to emotional problem, vitality (energy/fatigue), emotion well-being, bodily pain, social functioning, and general health. RESULTS: The study included eight patients with mild hemophilia, 18 patients with moderate hemophilia, and 14 patients with severe hemophilia, with ages range from 17 to 57 years with the mean age of 27.85 years (±1.65). Patients with severe hemophilia were diagnosed significantly at earlier age compared with those with mild hemophilia. The study confirmed significantly reduced quality of life (QoL) in all 8 assessed areas particularly among severely affected patients with a P value consistently <0.001. The most affected domain was the role limitation due to physical health at 22.56% and emotional well-being at 32.71. All assessed areas were significantly preserved if early prophylaxis initiated. Other factors that were linked significantly with diminished QoL include the development of hemophilic arthropathy. The factors that did not show significant impact included positive viral hepatitis markers, presence of life-threatening bleedings, socioeconomic state, and positive family history. CONCLUSION: Hemophilic patient displayed significant impairment of QoL, particularly after the development of arthropathy and restriction of physical activity and can be preserved with early prophylactic therapy.
{"title":"Health-related quality of life among hemophilic adult patients from Iraq/Duhok","authors":"HozanJarjees Abdulrahman, Adil A. Eissa","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_48_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_48_21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: A case − control study was carried out to evaluate the health-related quality of life of adult hemophilic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All registered hemophilia cases (40 cases, 36 hemophilia A and 4 hemophilia B) at Jin Blood Center in Duhok/Iraq as well as 40 normal age-matched healthy male individuals were assessed using the medical outcome study “MOS-SF (version 1.0)” so called RAND 36-item health survey 1.0, that assess eight health status scales namely: physical functioning, role-limitation due to physical health, role-limitation due to emotional problem, vitality (energy/fatigue), emotion well-being, bodily pain, social functioning, and general health. RESULTS: The study included eight patients with mild hemophilia, 18 patients with moderate hemophilia, and 14 patients with severe hemophilia, with ages range from 17 to 57 years with the mean age of 27.85 years (±1.65). Patients with severe hemophilia were diagnosed significantly at earlier age compared with those with mild hemophilia. The study confirmed significantly reduced quality of life (QoL) in all 8 assessed areas particularly among severely affected patients with a P value consistently <0.001. The most affected domain was the role limitation due to physical health at 22.56% and emotional well-being at 32.71. All assessed areas were significantly preserved if early prophylaxis initiated. Other factors that were linked significantly with diminished QoL include the development of hemophilic arthropathy. The factors that did not show significant impact included positive viral hepatitis markers, presence of life-threatening bleedings, socioeconomic state, and positive family history. CONCLUSION: Hemophilic patient displayed significant impairment of QoL, particularly after the development of arthropathy and restriction of physical activity and can be preserved with early prophylactic therapy.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"11 1","pages":"38 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47807161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarkar Aziz, Bahra Hamad, H. Hamad, M. Qader, E. Ali, Rayan Muhammed, Mudhir Shekha
BACKGROUND: Thalassemia syndromes and structural hemoglobin variants generate blood crisis of variable clinical symptoms, ranging from mild-to-moderate hematological disorder to severe, lifelong, transfusion-dependent anemia. The aim of current study was to uncover the prevalence of thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies in the Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The available data of thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia, sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, and HbH and HbE until the end of 2020 were collected retrospectively from Erbil Thalassemia Center in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel (Version 2016). RESULTS: An increase in the prevalence of thalassemia syndromes from 30.8/100,000 in 2015 to 37.3/100,000 individuals in the population in 2020 was revealed. The prevalence of all hemoglobinopathies combined increased from 31.9/100,000 to 42.7/100,000 individuals of the population. Thalassemia major was the predominant condition among the hemoglobinopathies with 758 (78.71%) cases out of 963 cases at the end of 2020. CONCLUSION: This rise might be attributed to a large number of consanguineous marriages, the lack of effective prevention programs, and poor legislation. There is an emergent requirement for a preventive program, entailing identification of carriers, genetic counseling, guidelines to differentiate between other microcytic anemias with thalassemia traits, antenatal diagnosis, public education, and sustained legislation.
{"title":"Estimation of the prevalence of Hemoglobinopathies in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq","authors":"Sarkar Aziz, Bahra Hamad, H. Hamad, M. Qader, E. Ali, Rayan Muhammed, Mudhir Shekha","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_42_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_42_21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Thalassemia syndromes and structural hemoglobin variants generate blood crisis of variable clinical symptoms, ranging from mild-to-moderate hematological disorder to severe, lifelong, transfusion-dependent anemia. The aim of current study was to uncover the prevalence of thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies in the Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The available data of thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia, sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait, and HbH and HbE until the end of 2020 were collected retrospectively from Erbil Thalassemia Center in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel (Version 2016). RESULTS: An increase in the prevalence of thalassemia syndromes from 30.8/100,000 in 2015 to 37.3/100,000 individuals in the population in 2020 was revealed. The prevalence of all hemoglobinopathies combined increased from 31.9/100,000 to 42.7/100,000 individuals of the population. Thalassemia major was the predominant condition among the hemoglobinopathies with 758 (78.71%) cases out of 963 cases at the end of 2020. CONCLUSION: This rise might be attributed to a large number of consanguineous marriages, the lack of effective prevention programs, and poor legislation. There is an emergent requirement for a preventive program, entailing identification of carriers, genetic counseling, guidelines to differentiate between other microcytic anemias with thalassemia traits, antenatal diagnosis, public education, and sustained legislation.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"11 1","pages":"19 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44658097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While simple serological tests such as forward and reverse grouping can help identify rare phenotypes, their Confirmation is to be done with a battery of other serological tests including adsorption elution and nonserological tests such as saliva testing for secretor status. Two cases of H-deficient secretor state (para-Bombay) and one case of a weak B phenotype are presented here highlighting the importance of nonserological tests. Case 1: A 50-year-old male who is a repeat blood donor, with no significant history, had “O positive” by forward grouping, “B” by reverse, and no reaction with anti-AB antisera or anti-H lectin. Adsorption elution showed the presence of weak B antigen and saliva testing confirmed secretor status for B and H antigen. Case 2: A 25-year-old primigravida, with no significant history, had “O positive” by forward grouping, “B” by reverse, and no reaction with anti-AB antisera or anti-H lectin. However, adsorption elution showed the absence of any antigen on RBCs. The saliva testing confirmed secretor status for B and H antigen. Both of them were compatible (Coomb's major and minor) with “B” and “O” units and were grouped as para-Bombay B. Para-Bombay phenotypes can present with complete or partial suppression of ABH antigens and nonserological tests are valuable in their diagnosis. Case 3: A 27-year-old first-time blood donor, with no significant history, also had “O Positive” by forward grouping, “B” by reverse grouping, and no reaction with anti-AB antisera. Furthermore, 3+ reaction with anti-H lectin was noted. Saliva testing confirmed secretor status for B and H antigens. He was also compatible with “B” and “O” units and was grouped as “Weak B.” Further classification was not possible as adsorption-elution tests could not be done.
{"title":"The importance of testing for secretor status of ABH antigens: A case series","authors":"Soumee Banerjee, Vanamala Alwar, S. Subramanian","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_25_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_25_21","url":null,"abstract":"While simple serological tests such as forward and reverse grouping can help identify rare phenotypes, their Confirmation is to be done with a battery of other serological tests including adsorption elution and nonserological tests such as saliva testing for secretor status. Two cases of H-deficient secretor state (para-Bombay) and one case of a weak B phenotype are presented here highlighting the importance of nonserological tests. Case 1: A 50-year-old male who is a repeat blood donor, with no significant history, had “O positive” by forward grouping, “B” by reverse, and no reaction with anti-AB antisera or anti-H lectin. Adsorption elution showed the presence of weak B antigen and saliva testing confirmed secretor status for B and H antigen. Case 2: A 25-year-old primigravida, with no significant history, had “O positive” by forward grouping, “B” by reverse, and no reaction with anti-AB antisera or anti-H lectin. However, adsorption elution showed the absence of any antigen on RBCs. The saliva testing confirmed secretor status for B and H antigen. Both of them were compatible (Coomb's major and minor) with “B” and “O” units and were grouped as para-Bombay B. Para-Bombay phenotypes can present with complete or partial suppression of ABH antigens and nonserological tests are valuable in their diagnosis. Case 3: A 27-year-old first-time blood donor, with no significant history, also had “O Positive” by forward grouping, “B” by reverse grouping, and no reaction with anti-AB antisera. Furthermore, 3+ reaction with anti-H lectin was noted. Saliva testing confirmed secretor status for B and H antigens. He was also compatible with “B” and “O” units and was grouped as “Weak B.” Further classification was not possible as adsorption-elution tests could not be done.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"10 1","pages":"176 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70749106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Karam, Kawa M. Hasan, N. Mohammed, Ahmed K. Yassin, S. Mustafa, L. Abdulrahman, Ranan Polis, G. Numan, Shlan Mohammed, Rawand P. Shamoon, BryarSabah Rashid, S. Jalal, Rozh-hatA Yousif, Z. Mohamed, Tavan I. Mahmood, Basil K. Abdulla, D. Abdullah, Zhalla Ahmed1, H. Getta
OBJECTIVES : There are the variable degrees of bone marrow (BM) infiltration patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Four BM patterns: Interstitial, nodular, mixed, and diffuse patterns were identified. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of BM infiltration patterns on the disease outcome among CLL patients in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective involved 106 patients with CLL disease. The data are collected in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (including Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Duhok) cancer centers. Through the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. BM histopathology study of all patients was assessed and correlated with the disease outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-three (50.0%) patients had interstitial BM patterns, 17 (16.0%) had nodular BM pattern, 14 (13.2%) had mixed BM patterns, and 22 (20.8%) had diffuse BM pattern. The results showed that patients with interstitial, nodular, and mixed BM patterns had a superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rate than diffuse BM pattern. Kaplan–Meier curve illustrates that our CLL patients with interstitial BM patterns had a better mean OS rate (44.0 months) than diffuse BM pattern with a mean of (23.2 months). As well as for PFS, the mean was (35.7 months) for the interstitial BM patterns and (17.6 months) for diffuse BM pattern. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the BM involvement patterns have a prognostic value in our CLL patients and provide more reliable information regarding the clinical outcome.
{"title":"The pattern of bone marrow involvement among chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and its impact on the disease outcome in Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"M. Karam, Kawa M. Hasan, N. Mohammed, Ahmed K. Yassin, S. Mustafa, L. Abdulrahman, Ranan Polis, G. Numan, Shlan Mohammed, Rawand P. Shamoon, BryarSabah Rashid, S. Jalal, Rozh-hatA Yousif, Z. Mohamed, Tavan I. Mahmood, Basil K. Abdulla, D. Abdullah, Zhalla Ahmed1, H. Getta","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_27_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_27_21","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES : There are the variable degrees of bone marrow (BM) infiltration patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Four BM patterns: Interstitial, nodular, mixed, and diffuse patterns were identified. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of BM infiltration patterns on the disease outcome among CLL patients in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective involved 106 patients with CLL disease. The data are collected in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (including Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Duhok) cancer centers. Through the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. BM histopathology study of all patients was assessed and correlated with the disease outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-three (50.0%) patients had interstitial BM patterns, 17 (16.0%) had nodular BM pattern, 14 (13.2%) had mixed BM patterns, and 22 (20.8%) had diffuse BM pattern. The results showed that patients with interstitial, nodular, and mixed BM patterns had a superior overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rate than diffuse BM pattern. Kaplan–Meier curve illustrates that our CLL patients with interstitial BM patterns had a better mean OS rate (44.0 months) than diffuse BM pattern with a mean of (23.2 months). As well as for PFS, the mean was (35.7 months) for the interstitial BM patterns and (17.6 months) for diffuse BM pattern. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the BM involvement patterns have a prognostic value in our CLL patients and provide more reliable information regarding the clinical outcome.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"10 1","pages":"158 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41423749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Imatinib Mesylate (IM) is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which demonstrates great effect in the treatment of both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The effects of this chemotherapeutic drug on women with child bearing age, fertility, and reproductive system have been reported in some studies as case series; therefore, this study was designed to demonstrate the outcome of imatinib on females with child-bearing age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad. The study started on February 2018 and was ended in July 2020. It included 55 female patients. A questionnaire was designed to elicit the effects of imatinib mesylate on fertility and outcome of pregnancies. RESULTS: Out of 55 women diagnosed with CML in chronic phase, 13 patients were able to conceive during the study. All of them were treated with imatinib mesylate 400 mg per day before pregnancy. All of them were at least in complete cytogenetic response. Four (30.7%) pregnant patients continued treatment throughout pregnancy with uneventful pregnancy and delivery, without any congenital anomalies. other 4 (30.7%) pregnant patients received IM during 1st and 2nd trimester only and then discontinued treatment with IM. Five (38.4%) pregnant patients who received IM during 1st trimester ended with abortion (either elective or missed abortion). CONCLUSION: Treatment of CML with IM during the pregnancy has different perspectives and the data are still limited. Hence, each case decision should be individualized balancing the risk to the fetus of continuing IM versus the risk to the mother of interrupting treatment.
{"title":"Outcome of imatinib mesylate in women with child-bearing age diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia","authors":"A. Alwan, M. Abdulsahib, F. Obed, B. Matti","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Imatinib Mesylate (IM) is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which demonstrates great effect in the treatment of both chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The effects of this chemotherapeutic drug on women with child bearing age, fertility, and reproductive system have been reported in some studies as case series; therefore, this study was designed to demonstrate the outcome of imatinib on females with child-bearing age. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad. The study started on February 2018 and was ended in July 2020. It included 55 female patients. A questionnaire was designed to elicit the effects of imatinib mesylate on fertility and outcome of pregnancies. RESULTS: Out of 55 women diagnosed with CML in chronic phase, 13 patients were able to conceive during the study. All of them were treated with imatinib mesylate 400 mg per day before pregnancy. All of them were at least in complete cytogenetic response. Four (30.7%) pregnant patients continued treatment throughout pregnancy with uneventful pregnancy and delivery, without any congenital anomalies. other 4 (30.7%) pregnant patients received IM during 1st and 2nd trimester only and then discontinued treatment with IM. Five (38.4%) pregnant patients who received IM during 1st trimester ended with abortion (either elective or missed abortion). CONCLUSION: Treatment of CML with IM during the pregnancy has different perspectives and the data are still limited. Hence, each case decision should be individualized balancing the risk to the fetus of continuing IM versus the risk to the mother of interrupting treatment.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"10 1","pages":"123 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42063209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a coronavirus that can produce a variety of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic carrier status to severe respiratory failure, multiple organ dysfunction, and death, it might be associated with hypercoagulability as increase in coagulation factor 8 (FVIII). OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate markers of hypercoaguablility (factor VIII activity, D-Dimer) in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, evaluation of certain markers of inflammation (S. ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], C-reactive protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) and correlate those markers with each other. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 70 adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Blood samples were obtained for FVIII, D. dimer, and ESR. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. RESULTS: The mean age of enrolled 70 patients was 60.22 ± 14.43 years. 44 (62.9%) of patients had neutrophilia and lymphopenia was seen in 41 (58.6%). High ratio of N/L was seen in 66 (94.3%). Low count of eosinophil was seen in 44 (62.9%), high LDH level was seen at 57 (81.4%). Regarding serum ferritin, high level was seen 64 (91.4%) and high level of CRP was seen in 56 (80%). High level of ESR was seen in 64 (91.4%) and high level of D. dimer was seen in 55 (78.6%), while the high level of FVIII was seen in 30 (42.9%) and low FVIII level was seen in 4 (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients had neutrophilia, lymphopenia, high N/L ratio, and eosinopenia. Markers of inflammation (S. ferritin, LDH, CRP, and ESR), which were elevated. FVIII level and D. dimer were elevated in the majority of patients with COVID-19. Few of the patients were had a low level of FVIII, which might be related to abnormal function of the liver or might be attributed to autoantibodies directed against FVIII.
{"title":"Assessment of FVIII, D-dimer, S. ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase in hospitalized patients with 2019 coronavirus disease","authors":"Enaam Al-Taie, H. Al-Mamoori","doi":"10.4103/ijh.ijh_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijh.ijh_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a coronavirus that can produce a variety of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic carrier status to severe respiratory failure, multiple organ dysfunction, and death, it might be associated with hypercoagulability as increase in coagulation factor 8 (FVIII). OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to investigate markers of hypercoaguablility (factor VIII activity, D-Dimer) in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, evaluation of certain markers of inflammation (S. ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], C-reactive protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) and correlate those markers with each other. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 70 adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Blood samples were obtained for FVIII, D. dimer, and ESR. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. RESULTS: The mean age of enrolled 70 patients was 60.22 ± 14.43 years. 44 (62.9%) of patients had neutrophilia and lymphopenia was seen in 41 (58.6%). High ratio of N/L was seen in 66 (94.3%). Low count of eosinophil was seen in 44 (62.9%), high LDH level was seen at 57 (81.4%). Regarding serum ferritin, high level was seen 64 (91.4%) and high level of CRP was seen in 56 (80%). High level of ESR was seen in 64 (91.4%) and high level of D. dimer was seen in 55 (78.6%), while the high level of FVIII was seen in 30 (42.9%) and low FVIII level was seen in 4 (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients had neutrophilia, lymphopenia, high N/L ratio, and eosinopenia. Markers of inflammation (S. ferritin, LDH, CRP, and ESR), which were elevated. FVIII level and D. dimer were elevated in the majority of patients with COVID-19. Few of the patients were had a low level of FVIII, which might be related to abnormal function of the liver or might be attributed to autoantibodies directed against FVIII.","PeriodicalId":53847,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Hematology","volume":"10 1","pages":"152 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46238157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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