Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems最新文献

{"title":"High-speed imaging system to detect stellar occultations by Kuiper belt and Oort cloud objects","authors":"James Hitchcock, Richard H. Gomer","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016003","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of kilometer size objects in the Oort cloud has been conjectured but not observed as these objects are too small and too far away to be detected by reflected sunlight with current telescopes. However, these objects could be detected by serendipitous occultations of stars. We outline a pilot study for a planned occultation survey that will mount high frame-rate sCMOS cameras in the otherwise unused areas in the focal planes of large, ground-based telescopes. Because gigabytes of imaging data are produced every second, making storage of the imaging impractical for long-term observing campaigns, the image processing must be done in real time. We describe a data system that processes up to 330 frames/s of 3200×3200 images in real time and a procedure to analyze the recorded photometry for candidate occultation events by outer solar system objects. Although we did not detect any occultations, we describe successfully trialing our system taking continuous data on 7 nights of sCMOS observations of nearby open clusters with the 2.1 m telescope at McDonald Observatory, Texas.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-technique investigation of silicon nitride/aluminum membranes as optical blocking filters for high-energy space missions","authors":"Luisa Sciortino, Marco Barbera, Salvatore Ferruggia Bonura, Michela Todaro, Elena Puccio, Fabio D’Anca, Ugo Lo Cicero, Pekka T. Törmä, Elena Magnano, Silvia Nappini, Igor Píš, Emanuele Perinati, Sebastian Diebold, Alejandro Guzman, Chris Tenzer, Gianpiero Buscarino, Christian Gollwitzer, Evelyn Handick, Michael Krumrey, Christian Laubis, Roberto Candia, Salvatore Varisco","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.018002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.018002","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray detectors for space astrophysics missions are susceptible to noise caused by photons with energies outside the operating energy range; for this reason, efficient external optical blocking filters are required to shield the detector from the out-of-band radiation. These filters play a crucial role in meeting the scientific requirements of the X-ray detectors, and their proper operation over the life of the mission is essential for the success of the experimental activity. We studied thin sandwich membranes made of silicon nitride and aluminum as optical blocking filters for high-energy detectors in space missions. Here, we report the results of a multi-technique characterization of SiN membranes with thicknesses in the range from 40 nm to 145 nm coated with few tens of nanometers of aluminum on both sides. In particular, we have measured the X-ray transmission at synchrotron radiation beamlines, the rejection of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared radiation, the amount of native oxide on the aluminum surfaces by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the morphology of the sample surfaces by atomic force microscopy, and the aging effects under proton irradiation.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139558087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software architecture and development approach for the ASTRI Mini-Array project at the Teide Observatory","authors":"Andrea Bulgarelli, Fabrizio Lucarelli, Gino Tosti, Vito Conforti, Nicolò Parmiggiani, Joseph Hillary Schwarz, Juan Guillermo Alvarez Gallardo, Lucio Angelo Antonelli, Mauricio Araya, Matteo Balbo, Leonardo Baroncelli, Ciro Bigongiari, Pietro Bruno, Milvia Capalbi, Martina Cardillo, Guillermo Andres Rodriguez Castillo, Osvaldo Catalano, Antonio Alessio Compagnino, Mattia Corpora, Alessandro Costa, Silvia Crestan, Giuseppe Cusumano, Antonino D’Aì, Valentina Fioretti, Stefano Gallozzi, Stefano Germani, Fulvio Gianotti, Valentina Giordano, Andrea Giuliani, Alessandro Grillo, Isaias Huerta, Federico Incardona, Simone Iovenitti, Nicola La Palombara, Valentina La Parola, Marco Landoni, Saverio Lombardi, Maria Cettina Maccarone, Rachele Millul, Teresa Mineo, Gabriela Montenegro, Davide Mollica, Kevin Munari, Antonio Pagliaro, Giovanni Pareschi, Valerio Pastore, Matteo Perri, Fabio Pintore, Patrizia Romano, Federico Russo, Ricardo Zanmar Sanchez, Pierluca Sangiorgi, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Nestor Sayes, Eva Sciacca, Vitalii Sliusar, Salvatore Scuderi, Alessandro Tacchini, Vincenzo Testa, Massimo Trifoglio, Antonio Tutone, Stefano Vercellone, Roland Walter, for the ASTRI Project","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.017001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.017001","url":null,"abstract":"The Astrophysics with Italian Replicating Technology Mirrors (ASTRI) Mini-Array is an international collaboration led by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) and devoted to imaging atmospheric Cherenkov light for very-high γ-ray astrophysics, detection of cosmic-rays, and stellar Hambury-Brown intensity interferometry. The project is deploying an array of nine dual-mirror aplanatic imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes of 4-m class at the Teide Observatory on Tenerife in the Canary Islands. Based on SiPM sensors, the focal plane camera covers an unprecedented field of view of 10.5 deg in diameter. The array is most sensitive to γ-ray radiation above 1 up to 200 TeV, with an angular resolution of 3 arcmin, better than the current particle arrays, such as LHAASO and HAWC. We describe the overall software architecture of the ASTRI Mini-Array and the software engineering approach for its development. The software covers the entire life cycle of the Mini-Array, from scheduling to remote operations, data acquisition, and processing until data dissemination. The on-site control software allows remote array operations from different locations, including automated reactions to critical conditions. All data are collected every night, and the array trigger is managed post facto. The high-speed networking connection between the observatory site and the Data Center in Rome allows for ready data availability for stereoscopic event reconstruction, data processing, and almost real-time science products generation.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139558333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in Laue lens manufacturing and their impact on imaging performance","authors":"Lisa Ferro, Enrico Virgilli, Natalia Auricchio, Claudio Ferrari, Ezio Caroli, Riccardo Lolli, Miguel F. Moita, Piero Rosati, Filippo Frontera, Mauro Pucci, John B. Stephen, Cristiano Guidorzi","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.014002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.014002","url":null,"abstract":"We report on recent progress in the development of Laue lenses for applications in hard X/soft gamma-ray astronomy. Here, we focus on the realization of a sector of such a lens made of 11 bent germanium crystals and describe the technological challenges involved in their positioning and alignment with adhesive-based bonding techniques. The accurate alignment and the uniformity of the curvature of the crystals are critical for achieving optimal X-ray focusing capabilities. We assessed how the errors of misalignment with respect to the main orientation angles of the crystals affect the point spread function (PSF) of the image diffracted by a single sector. We corroborated these results with simulations carried out with our physical model of the lens, based on a Monte Carlo ray-tracing technique, adopting the geometrical configuration of the Laue sector, the observed assembly accuracy, and the measured curvatures of the crystals. An extrapolation of the performances achieved on a single sector to an entire Laue lens based on this model shows that a PSF with a half-power-diameter of 4.8 arcmin can be achieved with current technology. This has the potential to lead to a significant improvement in the sensitivity of spectroscopic and polarimetric observations in the 50 to 600 keV band.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstrating repetitive non-destructive readout with SiSeRO devices","authors":"Tanmoy Chattopadhyay, Sven Herrmann, Peter Orel, Kevan Donlon, Gregory Prigozhin, Glenn Morris, Michael Cooper, Beverly LaMarr, Andrew Malonis, Steven W. Allen, Marshall W. Bautz, Chris Leitz","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016004","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate so-called repetitive non-destructive readout (RNDR) for the first time on a single electron sensitive readout (SiSeRO) device. SiSeRO is a novel on-chip charge detector output stage for charge-coupled device image sensors, developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. This technology uses a p-MOSFET transistor with a depleted internal gate beneath the transistor channel. The transistor source-drain current is modulated by the transfer of charge into the internal gate. RNDR was realized by transferring the signal charge non-destructively between the internal gate and the summing well (SW), which is the last serial register. The advantage of the non-destructive charge transfer is that the signal charge for each pixel can be measured at the end of each transfer cycle, and by averaging for a large number of measurements (Ncycle), the total noise can be reduced by a factor of 1/Ncycle. In our experiments with a prototype SiSeRO device, we implemented nine (Ncycle=9) RNDR cycles, achieving around two electron readout noise (equivalent noise charge or ENC) with a spectral resolution close to the fano limit for silicon at 5.9 keV. These first results are extremely encouraging, demonstrating successful implementation of the RNDR technique in SiSeROs. They also lay the foundation for future experiments with more optimized test stands (better temperature control, larger number of RNDR cycles, and RNDR-optimized SiSeRO devices), which should be capable of achieving sub-electron noise sensitivities. This new device class presents an exciting technology for next generation astronomical X-ray telescopes requiring very low-noise spectroscopic imagers. The sub-electron sensitivity also adds the capability to conduct in-situ absolute calibration, enabling unprecedented characterization of the low energy instrument response.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139412961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance of a gain calibration system for the POLARBEAR-2a receiver system at the Simons Array cosmic microwave background experiment","authors":"Daisuke Kaneko, Sayuri Takatori, Masaya Hasegawa, Masashi Hazumi, Yuki Inoue, Oliver Jeong, Nobuhiko Katayama, Adrian T. Lee, Frederick Matsuda, Haruki Nishino, Praween Siritanasak, Aritoki Suzuki, Satoru Takakura, Takayuki Tomaru","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.018003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.018003","url":null,"abstract":"We present an advanced system for calibrating the detector gain responsivity with a chopped thermal source for POLARBEAR-2a, which is the first receiver system of a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry experiment: the Simons Array. Intensity-to-polarization leakage due to calibration errors between detectors can be a significant source of systematic error for a polarization-sensitive experiment. To suppress this systematic uncertainty, POLARBEAR-2a calibrates the detector gain responsivities by observing a chopped thermal source before and after each period of science observations. The system includes a high-temperature ceramic heater that emits blackbody radiation covering a wide frequency range and an optical chopper to modulate the radiation signal. We discuss the experimental requirements of gain calibration and system design to calibrate POLARBEAR-2a. We evaluate the performance of our system during the early commissioning of the receiver system. This calibration system is promising for the future generation of CMB ground-based polarization observations.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139588044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the focal-plane CMOS detector for the GEO-X mission","authors":"Hiroshi Nakajima, Shotaro Nakamura, Koichi Hagino, Ayumi Kiuchi, Takuya Matsumoto, Tohya Yamagami, Tomokage Yoneyama, Junko S. Hiraga, Yuichiro Ezoe, Masaki Numazawa, Kumi Ishikawa, Hisashi Kitamura","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016001","url":null,"abstract":"We report a development status of a focal plane detector for the GEO-X (GEOspace X-ray imager) mission that will perform soft X-ray (≤2 keV) imaging spectroscopy of Earth’s magnetosphere from a micro satellite. The mission instrument consists of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) X-ray mirror and a focal plane detector. A sensor with fine positional resolution and moderate energy resolution in the energy band of 0.3 to 2 keV is required. Because the observing target is the magnetosphere around the day-side Earth, the visible-light background must be decreased by shortening the integration time for readout. To satisfy the above requirements, a high-speed X-ray CMOS sensor is being evaluated as a primary candidate for the detector. Irradiating the flight candidate sensor with monochromatic X-rays, we obtained the energy resolution of 205 eV (FWHM) at 6 keV by cooling the devices to −15°C. Radiation tolerance of the sensor, especially in terms of total dose effect, is investigated with 100 MeV proton. The amount of degradation of energy resolution is <50 eV up to 10 krad, which ensures that we will be able to track and calibrate the change of the line width in orbit.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial results from multi-beam observations of pulsars and solar transient with the digital beamformer for the Gauribidanur pulsar system","authors":"Kshitij S. Bane, Indrajit V. Barve, Gantyada Venkata Satya Gireesh, Chidambaram Kathiravan, Rajaram Ramesh","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.014001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.014001","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a prototype for pulsar observations at low radio frequencies (RFs) (<100 MHz) using log-periodic dipole antennas (LPDAs) in the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory (≈77°E14°N) near Bangalore, India, was commissioned. The aforementioned system is currently being augmented (i) to directly digitize the RF signals from the individual antennas and (ii) with a digital beamformer to simultaneously observe different regions of the sky present within the primary “beam” of the LPDA used in the array. Our initial results indicate that co-temporal observations of a known pulsar along with the Sun using two different beams could be used to calibrate the dynamic spectrum of the solar radio transients. This is important because the calibration of the latter in observations with the conventional solar radio spectrographs is difficult.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and performance test of a scientific CCD camera prototype for the Earth 2.0 mission","authors":"Hui Wang, Hong-fei Zhang, Jian Wang, Qi Feng, Ying-fan Guo, Jun Zhang, Zhi-yue Wang, Zhe Geng, Jie Gao, Hao Liu, Jian Ge, Hui Zhang, Lin Wen, Yu-dong Li","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.10.1.016002","url":null,"abstract":"To detect exoplanets and study their formation and evolution, several exoplanet space missions, such as Kepler, TESS, GAIA, and CHEOPS, have been successfully developed and fully operated in space. However, China has not yet had its own exoplanet space mission. The Earth 2.0 (ET) space mission is being developed in China aiming at detecting and characterizing exoplanets, especially extra-terrestrial like planets. ET will carry six transit telescopes pointing to the same sky region and a gravitational microlensing telescope, with the goal of finding habitable Earth like planets (Earth 2.0s) around solar type stars and measure its occurrence rate. In order to detect Earth 2.0s, ultrahigh-precision photometry of ∼30 ppm is required, which places tight constrain on camera performance, such as high-speed readout, low readout noise, mosaic detectors, and radiation tolerance. As of now, a prototype camera utilizing a CCD250-82 detector from Teledyne e2v has been developed and its performance has been tested. At a readout rate of 2 M pixels/s, the readout noise of 10.96 e− RMS and the pixel response nonuniformity of 0.66% at 600 nm have been achieved. After receiving radiation doses of 5 krad (Si) and 13.43 krad (Si), the dark current of the CCD increased by 30% and 126%, respectively. The camera’s key performance meets the basic requirements for the ET space mission, except for its high cooling power consumption.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Line Emission Mapper: an X-ray probe mission concept to study the cosmic ecosystems and the physics of galaxy formation","authors":"Daniel J. Patnaude, Ralph P. Kraft, Caroline Kilbourne, Simon Bandler, Akos Bogdan, Renata Cumbee, Megan Eckart, Cecilia Garraffo, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Richard Kelley, Maxim Markevitch, Anna Ogorzalek, Paul Plucinsky, Frederick Scott Porter, John ZuHone, Irina Zhuravleva, Jeremy Drake, Maurice Leutenegger, Steve Kenyon, Stephen Smith, Will Zhang, Steve DePalo, Xiaoyi Li, Nathan Williams, Edward Amatucci, Janice Houston, Deme Apostolou, Hugh Kanner, Kathleen Coderre, Isaac Hayden, Kyle Martin, Elizabeth Osborne, Jeffery Olson, Steven Ramm, Scott Richardson","doi":"10.1117/1.jatis.9.4.041008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.9.4.041008","url":null,"abstract":"In the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey, the National Academies identified cosmic feedback and structure formation as a key question that should drive research in the upcoming decade. In response to this recommendation, NASA released a call for X-ray and IR probe-class missions, with a $1B cost cap. The line emission mapper (LEM) is a mission concept designed in response to this call. LEM is a single-instrument X-ray telescope that consists of a Wolter–Schwarzschild type I X-ray optic with a 4 m focal length, coupled with an X-ray microcalorimeter with a 30′ field of view (FoV), 15″ angular resolution, and 2.5 eV energy resolution [full-width half maximum (FWHM)], with a 1.3 eV FWHM energy resolution central subarray. The high throughput X-ray mirror combined with the large FoV and excellent energy resolution allows for efficient mapping of extended emission-line dominated astrophysical objects from megaparsecs to sub-pc scales to study cosmic ecosystems and unveil the physical drivers of galaxy formation.","PeriodicalId":54342,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}