Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/12253
Martin Đaković, L. Krystyn, M. Sudar
A rich Early Triassic (Smithian) ammonoid fauna discovered near the village of Gornji Brčeli (southern Montenegro) is unique for the Early Triassic of the western Tethys. The Smithian there is represented by a series of several tens of meters thick brown-red to grey-green marls and clays with intercalated, mica-rich, thin dark grey sandstones, and subordinate occurence of redeposited oolitic limestone. The fossils have been collected as scree material over a few square meters but are considered as contemporaneous since no unnatural association (condensation) was detected. The ammonoid assemblage is represented by 15 species, belonging to the genera Aspenites, Cordillerites, Dieneroceras, Abrekites, Owenites, Pseudaspenites, Pseudosageceras, Truempyceras, Wyomingites, Hanielites, Galfettites, Parahedenstroemia, Lingyunites and Pseudoflemingites, and can, by the presence of Owenites zitteli Smith, be correlated with the late Middle Smithian Nyamalites angustecostatus beds of the southern Tethys, the upper Owenites koeneni beds of South China or the Owenites beds of North America. Taxonomic composition of the ammonoid assemblage shows great similiarity with those of Spiti (India), NW Guangxi (China) and Nevada (USA), but also some with those of Salt Range (Pakistan) and Timor. A markedly dominance of involute, oxycone and platycone morphologies distinguishes the Gornji Brčeli fauna from other contemporaneous faunas and points to specific palaeoecological environmental conditions. Previously, three new species were described from this locality and in the present paper one more is added (Parahedenstroemia? tatjanae). Two species hitherto considered as synonyms (Abrekites arthaberi and Owenites zitteli) are revised and treated as valid based on new material from Gornji Brčeli.
{"title":"THE MIDDLE SMITHIAN (EARLY TRIASSIC) AMMONOIDS OF GORNJI BRČELI (SOUTHERN MONTENEGRO)","authors":"Martin Đaković, L. Krystyn, M. Sudar","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/12253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/12253","url":null,"abstract":"A rich Early Triassic (Smithian) ammonoid fauna discovered near the village of Gornji Brčeli (southern Montenegro) is unique for the Early Triassic of the western Tethys. The Smithian there is represented by a series of several tens of meters thick brown-red to grey-green marls and clays with intercalated, mica-rich, thin dark grey sandstones, and subordinate occurence of redeposited oolitic limestone. The fossils have been collected as scree material over a few square meters but are considered as contemporaneous since no unnatural association (condensation) was detected. The ammonoid assemblage is represented by 15 species, belonging to the genera Aspenites, Cordillerites, Dieneroceras, Abrekites, Owenites, Pseudaspenites, Pseudosageceras, Truempyceras, Wyomingites, Hanielites, Galfettites, Parahedenstroemia, Lingyunites and Pseudoflemingites, and can, by the presence of Owenites zitteli Smith, be correlated with the late Middle Smithian Nyamalites angustecostatus beds of the southern Tethys, the upper Owenites koeneni beds of South China or the Owenites beds of North America. Taxonomic composition of the ammonoid assemblage shows great similiarity with those of Spiti (India), NW Guangxi (China) and Nevada (USA), but also some with those of Salt Range (Pakistan) and Timor. A markedly dominance of involute, oxycone and platycone morphologies distinguishes the Gornji Brčeli fauna from other contemporaneous faunas and points to specific palaeoecological environmental conditions. Previously, three new species were described from this locality and in the present paper one more is added (Parahedenstroemia? tatjanae). Two species hitherto considered as synonyms (Abrekites arthaberi and Owenites zitteli) are revised and treated as valid based on new material from Gornji Brčeli.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48052205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/16954
Jun A. Ebersole, S. V. Solonin, D. Cicimurri, M. Arkhangelsky, N.V. Martynovich
A diverse fish paleofauna occurs in the upper Campanian portion of the Rybushka Formation exposed near Saratov city in the Saratov Oblast, Russia. Twenty taxa have been identified, including two holocephalans (Ischyodus bifurcatus and Amylodon karamysh), twelve elasmobranchs (Synechodus sp., Cederstroemia sp., Cretalamna cf. C. borealis, C. cf. C. sarcoportheta, Archaeolamna kopingensis, Eostriatolamia segedini, E. venusta, Pseudocorax laevis, Squalicorax kaupi, Squalicorax morphotype 1, Squalidae indet., and Squatirhina sp.), and six teleosts (Pachyrhizodus sp., Saurocephalus lanciformis, Paralbula casei, Enchodus cf. E. dirus, E. cf. E. gladiolus, and E. petrosus). Many of these taxa are new to the Campanian fish record of Russia, and the assemblage demonstrates that there is significant taxonomic overlap between the Rybushka Formation paleofauna and that of North America.
{"title":"MARINE FISHES (CHONDRICHTHYES, HOLOCEPHALI, ACTINOPTERYGII) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (CAMPANIAN) RYBUSHKA FORMATION NEAR BELOE OZERO, SARATOV OBLAST, RUSSIA","authors":"Jun A. Ebersole, S. V. Solonin, D. Cicimurri, M. Arkhangelsky, N.V. Martynovich","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/16954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/16954","url":null,"abstract":"A diverse fish paleofauna occurs in the upper Campanian portion of the Rybushka Formation exposed near Saratov city in the Saratov Oblast, Russia. Twenty taxa have been identified, including two holocephalans (Ischyodus bifurcatus and Amylodon karamysh), twelve elasmobranchs (Synechodus sp., Cederstroemia sp., Cretalamna cf. C. borealis, C. cf. C. sarcoportheta, Archaeolamna kopingensis, Eostriatolamia segedini, E. venusta, Pseudocorax laevis, Squalicorax kaupi, Squalicorax morphotype 1, Squalidae indet., and Squatirhina sp.), and six teleosts (Pachyrhizodus sp., Saurocephalus lanciformis, Paralbula casei, Enchodus cf. E. dirus, E. cf. E. gladiolus, and E. petrosus). Many of these taxa are new to the Campanian fish record of Russia, and the assemblage demonstrates that there is significant taxonomic overlap between the Rybushka Formation paleofauna and that of North America.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41461434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15439
M. Forel, N. Del Piero, S. Rigaud, R. Martini
The present work investigates the significance of Late Triassic ostracods from the Yukon Territory, Canada, and adds to the scientific knowledge of the taxonomy of these organisms during the Norian, which remain poorly documented and understood. Fifteen limestone samples representing distinct marine palaeoenvironments cropping out at Lime Peak, Stikinia terrane, provided 90 species, including 9 newly described: Alatobairdia? sohni n. sp., Bairdia aksala n. sp., B. taan n. sp., B. yukonensis n. sp., Cornutobairdia yukonella n. sp., Lobobairdia whitella n. sp., Mirabairdia canadia n. sp., Hungarella limella n. sp., Leviella riedeli n. sp. Most assemblages point to neritic conditions in the photic zone. A similarity analysis demonstrates the distinct composition of reef-related and algae-related ostracod assemblages. The ostracod-algae associations in Lime Peak reveal that the affinity of Bairdiidae for algae (Dasycladaleans in the case of Lime Peak) was already established in the Norian. A faunal link is identified during the Norian between eastern and western Panthalassa and Japan, in line with studies on other taxa. The flux of species between eastern Panthalassa and Tethyan areas appears very unbalanced in the Late Triassic with most migrations originating from the Tethys. Further data from other Middle and Upper Triassic Panthalassan localities and stages (i.e. Ladinian and Carnian) are needed to confirm whether this apparent trend is due to sampling bias or reflects real dispersal fluxes.
{"title":"OSTRACODS FROM THE LATE TRIASSIC (NORIAN) OF YUKON, CANADA: NEW TAXONOMIC AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHIC INSIGHTS","authors":"M. Forel, N. Del Piero, S. Rigaud, R. Martini","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/15439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/15439","url":null,"abstract":"The present work investigates the significance of Late Triassic ostracods from the Yukon Territory, Canada, and adds to the scientific knowledge of the taxonomy of these organisms during the Norian, which remain poorly documented and understood. Fifteen limestone samples representing distinct marine palaeoenvironments cropping out at Lime Peak, Stikinia terrane, provided 90 species, including 9 newly described: Alatobairdia? sohni n. sp., Bairdia aksala n. sp., B. taan n. sp., B. yukonensis n. sp., Cornutobairdia yukonella n. sp., Lobobairdia whitella n. sp., Mirabairdia canadia n. sp., Hungarella limella n. sp., Leviella riedeli n. sp. Most assemblages point to neritic conditions in the photic zone. A similarity analysis demonstrates the distinct composition of reef-related and algae-related ostracod assemblages. The ostracod-algae associations in Lime Peak reveal that the affinity of Bairdiidae for algae (Dasycladaleans in the case of Lime Peak) was already established in the Norian. A faunal link is identified during the Norian between eastern and western Panthalassa and Japan, in line with studies on other taxa. The flux of species between eastern Panthalassa and Tethyan areas appears very unbalanced in the Late Triassic with most migrations originating from the Tethys. Further data from other Middle and Upper Triassic Panthalassan localities and stages (i.e. Ladinian and Carnian) are needed to confirm whether this apparent trend is due to sampling bias or reflects real dispersal fluxes.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46173075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15964
G. Carnevale, W. Schwarzhans
Almost fifty years after the first definition of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), the events that occurred in the Mediterranean during the terminal portion of the Miocene still attract the attention of a large and diverse scientific community. Although fossils are relatively common in the deposits that accumulated during the MSC, their significance for the interpretation of the latest Miocene paleoenvironmental evolution of the Mediterranean has been underevalued. In this paper, we summarize the marine paleoichthyological record of the three stages of the MSC based on both articulated and isolated skeletal remains and otoliths, the latter almost exclusively known from the Lago-Mare phase. We focus on the composition of the marine ichthyofauna of the Mediterranean during the three main stages of the MSC, showing the persistent continuity of marine stenohaline taxa throughout most of the interval between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma. While the record of articulated fish skeletons is unquestionably autochthonous, thereby providing unambiguous evidence of the occurrence of open marine environments in the MSC preceding the Lago-Mare phase, the autochthonous nature of the otolith record has often been questioned. For this reason, the otolith record of marine fishes has been examined in detail from a taxonomic and paleoecological point of view. Three species, Bellottia verecunda n. sp., Benthosema taurinense n. sp., and Bostrychus marsilii n. sp., are described as new and a thorough discussion about the possible origin of the otoliths is provided. Alternative explanations for the occurrence of otoliths of marine fish during the Lago-Mare phase, such as reworking, contamination from overlying Pliocene sediments or import from outside the Mediterranean through aquatic birds are considered unlikely. In our assessment, the occurrence of marine fish otoliths in the Lago-Mare phase can be explained with the presence of normal marine environments in the Mediterranean, at least temporarily. Therefore, we suggest that the paleoichthyological data provided herein should be integrated in the future evolutionary paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the MSC.
在首次定义墨西尼亚盐度危机(MSC)近五十年后，中新世末期发生在地中海的事件仍然吸引着一个庞大而多样的科学界的关注。尽管化石在MSC期间积累的沉积物中相对常见，但它们对解释最新中新世地中海古环境演化的意义被低估了。在本文中，我们总结了MSC三个阶段的海洋古鱼类学记录，包括关节和分离的骨骼遗骸和耳石，后者几乎完全来自Lago-Mare阶段。研究结果表明，在5.97 ~ 5.33 Ma的大部分时间内，地中海海洋鱼系的组成具有连续性。虽然关节鱼骨骼的记录毫无疑问是原生的，因此提供了在拉各河-马雷期之前的MSC开放海洋环境发生的明确证据，但耳石记录的原生性质经常受到质疑。为此，从分类学和古生态学的角度对海洋鱼类的耳石记录进行了详细的研究。其中，Bellottia verecunda n. sp、Benthosema taurinense n. sp和Bostrychus marsilii n. sp为新发现种，并对耳石的可能来源进行了深入讨论。对于在Lago-Mare阶段出现海鱼耳石的其他解释，如改造、上覆上新世沉积物的污染或通过水鸟从地中海以外进口，被认为不太可能。在我们的评估中，拉各斯-马雷期海洋鱼类耳石的出现可以用地中海正常海洋环境的存在来解释，至少是暂时的。因此，我们建议将本文提供的古鱼类学数据整合到未来的MSC进化古环境重建中。
{"title":"MARINE LIFE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN DURING THE MESSINIAN SALINITY CRISIS: A PALEOICHTHYOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE","authors":"G. Carnevale, W. Schwarzhans","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/15964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/15964","url":null,"abstract":"Almost fifty years after the first definition of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC), the events that occurred in the Mediterranean during the terminal portion of the Miocene still attract the attention of a large and diverse scientific community. Although fossils are relatively common in the deposits that accumulated during the MSC, their significance for the interpretation of the latest Miocene paleoenvironmental evolution of the Mediterranean has been underevalued. In this paper, we summarize the marine paleoichthyological record of the three stages of the MSC based on both articulated and isolated skeletal remains and otoliths, the latter almost exclusively known from the Lago-Mare phase. We focus on the composition of the marine ichthyofauna of the Mediterranean during the three main stages of the MSC, showing the persistent continuity of marine stenohaline taxa throughout most of the interval between 5.97 and 5.33 Ma. While the record of articulated fish skeletons is unquestionably autochthonous, thereby providing unambiguous evidence of the occurrence of open marine environments in the MSC preceding the Lago-Mare phase, the autochthonous nature of the otolith record has often been questioned. For this reason, the otolith record of marine fishes has been examined in detail from a taxonomic and paleoecological point of view. Three species, Bellottia verecunda n. sp., Benthosema taurinense n. sp., and Bostrychus marsilii n. sp., are described as new and a thorough discussion about the possible origin of the otoliths is provided. Alternative explanations for the occurrence of otoliths of marine fish during the Lago-Mare phase, such as reworking, contamination from overlying Pliocene sediments or import from outside the Mediterranean through aquatic birds are considered unlikely. In our assessment, the occurrence of marine fish otoliths in the Lago-Mare phase can be explained with the presence of normal marine environments in the Mediterranean, at least temporarily. Therefore, we suggest that the paleoichthyological data provided herein should be integrated in the future evolutionary paleoenvironmental reconstructions of the MSC.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41480161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/14283
E. Grădinaru, M. Marinšek, L. Korat, L. Gale
Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) foraminifera belonging to the species Glomospira charoides (Jones & Parker), Gaudryinopsis kelleri (Tappan), G. triadica (Kristan-Tollmann), Ammobaculites zlambachensis Kristan-Tollmann, Verneuilinoides racema (Trifonova), and Trochammina cf. jaunensis Brönnimann & Page were investigated using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Foraminifera were recovered from the drill core CM31 of the 817 Lebăda Vest borehole, located off the coast of Romania on the western Black Sea shelf, from depths of 2623 m to 2625 m. Tomographic data was used to generate digital models, which were then virtually sectioned in desirable ways. The acquired transects can be used for comparison with specimens viewed in thin sections, providing a better connection between specimens recovered from residues and those observed in thin sections using transmitted light microscopy.
{"title":"USE OF X-RAY MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ON SELECTED UPPER TRIASSIC (RHAETIAN) FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WESTERN BLACK SEA SHELF, OFFSHORE ROMANIA","authors":"E. Grădinaru, M. Marinšek, L. Korat, L. Gale","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/14283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/14283","url":null,"abstract":"Upper Triassic (Rhaetian) foraminifera belonging to the species Glomospira charoides (Jones & Parker), Gaudryinopsis kelleri (Tappan), G. triadica (Kristan-Tollmann), Ammobaculites zlambachensis Kristan-Tollmann, Verneuilinoides racema (Trifonova), and Trochammina cf. jaunensis Brönnimann & Page were investigated using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Foraminifera were recovered from the drill core CM31 of the 817 Lebăda Vest borehole, located off the coast of Romania on the western Black Sea shelf, from depths of 2623 m to 2625 m. Tomographic data was used to generate digital models, which were then virtually sectioned in desirable ways. The acquired transects can be used for comparison with specimens viewed in thin sections, providing a better connection between specimens recovered from residues and those observed in thin sections using transmitted light microscopy.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15744
O. Cirilli
The present work provides a revision of the complete fossil collection of Equus stehlini from the Italian Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian) of the Upper Valdarno Basin (Tuscany, Italy). The species was originally described in the second half of the last century, even if recent studies questioned its distinct species status, considering it a subspecies of Equus senezensis (i.e., E. senezensis stehlini). Over the succeeding decades the debate about the taxonomic status of E. stehlini extended to its possible evolutionary origin from two different Equus species from the European Early Pleistocene, Equus stenonis or E. senezensis. The revision undertaken here of E. stehlini, by means of morphological, morphometric and statistical comparisons, provides new insights into the taxonomic status and the evolutionary history of this enigmatic species. It is concluded that E. stehlini is a distinct species derived from the medium-sized E. senezensis. This work further highlights new insights and perspectives in the evolutionary framework and in the paleoecological understanding of the medium to small-sized Equus species from the early to middle Early Pleistocene of Europe.
{"title":"EQUUS STEHLINI AZZAROLI, 1964 (PERISSODACTYLA, EQUIDAE). A REVISION OF THE MOST ENIGMATIC HORSE FROM THE EARLY PLEISTOCENE OF EUROPE, WITH NEW INSIGHTS ON THE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF EUROPEAN MEDIUM- AND SMALL-SIZED HORSES","authors":"O. Cirilli","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/15744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/15744","url":null,"abstract":"The present work provides a revision of the complete fossil collection of Equus stehlini from the Italian Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian) of the Upper Valdarno Basin (Tuscany, Italy). The species was originally described in the second half of the last century, even if recent studies questioned its distinct species status, considering it a subspecies of Equus senezensis (i.e., E. senezensis stehlini). Over the succeeding decades the debate about the taxonomic status of E. stehlini extended to its possible evolutionary origin from two different Equus species from the European Early Pleistocene, Equus stenonis or E. senezensis. The revision undertaken here of E. stehlini, by means of morphological, morphometric and statistical comparisons, provides new insights into the taxonomic status and the evolutionary history of this enigmatic species. It is concluded that E. stehlini is a distinct species derived from the medium-sized E. senezensis. This work further highlights new insights and perspectives in the evolutionary framework and in the paleoecological understanding of the medium to small-sized Equus species from the early to middle Early Pleistocene of Europe.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45744045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15459
Marco Merella, A. Collareta, Valerio Granata, S. Casati, G. Bianucci
An incomplete cranium, three cervicals (including the axis) and two likely lumbars of a monodontid cetacean are here described from lower Pliocene (ca. 5.1–4.5 Ma) marine sandstones cropping out at Arcille (Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy). This fossil find comes from the same locality as the holotype of Casatia thermophila, which it resembles in terms of overall size and cranial morphology, and especially, by displaying a similarly depressed portion of the dorsal surface of the premaxillae anterior to the premaxillary sac fossae and medial to the anteromedial sulci. Our new find is thus assigned to C. thermophila, and significant anatomical parts that are missing in the holotype are described in order to improve the diagnosis of this monodontid species. Some dentigerous fragments of the maxillae hint at a homodont and polydont dentition, which in turn suggests a ram prey capture method that differs from the highly derived suction method that is proper of extant monodontids. This second find of C. thermophila from the warm-water Arcille palaeoenvironment lends further support to the hypothesis that monodontids once thrived in tropical and subtropical habitats.
{"title":"NEW REMAINS OF CASATIA THERMOPHILA (CETACEA, MONODONTIDAE) FROM THE LOWER PLIOCENE MARINE VERTEBRATE-BEARING LOCALITY OF ARCILLE (TUSCANY, ITALY)","authors":"Marco Merella, A. Collareta, Valerio Granata, S. Casati, G. Bianucci","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/15459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/15459","url":null,"abstract":"An incomplete cranium, three cervicals (including the axis) and two likely lumbars of a monodontid cetacean are here described from lower Pliocene (ca. 5.1–4.5 Ma) marine sandstones cropping out at Arcille (Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy). This fossil find comes from the same locality as the holotype of Casatia thermophila, which it resembles in terms of overall size and cranial morphology, and especially, by displaying a similarly depressed portion of the dorsal surface of the premaxillae anterior to the premaxillary sac fossae and medial to the anteromedial sulci. Our new find is thus assigned to C. thermophila, and significant anatomical parts that are missing in the holotype are described in order to improve the diagnosis of this monodontid species. Some dentigerous fragments of the maxillae hint at a homodont and polydont dentition, which in turn suggests a ram prey capture method that differs from the highly derived suction method that is proper of extant monodontids. This second find of C. thermophila from the warm-water Arcille palaeoenvironment lends further support to the hypothesis that monodontids once thrived in tropical and subtropical habitats.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46032245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15175
V. Garilli, Á. Dávid, S. Dominici
As with other ichnofossils, the study of the ichogenus Entobia Bronn, 1837, attributed to the activity of boring sponges, is useful to understand taphonomic processes and reconstruct paleoenvironments. Here we delineate a diverse Entobia assemblage from Sicily, the first described from this Mediterranean island, based on the discovery of well-preserved natural casts. The studied association is represented by seven ichnotaxa, Entobia cateniformis, E. cateniformis form A, E. geometrica, E. laquea, E. ?megastoma, E. ovula, E. ?paradoxa, which come from the late Caenozoic sites of Altavilla Milicia and Sferracavallo, in north-western Sicily. Aragonitic bivalves, mostly veneroids, served as substrate for the boring organisms responsible of producing these ichnotaxa. Entobia was also found associated with natural casts of the boring Caulostrepsis taeniola, produced by polychaetes. Ichnology and shell-bed taphonomy indicates that investigated deposits formed in conditions of low rate of sedimentation; post depositional processes involved chemical conditions favorable to the preservation of calcite shells.
与其他遗迹化石一样，1837年对Entobia Bronn遗迹化石的研究，归因于钻孔海绵的活动，有助于了解埋藏过程和重建古环境。在这里，我们描绘了西西里岛的一个多样化的Entobia群落，这是第一个在这个地中海岛屿上描述的群落，基于对保存完好的自然铸件的发现。所研究的关联由七个ichnotaxa、Entobia cateniformis、E.cateniforms form A、E.geometrica、E.laquea、E？巨口E.ovula E？来自西西里岛西北部的Altavilla Milicia和Sferracavallo晚新生代遗址的悖论。Aragoniotic双壳类，主要是类性病，是负责产生这些ichnotaxa的无聊生物的基质。Entobia也被发现与由多毛类产生的无聊的Caulostrepsis taeniola的自然模型有关。湖相学和壳床埋藏学表明，所调查的矿床是在低沉积速率的条件下形成的；沉积后过程涉及有利于保存方解石壳的化学条件。
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Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15178
G. Pavia, A. Dulai, A. Festa, R. Gennari, M. Pavia, G. Carnevale
Abstract. The topmost Argille Azzurre (beds 1-2) and the basal Sabbie di Asti (beds 3-9) formations in the Villalvernia area are analysed in terms of palaeoecological and taxonomic features; the succession is 6 m thick and dates back to the middle Piacenzian within the Globorotalia bononiensis acme. The upper boundary of the clayey Bed 2 corresponds to an unconformity reflecting Pliocene tectonic activity. The study is focused on the fossil assemblages of beds 3, 4 and 9. The sandy Bed 3 yields 362 mollusc taxa; their assemblage is allochthonous and mixes infra- to circalittoral species accumulated by hyperpycnal mass-transport. The same mechanism is responsible for the origin of the overlying fossil unit (Bed 4) with numerous specimens of the Entobia-Gastrochaenolites ichnofacies. The autochthonous fossil assemblage of Bed 9 yields 308 molluscs, plus three brachiopods and ten fish taxa; most of them refer to the Posidonia meadow (HP), and their autochthony is shown by taphonomic features as skeletal integrity, mixing of successive generations or the limitation to juvenile ontogenetic stages of vagile and temporarily byssate species for which the HP performs a nursery function. Three brachiopods and 52 molluscs are here reported for the first time from the Pliocene of Piedmont. In the final chapter “Systematic Palaeontology” four brachiopods and 29 molluscs are described, among which there are eight new gastropod species: Crepidula bellardii n. sp., Conus dellabellai n. sp., Conus villalvernensis n. sp., Odetta chirlii n. sp., Ondina curta n. sp., Ondina elongata n. sp., Ondina pseudovitrea n. sp., Anisocycla subcylindrica n. sp.
摘要对Villalvernia地区最顶端的Argille Azzurre组(1-2层)和底部的Sabbie di Asti组(3-9层)进行了古生态和分类特征分析;该演替层厚达6米，可追溯至中皮亚琴世，位于Globorotalia bononiensis顶点内。粘土2层的上边界对应一个反映上新世构造活动的不整合面。研究重点是3层、4层和9层的化石组合。砂质层3有362个软体动物类群;它们的组合是异域的，混合了由超旋向质量搬运积累的下旋向物种。同样的机制也解释了上覆化石单元(第4层)的起源，该化石单元具有大量的恩托比亚-胃脉绿岩相标本。9层的本地化石组合有308种软体动物，3种腕足动物和10种鱼类;它们大多指Posidonia草甸(HP)，它们的本土性表现为骨骼的完整性、连续世代的混合或局限于幼年个体发育阶段的游动和暂时的准稳态物种，HP对这些物种起着托儿所的作用。本文首次报道了皮埃蒙特地区上新世腕足动物3种，软体动物52种。最后一章“系统古生物学”介绍了4种腕足动物和29种软体动物，其中新发现腹足类8种:贝拉氏Crepidula bellardii n. sp.、扁锥蚌(Conus dellabellai n. sp.)、小圆锥蚌(Conus villalvernensis n. sp.)、小圆锥蚌(Odetta chirlii n. sp.)、圆锥蚌(Ondina curta n. sp.)、长形锥蚌(Ondina elongata n. sp.)、假玻璃锥蚌(Ondina pseudovitrea n. sp.)、圆柱下异环蚌(Anisocycla sub圆柱)。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.54103/2039-4942/15381
Giuseppa Forte, E. Kustatscher, E. Ragazzi, G. Roghi
The Anisian amber from the “Voltzia beds” of the Recoaro area, produced by Voltzia recubariensis, represents the most ancient Triassic amber known so far. The discovery of amber in the Anisian localities of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca and Piz da Peres, in the Dolomites area, fills a gap in the amber fossil record and gives an important contribution to the knowledge of Triassic amber. The finding of amber droplets, both dispersed in the sediment and anatomically connected to shoot fragments of V. recubariensis, demonstrates that during the Anisian this species was a major resin-producer and that the favorable conditions for the preservation of resin and plant remains were present at regional scale. The contribution of Voltziales to Middle Triassic resin production in Northern Italy is also testified by the Ladinian amber from the “Wengener Schichten” of Wengen/La Valle, produced by Voltzia ladinica, whereas the Late Triassic amber was mainly produced by cheirolepidiaceous conifers. The finding of organic body trapped in the amber of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà dalla Vacca is noteworthy, although difficult to interpret, and shows once again its capability to entrap and preserve witnesses of past life. Moreover, the correspondence between the Triassic amber occurrences and regional/global scale humid shifts, suggests a cause-and-effect relationship, in which the rise of amber production/preservation potential is related to climate/environmental changes, particularly in marginal marine/costal environments.
{"title":"AMBER DROPLETS IN THE SOUTHERN ALPS (NE ITALY): A LINK BETWEEN THEIR OCCURRENCES AND MAIN HUMID EPISODES IN THE TRIASSIC","authors":"Giuseppa Forte, E. Kustatscher, E. Ragazzi, G. Roghi","doi":"10.54103/2039-4942/15381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54103/2039-4942/15381","url":null,"abstract":"The Anisian amber from the “Voltzia beds” of the Recoaro area, produced by Voltzia recubariensis, represents the most ancient Triassic amber known so far. The discovery of amber in the Anisian localities of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca and Piz da Peres, in the Dolomites area, fills a gap in the amber fossil record and gives an important contribution to the knowledge of Triassic amber. The finding of amber droplets, both dispersed in the sediment and anatomically connected to shoot fragments of V. recubariensis, demonstrates that during the Anisian this species was a major resin-producer and that the favorable conditions for the preservation of resin and plant remains were present at regional scale. The contribution of Voltziales to Middle Triassic resin production in Northern Italy is also testified by the Ladinian amber from the “Wengener Schichten” of Wengen/La Valle, produced by Voltzia ladinica, whereas the Late Triassic amber was mainly produced by cheirolepidiaceous conifers. The finding of organic body trapped in the amber of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà dalla Vacca is noteworthy, although difficult to interpret, and shows once again its capability to entrap and preserve witnesses of past life. Moreover, the correspondence between the Triassic amber occurrences and regional/global scale humid shifts, suggests a cause-and-effect relationship, in which the rise of amber production/preservation potential is related to climate/environmental changes, particularly in marginal marine/costal environments.","PeriodicalId":54451,"journal":{"name":"Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47713481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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