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Automatic Estimation of Soil Biochar Quantity via Hyperspectral Imaging 利用高光谱成像技术自动估算土壤生物炭的数量
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-9435-4.CH011
Lei Tong, Jun Zhou, S. Bai, Chengyuan Xu, Y. Qian, Yongsheng Gao, Zhihong Xu
Biochar soil amendment is globally recognized as an emerging approach to mitigate CO2 emissions and increase crop yield. Because the durability and changes of biochar may affect its long term functions, it is important to quantify biochar in soil after application. In this chapter, an automatic soil biochar estimation method is proposed by analysis of hyperspectral images captured by cameras that cover both visible and infrared light wavelengths. The soil image is considered as a mixture of soil and biochar signals, and then hyperspectral unmixing methods are applied to estimate the biochar proportion at each pixel. The final percentage of biochar can be calculated by taking the mean of the proportion of hyperspectral pixels. Three different models of unmixing are described in this chapter. Their experimental results are evaluated by polynomial regression and root mean square errors against the ground truth data collected in the environmental labs. The results show that hyperspectral unmixing is a promising method to measure the percentage of biochar in the soil.
生物炭土壤改良剂是全球公认的一种减少二氧化碳排放和提高作物产量的新兴方法。由于生物炭的耐久性和变化会影响其长期功能,因此对施用后土壤中生物炭的定量研究非常重要。在本章中,提出了一种土壤生物炭自动估算方法,该方法通过对相机拍摄的可见光和红外光波长的高光谱图像进行分析。将土壤图像视为土壤和生物炭信号的混合,然后采用高光谱解调方法估计每个像元上的生物炭比例。最终的生物炭百分比可以通过取高光谱像元比例的平均值来计算。本章描述了三种不同的分解模型。他们的实验结果通过多项式回归和均方根误差对环境实验室收集的真实数据进行评估。结果表明,高光谱解调是一种很有前途的测量土壤中生物炭百分比的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing for Forest Landscape Fragmentation Analysis in the Yoko Forest, Kisangani, DRC 刚果民主共和国基桑加尼洋子森林景观破碎化的多时相Landsat遥感分析
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2719-0.CH008
Jean-fiston Mikwa Ngamba, Ewango Corneille Ekokinya, C. N. Luwesi, Yves-Dady Botula Kahindo, Muhogwa Jean Marie, H. Seya
This study assessed the impact of human activities on deforestation and sustainability of water resources and livelihoods in the Congo Basin. It mainly aimed to assess forest degradation in the Yoko reserve from 1976 to 2015 and investigate the compatibility of Landsat imagery for forest monitoring. Digital Image processing for unsupervised classification was done using ENVI software while supervised classification was done by means of ArcGIS 10. Results show that forest landscape faced large scale human induced fragmentation over the last 40 years. If these trends continue, they will affect the sustainability of water resources and livelihoods in the Congo Basin of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Hence, policy makers need to look at key drivers and address impacts that may threaten the future of Hydrological Ecosystems Services, including water and land resources in the Congo Basin. Authorities have to apply an Integrated Management of Water, Land and Ecosystems.
本研究评估了人类活动对刚果盆地森林砍伐、水资源可持续性和生计的影响。主要目的是评估1976 - 2015年阳子保护区森林退化情况,探讨Landsat影像与森林监测的兼容性。使用ENVI软件进行无监督分类的数字图像处理,使用ArcGIS 10软件进行有监督分类。结果表明:近40 a森林景观面临着大规模人为破碎化。如果这些趋势继续下去,它们将影响刚果民主共和国刚果盆地水资源的可持续性和生计。因此,政策制定者需要关注关键驱动因素,并解决可能威胁水文生态系统服务未来的影响,包括刚果盆地的水资源和土地资源。当局必须实行水、土地和生态系统的综合管理。
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引用次数: 4
Agro-Geoinformatics, Potato Cultivation, and Climate Change 农业地理信息、马铃薯种植与气候变化
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.CH012
Upasana Dutta
The agriculture sector is reeling under the pressures of population, land and water scarcity, diseases, disasters and the most challenging of them all, climate change. Although climate change is yet to be charged with affecting agriculture, but in recent years trends of change have been witnessed in various crop production, with a hint of climate's role in it. With the advent of technology, these trends have become easier to analyse and in certain cases predict too. Information Technology (ICT) tools like Geoinformatics are playing a profound role in the agriculture sector and is helping to understand and assess the various factors affecting the growth of crops along with finding out the alternative suitability parameters for better production and distribution. The main aim of this chapter on agro-geoinformatics is to look into this linkage between technology usage and better potato production during adverse conditions.
农业部门在人口、土地和水资源短缺、疾病、灾害以及其中最具挑战性的气候变化的压力下步履维艰。虽然气候变化尚未被指控影响农业,但近年来各种作物生产的变化趋势已被见证,其中有气候作用的暗示。随着技术的出现,这些趋势变得更容易分析,在某些情况下也更容易预测。地理信息学等信息技术(ICT)工具在农业部门发挥着深远的作用,并有助于了解和评估影响作物生长的各种因素,同时找出更好地生产和分配的替代适宜性参数。本章关于农业地理信息学的主要目的是研究在不利条件下技术使用与更好的马铃薯生产之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Geography's Second Twilight 地理学的第二次曙光
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch008
J. Dobson
Jerome E. Dobson, professor emeritus, University of Kansas; president of the American Geographical Society; and recipient of the 2014 James R. Anderson Medal of Honor in Applied Geography, discusses his career in the context of America's academic purge of geography. Highlights include his time as a Jefferson Science Fellow with the National Academies and U. S. Department of State. Dobson has been recognized with two lifetime achievement awards for his pioneering work in geographic information systems (GIS) and as Alumnus of 2013 at Reinhardt University. His contributions include the paradigm of automated geography, his instrumental role in originating the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis, and his leadership of the LandScan Global Population Database, the de facto world standard for estimating populations at risk. His recent research includes testing a new system for mapping minefields; designing and promulgating the current world standard for cartographic representation of landmines, minefields, and mine actions; and leading six AGS Bowman Expeditions.
Jerome E. Dobson,堪萨斯大学名誉教授;美国地理学会会长;2014年詹姆斯·r·安德森应用地理荣誉勋章获得者,在美国地理学术清洗的背景下讨论了他的职业生涯。他的亮点包括他在国家科学院和美国国务院担任杰斐逊科学研究员的时间。Dobson因其在地理信息系统(GIS)方面的开创性工作和2013年莱因哈特大学(Reinhardt University)的校友身份,获得了两项终身成就奖。他的贡献包括自动化地理的范例,他在创建国家地理信息和分析中心方面发挥了重要作用,以及他领导的LandScan全球人口数据库,这是估计风险人口的事实上的世界标准。他最近的研究包括测试一个测绘雷区的新系统;设计和颁布目前的地雷、雷区和排雷行动地图表示世界标准;并领导了六次AGS鲍曼探险。
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引用次数: 0
GIS Use for Mapping Land Degradation GIS在土地退化制图中的应用
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch032
M. R. Boussema
In this chapter, the author presents a review of the GIS use during the research carried out during the past three decades dealing with land degradation. The objective is to assess the viability of applying GIS with different modes of remotely sensed data acquisition for quantifying land degradation in Tunisia. Various GIS based modelling approaches for soil erosion hazard assessment such as empirical and physical distributed are discussed. Five case studies are selected from several projects. They apply different methods for land degradation investigation at different scales using GIS and remotely sensed data. The research dealt mainly with: 1) The prediction of soil erosion at the regional level related to conservation techniques; 2) The quantification of soil erosion at the gully level based on GIS, digital photogrammetry and fieldwork; 3) The monitoring of gully erosion using GIS combined to images acquired by a non-metric digital camera on board a kite.
在本章中,作者回顾了过去三十年来在处理土地退化的研究中使用GIS的情况。目的是评估将地理信息系统与不同模式的遥感数据获取应用于突尼斯土地退化量化的可行性。讨论了各种基于GIS的土壤侵蚀危害评估建模方法,如经验模型和物理分布模型。从几个项目中选择了五个案例研究。他们采用不同的方法,利用GIS和遥感数据进行不同尺度的土地退化调查。主要研究内容包括:1)与水土保持技术相关的区域土壤侵蚀预测;2)基于GIS、数字摄影测量和野外调查的沟壑区土壤侵蚀定量研究;3)利用GIS与风筝上的非公制数码相机采集的图像相结合,对沟壑侵蚀进行监测。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of Active Remote Sensing Technologies for Natural Disaster Damage Assessments 主动式遥感技术在自然灾害损害评估中的应用
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1814-3.CH010
M. T. Rahman
Immediately following a natural disaster, it is imperative to accurately assess the damages caused by the disaster for effective rescue and relief operations. Passive remote sensing imageries have been analyzed and used for over four decades for such assessments. However, they do have their limitations including inability to collect data during violent weather conditions, medium to low spatial resolution, and assessing areas and pixels on a damages/no damage basis. Recent advances in active remote sensing data collection methods can resolve some of these limitations. In this chapter, the basic theories and processing techniques of active remote sensing data is first discussed. It then provides some of the advantages and limitations of using active remote sensing data for disaster damage assessments. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing how data from active sensors are used to assess damages from various types of natural disasters.
在自然灾害发生后,准确评估灾害造成的损失,以便进行有效的抢险救灾。四十多年来,被动遥感图像已被分析和用于此类评估。然而,它们确实有其局限性,包括无法在恶劣天气条件下收集数据,中到低空间分辨率,以及在损坏/无损坏的基础上评估区域和像素。主动遥感数据收集方法的最新进展可以解决其中的一些限制。本章首先讨论了主动遥感数据的基本理论和处理技术。然后介绍了利用主动遥感数据进行灾害损害评估的一些优点和局限性。最后,本章最后讨论了如何使用主动传感器的数据来评估各种自然灾害造成的损害。
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引用次数: 2
Genetic-Based Estimation of Biomass Using Geographical Information System 基于地理信息系统的生物量遗传估算
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch025
S. Nagarajan
The utilization of relative shading size of a picture to extricate the vegetation of a study range Vellore, Tamilnadu, India was proposed. This novel hereditary based calculation utilizes the pixel guide of every picture and tries to figure out the ranges using so as to fit the right determination for vegetation Biomass the hereditary based methodology. The simplicity of execution permits any further changes to the calculation in future. Capable picture handling component permitted improved control of picture A Google Programming interface was utilized to concentrate and yield picture. It permitted simple augmentation of the work to any demographic range. The proposed calculation is superior to anything some present day devices as it is taking into account singular pixel values as opposed to layers. All the more vitally, no pre-meaning of the picture or layer is needed. Pixel control permits blending the effectively utilized procedures with other more up to date picture handling strategies that would prompt a more far reaching and multi-useful calculation. The advances utilized are between operable and can be kept as a steady stage for further up degree. The calculation does endure in computational speed and can be upgraded by utilizing better equipment offices. Parallel registering may be another choice to accelerate the handling of free pixels. Certain area methodologies can be utilized to upgrade honing of picture and better limits.
以印度泰米尔纳德邦的Vellore为研究范围,提出了利用图像的相对遮阳大小来提取植被的方法。这种基于遗传的计算方法利用每幅图像的像素导向,试图找出其范围,从而拟合基于遗传的方法对植被生物量的正确测定。执行的简单性允许将来对计算进行任何进一步的更改。功能强大的图像处理组件,提高了对图像的控制。采用Google编程接口进行图像集中和生成。它允许将工作简单地扩大到任何人口范围。所提出的计算优于任何目前的设备,因为它考虑到单一像素值,而不是层。更重要的是,不需要图片或图层的预先含义。像素控制允许将有效利用的程序与其他更最新的图像处理策略混合在一起,这将促使更深远和多用途的计算。所利用的进度介于可操作和可以保持一个稳定的阶段,以进一步提高程度。该计算在计算速度上有一定的优势,并且可以通过使用更好的设备进行升级。并行注册可能是加速处理空闲像素的另一种选择。某些区域方法可以用来提高图像的珩磨和更好的限制。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring Changes in Urban Cover Using Landsat Satellite Images and Demographical Information 利用陆地卫星图像和人口信息监测城市覆盖变化
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1683-5.CH005
P. Srivastava, S. Suman, S. Pandey
The monitoring of urban cover is very important for the planner, management, governmental and non-governmental organizations for optimizing the use of urban resources and minimizing the environmental losses. The study here aims at analyzing the changes that occurred in urban green cover over a time span of 1991-2001 using multi-date Landsat satellite images data over the Varanasi district, India and its relation to demographical changes. The Support Vector Machines (SVMs) classifier has been used for image classification. The urbanization indicators such as Land Consumption Ratio (LCR) and Land Absorption Coefficient (LAC) were also used in order to understand the changes in urban cover and population dynamics. All the analysis indicates significant changes in the urban cover values with increasing population at both spatial and temporal scale.
城市覆盖监测对于规划人员、管理人员、政府和非政府组织优化城市资源利用和减少环境损失具有重要意义。本研究旨在利用印度瓦拉纳西地区的多日期Landsat卫星图像数据,分析1991-2001年期间城市绿地覆盖的变化及其与人口变化的关系。支持向量机(svm)分类器已被用于图像分类。利用土地消耗比(LCR)和土地吸收系数(LAC)等城市化指标了解城市覆被变化和人口动态。结果表明,随着人口的增加,城市覆盖值在时空尺度上都发生了显著的变化。
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引用次数: 4
Improving the Efficiency of Image Interpretation Using Ground Truth Terrestrial Photographs 利用地面真实照片提高图像解译效率
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1814-3.CH004
G. Gienko, M. Govorov
Researchers worldwide use remotely sensed imagery in their projects, in both the social and natural sciences. However, users often encounter difficulties working with satellite images and aerial photographs, as image interpretation requires specific experience and skills. The best way to acquire these skills is to go into the field, identify your location in an overhead image, observe the landscape, and find corresponding features in the overhead image. In many cases, personal observations could be substituted by using terrestrial photographs taken from the ground with conventional cameras. This chapter discusses the value of terrestrial photographs as a substitute for field observations, elaborates on issues of data collection, and presents results of experimental estimation of the effectiveness of the use of terrestrial ground truth photographs for interpretation of remotely sensed imagery. The chapter introduces the concept of GeoTruth – a web-based collaborative framework for collection, storing and distribution of ground truth terrestrial photographs and corresponding metadata.
世界各地的研究人员在他们的项目中使用遥感图像,包括社会科学和自然科学。但是,用户在处理卫星图像和航空照片时经常遇到困难,因为图像解释需要特定的经验和技能。获得这些技能的最佳方法是进入现场,在头顶图像中确定您的位置,观察景观,并在头顶图像中找到相应的特征。在许多情况下,个人观察可以用传统照相机从地面拍摄的地面照片来代替。本章讨论了地面照片作为实地观测的替代品的价值,详细说明了数据收集的问题,并介绍了使用地面真值照片解释遥感图像的有效性的实验估计结果。本章介绍了GeoTruth的概念——一个基于网络的协作框架,用于收集、存储和分发地面真实照片和相应的元数据。
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引用次数: 0
Streaming Remote Sensing Data Processing for the Future Smart Cities 面向未来智慧城市的流遥感数据处理
IF 1.4 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch077
Xihuang Sun, Peng Liu, Yan Ma, Dingsheng Liu, Yechao Sun
The explosion of data and the increase in processing complexity, together with the increasing needs of real-time processing and concurrent data access, make remote sensing data streaming processing a wide research area to study. This paper introduces current situation of remote sensing data processing and how timely remote sensing data processing can help build future smart cities. Current research on remote sensing data streaming is also introduced where the three typical and open-source stream processing frameworks are introduced. This paper also discusses some design concerns for remote sensing data streaming processing systems, such as data model and transmission, system model, programming interfaces, storage management, availability, etc. Finally, this research specifically addresses some of the challenges of remote sensing data streaming processing, such as scalability, fault tolerance, consistency, load balancing and throughput.
数据的爆炸式增长和处理复杂性的提高,以及对实时处理和数据并发访问的需求日益增加,使得遥感数据流处理成为一个广泛的研究领域。本文介绍了遥感数据处理的现状,以及遥感数据及时处理如何帮助建设未来智慧城市。介绍了遥感数据流的研究现状,介绍了三种典型的开源数据流处理框架。本文还讨论了遥感数据流处理系统的数据模型与传输、系统模型、编程接口、存储管理、可用性等设计问题。最后,本研究针对遥感数据流处理的一些挑战,如可扩展性、容错、一致性、负载平衡和吞吐量。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems
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