GERMANIC REVIEW最新文献

英文中文

Nature, Condensed: Reading Paul Celan, Esther Kinsky, and Theodor W. Adorno in the Anthropocene 《自然，浓缩:人类世中保罗·策兰、埃斯特·金斯基和西奥多·阿多诺的解读》

3区文学 0 LITERATURE, GERMAN, DUTCH, SCANDINAVIAN

GERMANIC REVIEW

Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/00168890.2023.2257350

Natalie Lozinski-Veach

AbstractThis essay explores a particular kind of German postwar aesthetics as a framework for thinking through the conceptual challenges of the Anthropocene. Focusing on the relationship between nature and history, the article reads Paul Celan’s “The World” from Speech Grille (Sprachgitter) together with Esther Kinsky’s 2013 volume Nature Preserve (Naturschutzgebiet) to trace how both authors intertwine commemoration of the Shoah with exact attention to the more-than-human world. These two aspects of their poetry are not merely complementary but mutually constitutive; together, they give shape to the ecological entanglements that Donna Haraway has referred to as naturecultures. Considered in relation to Theodor W. Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory, both poets combine reflections on language, history, and the natural world in a way that remains conscious of its own mediation as a specifically human—and, as such, necessarily partial—form of expression. In this way, memory gives rise to a poetics of condensation, a form of literary expression in which history and nature, including human nature, emerge as interwoven in language.Keywords: AnthropoceneecologyaestheticshistoryHolocaustnatureculturespoetryShoah Notes1 Bertolt Brecht, The Collected Poems of Bertolt Brecht, trans. David Constantine and Tom Kuhn (New York: Liveright Publishing, 2019), 734.2 Due to its etymological focus on humans, the term Anthropocene has been contentious. Plantationocene and Chthulucene are possible alternatives. The former explicitly links our current ecological crisis with colonialism and racism, while the latter, coined by Donna Haraway, emphasizes non-human agency and the need to move away from anthropocentric frameworks. Sophie Sapp Moore et al., “The Plantationocene and Plantation Legacies Today,” Edge Effects, January 22, 2019, https://edgeeffects.net/plantation-legacies-plantationocene/. Donna J. Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (Durham: Duke University Press, 2016).3 Dipesh Chakrabarty, “The Climate of History: Four Theses,” Critical Inquiry 35, no. 2 (2009): 197–222, 207.4 As Chakrabarty notes, this distinction had been in place “even in environmental histories that saw the two entities in interaction” (207). Jason Moore has referred to this dynamic as the “Green Arithmetic, […] the idea that our histories may be considered and narrated by adding up Humanity (or Society) and Nature, or even Capitalism plus Nature” (2). For Moore, this calculation continues to do damage by projecting the existence of separate realms, “Society without nature, Nature without humans.” Such a division has, of course, always been questionable, and yet Cartesian dualisms have hardened into political and economic agendas, determining not only extractionist policies, but also efforts to curb them, shaping approaches to conservation over the course of the twentieth century. On this last point, see also Jamie Lorimer, “The Anthropo-Scene: A Guide for the Perplexed,”

摘要本文探讨了一种特殊的德国战后美学，作为思考人类世概念挑战的框架。本文以自然与历史的关系为中心，将保罗·策兰的《世界》(Speech Grille, Sprachgitter)与埃斯特·金斯基(Esther Kinsky) 2013年的《自然保护区》(nature Preserve, Naturschutzgebiet)结合起来，追溯两位作者是如何将对大屠杀的纪念与对超越人类的世界的精确关注交织在一起的。他们诗歌的这两个方面不仅是互补的，而且是相互构成的;它们共同塑造了唐娜·哈拉威称之为自然文化的生态纠葛。考虑到与西奥多·阿多诺的美学理论的关系，两位诗人结合了对语言、历史和自然世界的反思，以一种仍然意识到自己作为特定人类的中介的方式，因此，必然是部分的表达形式。这样，记忆产生了一种凝结的诗学，一种历史与自然，包括人性交织在语言中的文学表达形式。关键词:人类世生态学美学历史大屠杀自然文化研究大屠杀注释1布莱希特《布莱希特诗集》译David Constantine和Tom Kuhn(纽约:Liveright Publishing, 2019)， 734.2由于词源学上关注人类，“人类世”一词一直存在争议。Plantationocene和Chthulucene是可能的替代品。前者明确地将我们当前的生态危机与殖民主义和种族主义联系起来，而后者由唐娜·哈拉威(Donna Haraway)创造，强调非人类的力量和摆脱人类中心主义框架的必要性。索菲·萨普·摩尔等人，“今天的种植园新世和种植园遗产”，边缘效应，2019年1月22日，https://edgeeffects.net/plantation-legacies-plantationocene/。2 . Donna J. Haraway，与麻烦同行:在Chthulucene制造亲属(达勒姆:杜克大学出版社，2016)迪佩什·查克拉巴蒂，《历史的气候:四个论点》，《批判探究》第35期，第5期。正如Chakrabarty所指出的那样，这种区别“甚至在环境历史中看到这两个实体相互作用”(207)。杰森·摩尔将这种动态称为“绿色算术”，[…]这种思想认为，我们的历史可以通过将人类(或社会)和自然，甚至资本主义和自然相加来考虑和叙述”(2)。对摩尔来说，这种计算继续造成破坏，因为它预测了不同领域的存在，“社会没有自然，自然没有人类”。当然，这样的划分一直是有问题的，但笛卡尔的二元论已经在政治和经济议程中变得强硬起来，不仅决定了榨取主义的政策，还决定了遏制这些政策的努力，在20世纪的过程中塑造了保护的方法。关于这最后一点，请参见杰米·洛里默的《人类的场景:困惑的指南》，《科学社会研究》第47期。1 (2017): 117-42, 25.5 Gregg Mitman，“Donna Haraway和Anna qing反思planationocene”，Edge Effects, 2019年6月18日，https://edgeeffects.net/haraway-tsing-plantationocene/.6 Lorimer，“the human - scene”，17.7 Donna J. Haraway，“伴侣物种宣言”;狗，人，和重要的他者”，载于Manifestly Haraway(明尼苏达大学出版社，2016)，第95.8页。这种关于人类世美学表现的重要性和挑战的论点构成了环境人文学科的核心原则之一。重要的例子包括阿米塔夫·高希(Amitav Ghosh)对与气候变化有关的小说的有争议的批评，伊丽莎白·m·德洛雷(Elizabeth M. DeLoughrey)对寓言作为土著和后殖民艺术表现模式的研究，以及蒂莫西·克拉克(Timothy Clark)对人类世艺术和批评的彻底思考。天哪，《大错乱:气候变化和不可想象》(芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社，2016);DeLoughrey，《人类世的寓言》(杜伦:杜克大学出版社，2019);9 .克拉克，《边缘的生态批评:人类世作为一个阈值概念》(伦敦:布鲁姆斯伯里出版社，2015)例如，虽然小说有能力跨越大尺度的时间和空间讲述非人类主体的故事，但它们有重复太过熟悉的术语和叙事结构的风险，这些术语和叙事结构可能会无意中维持人类中心主义的观点。克拉克:《边缘的生态批评》，178页。参见Adam Trexler的《人类世小说》。《气候变化时代的小说》(夏洛茨维尔:弗吉尼亚大学出版社，2015)。与此同时，大卫·法里尔(David Farrier)等评论家也在这种背景下为诗歌的价值辩护。大卫·法里尔，《人类世诗学:深时间、牺牲区和灭绝》(明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社，2019年)。参见马修·格里菲斯，《气候变化的新诗学:变暖世界的现代主义美学》，环境文化系列(伦敦:布卢姆斯伯里出版社，2017)马克斯·霍克海默和西奥多·阿多诺:《启蒙辩证法》，冈泽林·施密德·诺里编，译。埃德蒙·杰弗科特(斯坦福，加州:斯坦福大学出版社，2002)，18。德文原著:马克斯·霍克海默和西奥多·阿多诺，Dialektik der Aufklärung。《哲学碎片》(Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 2011)， 6.24值得注意的是，在阿多诺的作品中，自然不仅仅是一个自我等同的概念;相反，这个概念指的是不断变化的一系列意义。欧文·胡拉特(Owen Hulatt)对这个问题做了一个很好的总结:“阿多诺的自然概念的大部分困难源于阿多诺对自然的承诺，即自然是:(1)一个由特定历史时期的概念前提构成的历史范畴，(2)思想本质的决定因素，(3)一个概念之外的“非同一”真理的存储库，这些真理不能被传统的概念应用所捕获”(793)。欧文·胡拉特，《评论:德博拉·库克的阿多诺论自然》，《心灵》121期，第2期。483(2012): 793-95.25霍克海默和阿多诺，Dialektik, 45.26 Deborah Cook，阿多诺论自然(达勒姆:Acumen出版有限公司，2011)，88-89.27 Theodor W. Adorno, Negative Dialektik / Jargon der Eigentlichkeit，编，Rolf Tiedemann，第6卷，Gesammelte Schriften (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1973)， 355.28 Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 78。德国原版:西奥多·阿多诺，Ästhetische Theorie，编辑罗尔夫·蒂德曼和格莱特·阿多诺(法兰克福:Suhrkamp, 1973)， 121.29阿多诺，Ästhetische Theorie, 104.30阿多诺，美学理论，131;Ästhetische理论，198.31同上，219。Ästhetische理论，325.32同上，218;Ästhetische Theorie, 325.33参见Simon Schama，“Der Holzweg: The Track Through The Woods，”in Landscape and Memory (New Y

{"title":"Nature, Condensed: Reading Paul Celan, Esther Kinsky, and Theodor W. Adorno in the Anthropocene","authors":"Natalie Lozinski-Veach","doi":"10.1080/00168890.2023.2257350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00168890.2023.2257350","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis essay explores a particular kind of German postwar aesthetics as a framework for thinking through the conceptual challenges of the Anthropocene. Focusing on the relationship between nature and history, the article reads Paul Celan’s “The World” from Speech Grille (Sprachgitter) together with Esther Kinsky’s 2013 volume Nature Preserve (Naturschutzgebiet) to trace how both authors intertwine commemoration of the Shoah with exact attention to the more-than-human world. These two aspects of their poetry are not merely complementary but mutually constitutive; together, they give shape to the ecological entanglements that Donna Haraway has referred to as naturecultures. Considered in relation to Theodor W. Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory, both poets combine reflections on language, history, and the natural world in a way that remains conscious of its own mediation as a specifically human—and, as such, necessarily partial—form of expression. In this way, memory gives rise to a poetics of condensation, a form of literary expression in which history and nature, including human nature, emerge as interwoven in language.Keywords: AnthropoceneecologyaestheticshistoryHolocaustnatureculturespoetryShoah Notes1 Bertolt Brecht, The Collected Poems of Bertolt Brecht, trans. David Constantine and Tom Kuhn (New York: Liveright Publishing, 2019), 734.2 Due to its etymological focus on humans, the term Anthropocene has been contentious. Plantationocene and Chthulucene are possible alternatives. The former explicitly links our current ecological crisis with colonialism and racism, while the latter, coined by Donna Haraway, emphasizes non-human agency and the need to move away from anthropocentric frameworks. Sophie Sapp Moore et al., “The Plantationocene and Plantation Legacies Today,” Edge Effects, January 22, 2019, https://edgeeffects.net/plantation-legacies-plantationocene/. Donna J. Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (Durham: Duke University Press, 2016).3 Dipesh Chakrabarty, “The Climate of History: Four Theses,” Critical Inquiry 35, no. 2 (2009): 197–222, 207.4 As Chakrabarty notes, this distinction had been in place “even in environmental histories that saw the two entities in interaction” (207). Jason Moore has referred to this dynamic as the “Green Arithmetic, […] the idea that our histories may be considered and narrated by adding up Humanity (or Society) and Nature, or even Capitalism plus Nature” (2). For Moore, this calculation continues to do damage by projecting the existence of separate realms, “Society without nature, Nature without humans.” Such a division has, of course, always been questionable, and yet Cartesian dualisms have hardened into political and economic agendas, determining not only extractionist policies, but also efforts to curb them, shaping approaches to conservation over the course of the twentieth century. On this last point, see also Jamie Lorimer, “The Anthropo-Scene: A Guide for the Perplexed,”","PeriodicalId":54022,"journal":{"name":"GERMANIC REVIEW","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135902760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}