Spanish Journal of Psychology最新文献

This study examined a multilevel model of leadership climate, professional self-efficacy, and technostrain in a sample of 877 individuals across 76 teams in Spain and Uruguay. We hypothesized that high levels of professional self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between leadership climate and technostrain (i.e., exhaustion, skepticism, anxiety, and inefficacy related to technology use). Our findings reveal that a positive leadership climate significantly boosts professional self-efficacy, which in turn decreases the experience of technostrain. Moreover, perceptions of shared leadership are positively associated with reduced technostrain. In terms of practical implications, the results suggest that leaders can mitigate the technostrain experienced by workers by providing socio-emotional support, facilitating positive experiences with information and communication technology (ICT), and exemplifying ethical conduct in ICT use. Additionally, efficacy beliefs can be optimized through prior training and the perception of technological and social facilitators in the workplace, which will contribute to the development of positive technology experiences at work. Further implications and limitations of the study will be discussed.

This research builds on previous work showing that interpersonal synchrony in dyads is a social cue that informs bystanders about the dyads' psychological attributes and influences their intentions to affiliate with members of dyads. Across two studies, participants were asked to observe dyads walking down a corridor during the TV show Shark Tank, rate the dyads' collective efficacy, and express their own intentions to affiliate with them. The results replicate and extend previous work, suggesting that perceived synchrony, collective efficacy, and affiliation intentions are positively correlated, and that perceived synchrony can have positive spill-over effects on outcomes such as attracting business proposals and being liked by others.

This study investigated weight-related stigmatization in France using a mixed-methods approach with two aims: (1) to generate a systematic inventory of weight-related stigmatizing situations and (2) to examine how quality of life, self-esteem, and internalization of responsibility vary with BMI and sociodemographic factors (age, degree, and bariatric surgery). For the first objective, 252 French women reported a negative weight-related experience between September and December 2024, rated its emotional impact, and identified the source, form, and context of the stigma. For the second objective, 387 women and 63 men completed an online survey measuring attitudes (belief in a just world, self-esteem, and quality of life) and sociodemographic variables (gender, age, BMI, and degree). Qualitative analysis identified 484 stigmatizing incidents, categorized into eight themes. The most common were unpleasant verbal remarks (comments on appearance and weight, normative injunctions, and guilt-inducing statements), mainly from healthcare professionals. Most events occurred in private or semi-private settings such as homes or healthcare environments, often when the individual was alone with another person. Quantitative analyses revealed that greater stigma exposure, especially when paired with higher BMI, was linked to lower quality of life and, consequently, reduced self-esteem. Repeated stigmatization also led to a perception by people with obesity that, while the world is fair to others, it is unfair to them, further undermining their self-worth. These findings highlight the profound psychological toll of weight-related stigmatization and the need for more inclusive social and healthcare environments.

The present study investigates whether parental psychopathology developed after a terrorist attack influences the development of disorders in their children in the very long term, with a mean time of 24.87 years (SD = 8.5) having elapsed between the event and the assessment. For this purpose, participants included 66 adults (M_age = 32.17, SD = 7.25; 59.1% female) who were minors at the time of the attack (M_age = 5.92, SD = 4.98) and 67 parents (M_age = 58.82, SD = 7.86; 62.7% female). We examined a possible relationship between the development of parents' psychopathology after suffering the attack and the psychopathology of their adult offspring, whose exposure-direct or indirect-occurred during childhood. The analysis focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional disorders (depressive and anxiety disorders). No statistically significant evidence was found to support the relationship between parental and offspring psychopathology, with measures of the effect size of OR = 1.79 for PTSD, OR = 2.22 for depressive disorders, and OR = .81 for anxiety disorders. Although the data show some tendency suggesting that offspring of parents with past psychopathology may be more likely to develop depressive disorders and PTSD over the long term, no statistically significant results were found to support the research hypothesis or much of the existing literature. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the lack of significant evidence.

Women face a variety of sociocultural and individual obstacles that can trap them in violent relationships. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of cognitive distortions in women's decision-making (loyalty and exit) within their current relationships, distinguishing between those who experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) and those who did not. Additionally, we examined the moderating effects of the traditional female role and the dependency between the group condition (IPV victims versus nonvictims) and cognitive distortions. Results showed that the IPV victims present higher levels of the traditional female role, dependency, cognitive distortions, and use of loyalty and exit strategies to a greater extent compared with the nonvictims. Similarly, two explanatory models were tested, revealing that women who were victims of IPV by their current partner (compared to the nonvictims group) exhibited greater cognitive distortions and, consequently, were more likely to use loyalty and exit strategies. The moderating effects of the traditional female role among the group of IPV victims and cognitive distortions were obtained. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how cognitive distortions and adherence to the traditional female role can influence women's decision-making (loyalty and exit), reinforcing the notion that they are responsible for maintaining the relationship.

The increasing levels of job demands and work stress experienced daily by workers in multiple contexts have increased the experience of the need for recovery after work. This study aims to provide validity evidence for the Danish Need for Recovery (NFR) Scale. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the scale, its factor structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and validity based on relationships with other variables (job stress, general health, and affective states) in two samples of Spanish workers. The results obtained through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses strongly support the unidimensional structure of the Spanish version of the NFR in its full eight-item version after eliminating one item not applicable in our cultural context, with good data fit. The values obtained regarding internal consistency, besides measurement invariance across groups, ensure the scale's reliability and applicability. The validity and associations with other constructs tested were also confirmed in the hypothesized relationships with the respective variables analyzed. However, the short three-item version does not present a better fit compared to the full version in its Spanish validation. The Spanish adaptation of the Danish NFR scale in its full eight-item version constitutes a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of this construct. The methodological and practical implications of the Spanish version of the NFR scale are detailed in the discussion.

The performance of elite athletes is at the forefront of attention in sports science, with a predominant focus on technical, physiological, mental, or contextual factors that can be leveraged to optimize athlete performance. Athletes' off-sports activities, however, remain largely unexplored. What is it that elite athletes do in their off-sports time, and how are their off-sports activities related to sports experiences and outcomes? With this qualitative study, we aim to illuminate athletes' off-sports activities and their implications for sports outcomes. We collected listings of off-sports activities from 46 professional soccer players and interviewed 15 elite speed skaters about their off-sports activities and their potential to enrich or interfere with their sports domain. The resulting category framework of off-sports activities comprises eight categories, reflecting social, cognitive, and physical off-sports activities. Next, the speed skaters described beneficial spillover experiences for active, high-effort mastery-oriented off-sports activities. However, such activities could also cause fatigue if not balanced with sufficient, more passive, restful activities. In all, athletes did experience spillover from non-sports to sports and their qualitative accounts reveal several antecedents, mechanisms, and outcomes of spillover, supporting the process view of the work-home resources (W-HR) model (Ten Brummelhuis & Bakker, 2012).

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people show different trajectories after gender transition. While some continue to transition, others detransition (DT), that is, stop or reverse the process. Both populations experience poor mental health, but no study has compared whether they have different psychological profiles and needs. This exploratory study compared TGD and DT participants in terms of psychopathological symptoms, personality variables, and the possible presence of eating disorders (ED) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A total of 29 TGD participants (M age = 28.28, 72.4% female at birth) and 21 DT participants (M age = 29.19, 66.7% female at birth) completed the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), the Sick-Control-One stone-Fat-Food (SCOFF), and the 10-item Autism Quotient (AQ-10). Of these, 28% screened positive for ED and 28% for ASD, and the percentage for ASD was higher in the DT group. TGD participants had elevated scores on borderline features and mania, whereas DT participants had elevated scores on anxiety-related disorders. The TGD group showed significantly higher scores on antisocial features, alcohol problems, and dominance, and significantly higher rates of self-harm; the DT group had significantly higher scores on phobias and significantly higher rates of social detachment. Both groups exhibited elevated scores on suicidal ideation, stress, and nonsupport. The results suggest that TGD and DT participants may have different psychological profiles, with TGD participants exhibiting more externalizing symptoms and DT participants reporting more neurodiversity and internalizing symptoms. The findings highlight common and distinct vulnerabilities and needs that should be considered in clinical practice.

The clinical presentation and course of illness of older-age bipolar disorder (OABD) are highly variable. In addition, the presentation and course of bipolar disorder (BD) differ between females and males. This study aims to carry out a network analysis of older people with symptoms compatible with BD. Using a sample from the MentDis_ICF65+ study, a symptom network analysis was conducted according to gender and age in 555 people over 65 in the Community of Madrid (Spain). The network was estimated using the InsingFit package that implements a procedure called eLasso. These results reveal differences in the strength, closeness, and betweenness of the networks according to gender and for the age groups 65-74 and 75-84. Females present a network that is much more sparse, with a lower density, and consisting of two sub-networks: one composed of TALK (more talkative than usual) and RACIN (a flight of ideas, racing thoughts) and the other of PAINF (activities with painful consequences), SLEEP (the decreased need for sleep), GRAND (inflated self-esteem), and AGIT (psychomotor agitation). In the case of men, a denser network is obtained, with greater connections between all the symptoms, being the edge with greater weight than the one integrated by RACIN and GRAND. In relation to age, it is possible to observe changes in the model between the two age groups. These network differences support viewing OABD dimensionally and emphasize considering gender and age to improve understanding and personalize treatments for older adults with bipolar disorder symptoms.

Violence in early dating relationships can continue into adulthood. The literature usually focuses on the negative effects of violent relationships, but rarely includes the reasons for or antecedents of such behavior. The main objectives of this study were to identify different psychosocial profiles in terms of frustration tolerance and partner dependency and how they are correlated with psychological partner violence, as well as to analyze the justifications for such violence in adolescents and young adults. A total of 69.9% of the final 1044 participants (62.1% girls; age range = 15-22) were involved in a relationship at the time of the evaluation. From a person-centered approach, latent profile analyses yielded three profiles (anxious dependent, low anxious and exclusive dependency, and low exclusive dependency). Significant differences were found between groups, except for the scores between Profiles 2 and 3 in exclusive dependency and anxious attachment between Profiles 3 and 1, with Profile 3 having the highest correlation with violence despite scoring lower in emotional dependency and exclusive dependency than Profile 1. Moreover, significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of violence in the relationship, but all three groups experienced bidirectional violence. The justifications were similar in all three groups, with the concern response being the most reported, together with jealousy in many cases. This research increases knowledge about the psychosocial factors associated with offline and online psychological violence in young couples and allows us to deeply examine the motives that young people express to justify violence in their relationships.