Tunnels are among the main components of transport infrastructure systems and as such must be protected against damage. As damage is particularly prevalent in cold climates, this research investigates tunnels in Gangwon Province (the coldest region of South Korea). Herein, the temperatures inside three tunnels, specifically, one short tunnel and two medium-length tunnels, were measured during the winter season using i-button sensors installed on the surface of the tunnel lining at a height of 2 m from the ground. The long-term temperature data as measured in this way were analyzed, indicating that January showed the lowest temperature compared to those in November, December, February, and March. Moreover, the minimum and maximum daily temperatures of air mostly frequently appeared during 3 to 6 AM and 2 to 4 PM, respectively. Also, the highest temperature gradient occurred at a position of 30 m from the entrance or exits. The temperatures inside the tunnels were significantly affected by the external wind, which was induced by the vehicle traffic volume compared to the natural wind direction, the wind velocity, or the presence of rainfall. Hence, tunnel damage caused by frost heaves and freeze-thaw action can be reduced by frequent inspection and evaluations.
{"title":"Analysis of Long-term Temperatures inside Tunnels during Winter in Gangwon, South Korea","authors":"K. Chhun, S. Keo, Kyung-Jae Jun, C. Yune","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00026","url":null,"abstract":"Tunnels are among the main components of transport infrastructure systems and as such must be protected against damage. As damage is particularly prevalent in cold climates, this research investigates tunnels in Gangwon Province (the coldest region of South Korea). Herein, the temperatures inside three tunnels, specifically, one short tunnel and two medium-length tunnels, were measured during the winter season using i-button sensors installed on the surface of the tunnel lining at a height of 2 m from the ground. The long-term temperature data as measured in this way were analyzed, indicating that January showed the lowest temperature compared to those in November, December, February, and March. Moreover, the minimum and maximum daily temperatures of air mostly frequently appeared during 3 to 6 AM and 2 to 4 PM, respectively. Also, the highest temperature gradient occurred at a position of 30 m from the entrance or exits. The temperatures inside the tunnels were significantly affected by the external wind, which was induced by the vehicle traffic volume compared to the natural wind direction, the wind velocity, or the presence of rainfall. Hence, tunnel damage caused by frost heaves and freeze-thaw action can be reduced by frequent inspection and evaluations.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1680/jgeen.2022.175.2.139
M. Ciantia, M. Arroyo, Andrew Smith, Ashraf Osman
{"title":"Editorial: Tailing dams – slow responses to risks long known","authors":"M. Ciantia, M. Arroyo, Andrew Smith, Ashraf Osman","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.2022.175.2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.2022.175.2.139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84954785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Existing earthquake damage reconnaissance reports indicate that many tunnels have suffered noticeable damage. During seismic excitation, ignoring the rock-concrete interaction may affect the accuracy of research results. In this study, the influence of rock-concrete interaction on the response behavior of a tunnel under seismic excitation was systemically investigated. A finite difference method (FDM) model of the tunnel and the full dynamic time history calculation technique were conducted. The rock-tunnel interface was built by the FDM and the interface element was defined by a linear Coulomb shear-strength criterion. The reliability of the numerical simulation of the interface was verified by comparing the numerical and direct shear test results. Based on a real engineering case, the Xianglushan water conveyance tunnel, two models with different rock-tunnel interaction treatments were established, and their seismic response were discussed. In addition, the mechanical properties of the interface were comparatively discussed. The tunnel seismic response behaviors were discussed in terms of displacements, stresses and lining dynamic internal forces. The results indicate that the presence of the rock-concrete interaction may have a significant effect on the seismic response of the tunnel, and the influence has a certain pattern. Furthermore, the influences of the mechanical parameters of the interface upon the seismic response of tunnels are complex, and the stiffness of the interface plays a significant role.
{"title":"Seismic responses of an underground tunnel in consideration of rock-tunnel interaction","authors":"Xiancheng Mei, Q. Sheng, Zhen Cui, Maochu Zhang, Liujie Chen","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00076","url":null,"abstract":"Existing earthquake damage reconnaissance reports indicate that many tunnels have suffered noticeable damage. During seismic excitation, ignoring the rock-concrete interaction may affect the accuracy of research results. In this study, the influence of rock-concrete interaction on the response behavior of a tunnel under seismic excitation was systemically investigated. A finite difference method (FDM) model of the tunnel and the full dynamic time history calculation technique were conducted. The rock-tunnel interface was built by the FDM and the interface element was defined by a linear Coulomb shear-strength criterion. The reliability of the numerical simulation of the interface was verified by comparing the numerical and direct shear test results. Based on a real engineering case, the Xianglushan water conveyance tunnel, two models with different rock-tunnel interaction treatments were established, and their seismic response were discussed. In addition, the mechanical properties of the interface were comparatively discussed. The tunnel seismic response behaviors were discussed in terms of displacements, stresses and lining dynamic internal forces. The results indicate that the presence of the rock-concrete interaction may have a significant effect on the seismic response of the tunnel, and the influence has a certain pattern. Furthermore, the influences of the mechanical parameters of the interface upon the seismic response of tunnels are complex, and the stiffness of the interface plays a significant role.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82007607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this paper was to compare standard penetration test (SPT), dynamic probing (DP) and cone penetrometer test (CPT) data for uniformly graded sandy soils located in southeast Brazilian coastal region named Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo (GV-ES). The study also evaluates previously published datasets of laboratory and field penetration tests data concerning the variations of some soil parameters associated with the investigated correlations. The correlations analysis addressed the influences of textural characteristics, especially grain size distribution, and relative density on obtained CPT-SPT and DP-SPT linear correlations using a newly compiled experimental database for GV-ES sands and previous published datasets. Correlations were determined using statistical inference, specifically by simple linear regression and residues’ analysis in several groups of experimental data.
{"title":"Comparative study of geotechnical field penetration tests data for sandy subsoils","authors":"Mirella Dalvi dos Santos, K. Bicalho","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00176","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper was to compare standard penetration test (SPT), dynamic probing (DP) and cone penetrometer test (CPT) data for uniformly graded sandy soils located in southeast Brazilian coastal region named Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo (GV-ES). The study also evaluates previously published datasets of laboratory and field penetration tests data concerning the variations of some soil parameters associated with the investigated correlations. The correlations analysis addressed the influences of textural characteristics, especially grain size distribution, and relative density on obtained CPT-SPT and DP-SPT linear correlations using a newly compiled experimental database for GV-ES sands and previous published datasets. Correlations were determined using statistical inference, specifically by simple linear regression and residues’ analysis in several groups of experimental data.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83261882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong-xing Li, Shijin Feng, Shaoheng He, Xiao-Lei Zhang, Da-Ming Sun
A solar power tower plant includes a solar tower and tens of thousands of heliostats, where the latter accounts for 40–50% of the total cost. To reduce heliostat costs, a new type of heliostat support structure that consists of a pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe pile and cast-in-place concrete is proposed. However, the performance and applicability of this structure are unknown. Thus, this paper reports full-scale field load testing of the proposed heliostat support structure on coarse gravel as subject to lateral loads or torsion-lateral combined loads. The results indicate that the lateral load amplifies the rotation under torque, and the proposed support structure for mirror arrays can provide sufficient rigidity to limit structural deformations within tolerable values under severe wind loading. Together with 3D modeling, the performance of the proposed heliostat support structure is thoroughly investigated to facilitate the development of modified prediction methods for its lateral and torsional load responses. A detailed design procedure is proposed for the new structure that considers foundation deformations, bearing capacity, and survival requirements. Finally, this study proves the applicability of the proposed heliostat support structure to improve the economic performance of solar power tower plants.
{"title":"Field test research and design of a new-type heliostat support structure in coarse gravel","authors":"Hong-xing Li, Shijin Feng, Shaoheng He, Xiao-Lei Zhang, Da-Ming Sun","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00147","url":null,"abstract":"A solar power tower plant includes a solar tower and tens of thousands of heliostats, where the latter accounts for 40–50% of the total cost. To reduce heliostat costs, a new type of heliostat support structure that consists of a pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe pile and cast-in-place concrete is proposed. However, the performance and applicability of this structure are unknown. Thus, this paper reports full-scale field load testing of the proposed heliostat support structure on coarse gravel as subject to lateral loads or torsion-lateral combined loads. The results indicate that the lateral load amplifies the rotation under torque, and the proposed support structure for mirror arrays can provide sufficient rigidity to limit structural deformations within tolerable values under severe wind loading. Together with 3D modeling, the performance of the proposed heliostat support structure is thoroughly investigated to facilitate the development of modified prediction methods for its lateral and torsional load responses. A detailed design procedure is proposed for the new structure that considers foundation deformations, bearing capacity, and survival requirements. Finally, this study proves the applicability of the proposed heliostat support structure to improve the economic performance of solar power tower plants.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76987822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method for estimation of nonlinear, time-dependent settlement of piled raft foundations (PRFs) embedded in saturated clayey soils subjected to uniformly distributed load under the single drainage condition is developed. Twenty different rectangular PRFs resting on four different types of normally consolidated to moderately overconsolidated clays (Overconsolidation ratio, OCR = 1, 2, and 5) are analyzed to quantify their short- and long-term settlements. Rigorous three-dimensional, elasto-plastic finite element (FE) analyses are performed with the critical state-based Modified Cam Clay (MCC) soil constitutive model. The coupled consolidation theory of Biot is used to model the time-dependent dissipation of excess pore pressure under the single drainage condition. The FE analysis results are used to systematically investigate the influence of time and various soil and PRF parameters on the settlement response of piled rafts. Based on the study, fitted equations are developed correlating PRF settlements and degree of consolidation with various influencing parameters. The proposed equations can predict with reasonable accuracy the immediate and primary consolidation settlement as well as the degree of consolidation, and can be used at the initial design stages.
{"title":"A Simplified Settlement Prediction Method for Piled Rafts in Clay","authors":"Priyanka Bhartiya, D. Basu, T. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00207","url":null,"abstract":"A method for estimation of nonlinear, time-dependent settlement of piled raft foundations (PRFs) embedded in saturated clayey soils subjected to uniformly distributed load under the single drainage condition is developed. Twenty different rectangular PRFs resting on four different types of normally consolidated to moderately overconsolidated clays (Overconsolidation ratio, OCR = 1, 2, and 5) are analyzed to quantify their short- and long-term settlements. Rigorous three-dimensional, elasto-plastic finite element (FE) analyses are performed with the critical state-based Modified Cam Clay (MCC) soil constitutive model. The coupled consolidation theory of Biot is used to model the time-dependent dissipation of excess pore pressure under the single drainage condition. The FE analysis results are used to systematically investigate the influence of time and various soil and PRF parameters on the settlement response of piled rafts. Based on the study, fitted equations are developed correlating PRF settlements and degree of consolidation with various influencing parameters. The proposed equations can predict with reasonable accuracy the immediate and primary consolidation settlement as well as the degree of consolidation, and can be used at the initial design stages.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86663441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recent high-profile failures of mine tailings dams across the globe have once again raised geotechnical interest in these structures. Much of the recent discussion in the technical press has concerned the prediction of ultimate stress state and thus of the failure potential of the tailings materials. The concentration solely on geomechanical properties is important in the understanding of the fundamental characteristics of extractive waste but limits the appraisal of risk potential in these complex and multifaceted structures. It is evident from the author's study of failures of these extractive waste facilities over a period of some 50 years that knowledge of geomechanical properties alone would not have prevented disasters in many instances. The paper reviews the fundamental risks posed by these structures with respect not only to their design but to their construction, operation and eventual closure. The analysis confirms that other crucial elements of their design and construction, if neglected, potentially pose higher risks than a lack of knowledge of geomechanics alone. The paper presents a broad list of risk reduction criteria which should be applied to mine tailings dams, and cites examples of where and how such neglect has resulted in the recent high-profile failures. The paper concludes with a review of general risk reduction criteria and compares these with existing standards and guidelines.
{"title":"The application of inspection and monitoring in the reduction of risk for mine tailings dams","authors":"M. Cambridge","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.20.00248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.20.00248","url":null,"abstract":"The recent high-profile failures of mine tailings dams across the globe have once again raised geotechnical interest in these structures. Much of the recent discussion in the technical press has concerned the prediction of ultimate stress state and thus of the failure potential of the tailings materials. The concentration solely on geomechanical properties is important in the understanding of the fundamental characteristics of extractive waste but limits the appraisal of risk potential in these complex and multifaceted structures. It is evident from the author's study of failures of these extractive waste facilities over a period of some 50 years that knowledge of geomechanical properties alone would not have prevented disasters in many instances. The paper reviews the fundamental risks posed by these structures with respect not only to their design but to their construction, operation and eventual closure. The analysis confirms that other crucial elements of their design and construction, if neglected, potentially pose higher risks than a lack of knowledge of geomechanics alone. The paper presents a broad list of risk reduction criteria which should be applied to mine tailings dams, and cites examples of where and how such neglect has resulted in the recent high-profile failures. The paper concludes with a review of general risk reduction criteria and compares these with existing standards and guidelines.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79528568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Macedo, Paola Torres, Luis Vergaray, S. Paihua, C. Arnold
We present a case study that evaluates the seismic performance of a centerline tailings dam in the South American Andes through dynamic effective stress analyses with advanced constitutive models. The seismic demand at the dam site was evaluated through a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), which derived in deterministic and probabilistic-based seismic design criteria. The PSHA results were used to select spectrally matched ground motions for the subsequent dynamic analyses. The centerline tailings dam is planned to be raised in stages to 90 m high, which was considered in establishing the initial stresses and pore pressures before seismic loading. The material properties were based on a large geotechnical characterization program considering the mine tailings to be stored in the deposit and other critical dam components. The dynamic analyses were performed using the UBCHYST constitutive model for materials that are not expected to generate significant excess pore pressures and the PM4Silt constitutive model for the materials that may generate excess pore pressures due to cyclic loading. The results show the deformation patterns in the centerline dam, after the seismic loading, are significantly affected by the mine tailings presence. The results are useful to plan the overall operational management of the tailings facility.
{"title":"Dynamic effective stress analysis of a centerline tailings dam affected by subduction earthquakes – Case Study","authors":"J. Macedo, Paola Torres, Luis Vergaray, S. Paihua, C. Arnold","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00017a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00017a","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case study that evaluates the seismic performance of a centerline tailings dam in the South American Andes through dynamic effective stress analyses with advanced constitutive models. The seismic demand at the dam site was evaluated through a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), which derived in deterministic and probabilistic-based seismic design criteria. The PSHA results were used to select spectrally matched ground motions for the subsequent dynamic analyses. The centerline tailings dam is planned to be raised in stages to 90 m high, which was considered in establishing the initial stresses and pore pressures before seismic loading. The material properties were based on a large geotechnical characterization program considering the mine tailings to be stored in the deposit and other critical dam components. The dynamic analyses were performed using the UBCHYST constitutive model for materials that are not expected to generate significant excess pore pressures and the PM4Silt constitutive model for the materials that may generate excess pore pressures due to cyclic loading. The results show the deformation patterns in the centerline dam, after the seismic loading, are significantly affected by the mine tailings presence. The results are useful to plan the overall operational management of the tailings facility.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91094844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-fei Cui, Pingping Rao, Jingpei Li, Qing-shan Chen, S. Nimbalkar
The analysis of time-dependent variation in the axial capacity of the driven pile is difficult yet critical for geotechnical engineers. To investigate the short-term evolution of bearing capacity of driven piles, a two-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed using ABAQUS program. The pile installation, soil consolidation and loading are incorporated in an integrated FE model. Changes in excess pore pressure and void ratio of surrounding soil are investigated to evaluate the consolidation mechanism. The findings reveal that the excess pore water pressure dissipated is the primary cause of short-term pile bearing capacity evolution. Excess pore water pressure is dissipated, lowering the void ratio and increasing the strength and stiffness of surrounding soil. The effect of the permeability coefficient is also discussed. The permeability coefficient affects the rate of evolution but does not affect its magnitude. A centrifuge model test is used to verify the numerical results. The findings of this study may serve as a guide for improved design and construction of driven piles.
{"title":"Time-dependent evolution in bearing capacity of driven piles in clays combining installation, consolidation and subsequent loading","authors":"Ji-fei Cui, Pingping Rao, Jingpei Li, Qing-shan Chen, S. Nimbalkar","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.21.00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.21.00200","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of time-dependent variation in the axial capacity of the driven pile is difficult yet critical for geotechnical engineers. To investigate the short-term evolution of bearing capacity of driven piles, a two-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed using ABAQUS program. The pile installation, soil consolidation and loading are incorporated in an integrated FE model. Changes in excess pore pressure and void ratio of surrounding soil are investigated to evaluate the consolidation mechanism. The findings reveal that the excess pore water pressure dissipated is the primary cause of short-term pile bearing capacity evolution. Excess pore water pressure is dissipated, lowering the void ratio and increasing the strength and stiffness of surrounding soil. The effect of the permeability coefficient is also discussed. The permeability coefficient affects the rate of evolution but does not affect its magnitude. A centrifuge model test is used to verify the numerical results. The findings of this study may serve as a guide for improved design and construction of driven piles.","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77840914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1680/jgeen.2022.175.1.137
{"title":"Geotechnical Engineering: Referees 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1680/jgeen.2022.175.1.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.2022.175.1.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54572,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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