Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2221395
B. Meyburg, Daniel Holte
Recent analyses of telemetry data on Ospreys Pandion haliaetus predominantly address migratory movements, whereas studies focusing on spatial use are rare, especially concerning the African non-breeding areas. We analysed GPS telemetry data of 15 adult Ospreys breeding in northeast Germany, assigned to 37 non-breeding events at non-breeding sites in Africa and south-western Europe. We calculated seasonal home ranges and investigated daily movements as well as overnight roosts. The females arrived in Africa about one month before the males. The home ranges of males correlated with those reported for their respective breeding seasons and were similar in size to those of the females. Half of the non-breeding sites were established on rivers, 36% on the coast and 14% on lakes, with no difference between sexes. Ospreys tracked for more than one year always returned to the same non-breeding sites. Daily home-range sizes varied during the non-breeding period, with the largest home ranges found in January, in parallel with the dry season. The average number of nights per overnight roost was lowest for river habitats and was related to the overall home-range size of the individuals. We highlight the importance of non-breeding sites for the survival of populations and suggest further studies to detect and mitigate threats to migratory bird species.
{"title":"Spatial use of non-breeding sites by adult GPS-tracked Ospreys Pandion haliaetus from Germany","authors":"B. Meyburg, Daniel Holte","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2221395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2221395","url":null,"abstract":"Recent analyses of telemetry data on Ospreys Pandion haliaetus predominantly address migratory movements, whereas studies focusing on spatial use are rare, especially concerning the African non-breeding areas. We analysed GPS telemetry data of 15 adult Ospreys breeding in northeast Germany, assigned to 37 non-breeding events at non-breeding sites in Africa and south-western Europe. We calculated seasonal home ranges and investigated daily movements as well as overnight roosts. The females arrived in Africa about one month before the males. The home ranges of males correlated with those reported for their respective breeding seasons and were similar in size to those of the females. Half of the non-breeding sites were established on rivers, 36% on the coast and 14% on lakes, with no difference between sexes. Ospreys tracked for more than one year always returned to the same non-breeding sites. Daily home-range sizes varied during the non-breeding period, with the largest home ranges found in January, in parallel with the dry season. The average number of nights per overnight roost was lowest for river habitats and was related to the overall home-range size of the individuals. We highlight the importance of non-breeding sites for the survival of populations and suggest further studies to detect and mitigate threats to migratory bird species.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"75 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2248395
Kathan Bandyopadhyay, Bogdan Cristescu, Jeffrey L Beck, John L Koprowski, Laurie Marker
Many grassland habitats have disappeared or undergone substantial change worldwide and many obligatory grassland animal species have populations that are at risk of extinction. The Kori Bustard Ardeotis kori is the largest flying bird native to Africa and an open savanna specialist, but no research on the population ecology of the Kori Bustard in Namibia has been published in the last 30 years. Using distance sampling from driven transects, we estimated 0.34 ± 0.1 birds km−2 in the 2021–2022 calendar year, which projects a population of <200 (∼196) Kori Bustards for the 576 km2 study area. We found no significant variation in density estimates among seasons from 2016 to 2021. A nationwide status survey and investigation of potential limiting factors, including analysis of survival rates and connectivity between populations, will be important undertakings to better inform conservation strategies for this imperilled species in Namibia and in other range countries with data deficiency.
摘要在世界范围内，许多草原生境已经消失或发生了重大变化，许多草原特有动物种群面临灭绝的危险。Kori Bustard Ardeotis Kori是非洲本土最大的飞禽，也是开放稀树草原的专家，但在过去的30年里，没有关于纳米比亚Kori Bustard种群生态学的研究发表。利用驱动样带的距离采样，我们估计在2021-2022日历年有0.34±0.1只鸟km - 2，这意味着在576 km2的研究区域内，Kori鸨的种群数量<200(~ 196)只。我们发现，从2016年到2021年，不同季节的密度估计值没有显著变化。在纳米比亚和其他缺乏数据的国家，开展全国范围内的现状调查和潜在限制因素的调查，包括存活率和种群之间的连通性分析，将是更好地为这一濒危物种的保护战略提供信息的重要工作。Statut et densiteise de i 'outarde kori Ardeotis kori, espce menacacei, dans and savane arboracei, ungrande partie des habitats de prairie du monde entier, desdesdessubements, desdeschanges substantiels, desquede nombreuses esp，动物适应sames aux prairies和种群menacei灭绝。我想我是说，我是说我是非洲人，我是说我是非洲人，我是说我是非洲人。在纳米比亚，关于人口和人口的 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -人口基数<200(~ 196)，人口基数<200(~ 196)，人口基数<200(~ 196)，人口基数<200(~ 196)，人口基数<200(~ 196)，人口基数> 576 km2。Nous n 'avons pas trouvous de variation significance dans(2016-2021年)。1 . enquête全国范围内关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换潜力因素限制的分析，包括关于人口的生存和联系的分析、关于企业的重要信息的分析、关于电子数据交换和保护的分析、关于纳米比亚的电子数据交换和关于电子数据交换和危险的分析、关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换的研究、关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换的研究、关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换的研究、关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换的研究、关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换où关于电子数据交换和电子数据交换的研究。关键词:密度估计距离采样草原纳米比亚蜈蚣种群大小样带数据
{"title":"Status and density of the threatened Kori Bustard Ardeotis kori in a woodland savanna","authors":"Kathan Bandyopadhyay, Bogdan Cristescu, Jeffrey L Beck, John L Koprowski, Laurie Marker","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2248395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2248395","url":null,"abstract":"Many grassland habitats have disappeared or undergone substantial change worldwide and many obligatory grassland animal species have populations that are at risk of extinction. The Kori Bustard Ardeotis kori is the largest flying bird native to Africa and an open savanna specialist, but no research on the population ecology of the Kori Bustard in Namibia has been published in the last 30 years. Using distance sampling from driven transects, we estimated 0.34 ± 0.1 birds km−2 in the 2021–2022 calendar year, which projects a population of <200 (∼196) Kori Bustards for the 576 km2 study area. We found no significant variation in density estimates among seasons from 2016 to 2021. A nationwide status survey and investigation of potential limiting factors, including analysis of survival rates and connectivity between populations, will be important undertakings to better inform conservation strategies for this imperilled species in Namibia and in other range countries with data deficiency.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2247167
Mpumalanga Mnyekemfu, Peter J Barham, Barbara Barham, Lauren Waller, Katrin Ludynia, Gavin W Maneveldt
The Endangered African Penguin Spheniscus demersus is in serious decline, with the total population falling at a rate of ∼5% per annum. The need to carry out regular monitoring to collect demographic and phenological data to assist in the planning and implementation of conservation actions needs to be balanced against the disturbance that may be caused by such monitoring. Many African Penguins are now fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags that can be read remotely by ground readers at fixed locations in the colonies. In this study, we used data from these ground readers, combined with data collected during routine nest monitoring, to demonstrate that it should be possible to use data from the ground readers alone to monitor breeding success in the future. We found patterns of movements that varied during the various breeding stages. Adults took shifts of several days during incubation; during the brood period the adults alternated each day, with one remaining at the nest while the other went to sea. As the chicks grew large enough to be left alone, both parents usually foraged every day until the chicks fledged. In unsuccessful nests adults stopped attending the nest shortly after it had failed. If this work is taken forward it should be possible to greatly reduce the potential impact of regular nest monitoring.
摘要濒临灭绝的非洲企鹅(Spheniscus demersus)数量正以每年约5%的速度急剧减少。进行定期监测以收集人口统计和物候数据，以协助规划和实施保育行动的需要，必须与这种监测可能造成的干扰相平衡。现在，许多非洲企鹅身上都装有被动集成应答器(PIT)标签，这些标签可以被位于企鹅群固定位置的地面读取器远程读取。在这项研究中，我们使用了这些地面读取器的数据，并结合常规巢监测收集的数据，来证明将来可能只使用地面读取器的数据来监测繁殖成功。我们发现，在不同的繁殖阶段，它们的运动模式各不相同。在孵化期间，成虫轮流工作几天;在育雏期间，成鸟每天轮流，一只留在巢中，另一只出海。当雏鸟长大到可以独自生活时，父母双方通常每天都去觅食，直到雏鸟羽翼丰满。在失败的巢穴中，成年蚁在巢穴失败后不久就不再光顾。如果这项工作向前推进，应该有可能大大减少定期鸟巢监测的潜在影响。Étude在繁殖过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程中成功的预估过程在这一过程中，我们可以看到，在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在这一过程中，我们可以看到:在所有的通讯工具中，所有的通讯工具都是通过与其他的通讯工具连接起来的，例如:être与其他的通讯工具连接起来的通讯工具连接起来的通讯工具。Dans cette samade, nous avons utilisise les dondones de ces lecteurs au sol，合并sames aux donsamade，收集sames lors de la monitoring de routine des ids，将samis drail devraêtre possible d 'utiliser unique les dondonsames des lecteers au sol re surveiller le succes de la reproduction。Nous avons constatesque les运动在不同的过程中有不同的繁殖阶段。在成年后的几小时内，他们会发现自己的体重有所下降。Pendant la passride de couvaison，让成年人看到的是，laisrelainys chaque jour, launestant和laistrepartaen。Lorsque les possins not care in all taille suffisante pour être laissssams seulles, les双亲' entent ent ' ssamisement, les jours jusque ' conce que les possins ' enent。在美国，年轻人的基础设施，成年人的生活，以及他们的职业生涯，以及他们的职业生涯，以及他们的职业生涯。在研究过程中，将研究être可能的变质过程，考虑变质过程对监测和观察人员的影响潜力。关键词:繁殖阶段;繁殖成功;监测
{"title":"Preliminary investigation into deducing breeding success of African Penguins <i>Spheniscus demersus</i> from automated transponder reader data to reduce disturbance","authors":"Mpumalanga Mnyekemfu, Peter J Barham, Barbara Barham, Lauren Waller, Katrin Ludynia, Gavin W Maneveldt","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2247167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2247167","url":null,"abstract":"The Endangered African Penguin Spheniscus demersus is in serious decline, with the total population falling at a rate of ∼5% per annum. The need to carry out regular monitoring to collect demographic and phenological data to assist in the planning and implementation of conservation actions needs to be balanced against the disturbance that may be caused by such monitoring. Many African Penguins are now fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags that can be read remotely by ground readers at fixed locations in the colonies. In this study, we used data from these ground readers, combined with data collected during routine nest monitoring, to demonstrate that it should be possible to use data from the ground readers alone to monitor breeding success in the future. We found patterns of movements that varied during the various breeding stages. Adults took shifts of several days during incubation; during the brood period the adults alternated each day, with one remaining at the nest while the other went to sea. As the chicks grew large enough to be left alone, both parents usually foraged every day until the chicks fledged. In unsuccessful nests adults stopped attending the nest shortly after it had failed. If this work is taken forward it should be possible to greatly reduce the potential impact of regular nest monitoring.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2251690
Francesca Romana Trezza, Ivan da Costa Nerantzoulis, Silvio Cianciullo, Hugo Mabilana, Célia Macamo, Fabio Attorre, Carlos Manuel Bento, Paolo Ramoni-Perazzi
AbstractThe biology of the Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri has been widely studied in many of its naturalized habitats around the world. However, its potential status and impacts may have gone unnoticed in regions with limited monitoring. In this report, we bring attention to recent sightings of the species in Mozambique and the possibility of its establishment in stable populations, particularly in the capital city of Maputo. Detection is crucial in terms of potential consequences and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of an invasive species.Sobre a presença do periquito-de-colar Psittacula krameri (Psittacidae) em MoçambiqueA biologia do periquito-de-colar Psittacula krameri tem sido amplamente estudada em muitos dos locais onde se naturalizou ao redor do mundo. No entanto, o estatuto das suas populações e potenciais impactos podem ter passado despercebidos em regiões onde a monitorização é limitada. Chamamos a atenção para as recentes observações desta espécie exótica em Moçambique e a possibilidade de estabelecer populações estáveis, especialmente na capital, Maputo. É crucial considerar as possíveis consequências e tomar medidas preventivas para mitigar o seu impacto.Sur la présence de la perruche à collier Psittacula krameri (Psittacidae) au MozambiqueLa biologie de la perruche à collier Psittacula krameri a été largement étudiée dans de nombreux endroits où elle s’est naturalisée à travers le monde. Cependant, son statut potentiel et ses impacts peuvent avoir passés inaperçus dans des régions où les efforts de surveillance sont limités. Ici, nous attirons l’attention sur les observations récentes de cette espèce exotique au Mozambique, et nous discutons la possibilité d’établir des populations stables, en particulier dans la capitale, Maputo. Il est crucial de considérer les conséquences potentielles et de prendre des mesures préventives pour atténuer leur impact.Keywords: alien speciesEast Africainvasive speciesparrotsPsittaciformes
{"title":"Presence of the alien Rose-ringed Parakeet <i>Psittacula krameri</i> (Psittacidae) in Mozambique","authors":"Francesca Romana Trezza, Ivan da Costa Nerantzoulis, Silvio Cianciullo, Hugo Mabilana, Célia Macamo, Fabio Attorre, Carlos Manuel Bento, Paolo Ramoni-Perazzi","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2251690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2251690","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe biology of the Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri has been widely studied in many of its naturalized habitats around the world. However, its potential status and impacts may have gone unnoticed in regions with limited monitoring. In this report, we bring attention to recent sightings of the species in Mozambique and the possibility of its establishment in stable populations, particularly in the capital city of Maputo. Detection is crucial in terms of potential consequences and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of an invasive species.Sobre a presença do periquito-de-colar Psittacula krameri (Psittacidae) em MoçambiqueA biologia do periquito-de-colar Psittacula krameri tem sido amplamente estudada em muitos dos locais onde se naturalizou ao redor do mundo. No entanto, o estatuto das suas populações e potenciais impactos podem ter passado despercebidos em regiões onde a monitorização é limitada. Chamamos a atenção para as recentes observações desta espécie exótica em Moçambique e a possibilidade de estabelecer populações estáveis, especialmente na capital, Maputo. É crucial considerar as possíveis consequências e tomar medidas preventivas para mitigar o seu impacto.Sur la présence de la perruche à collier Psittacula krameri (Psittacidae) au MozambiqueLa biologie de la perruche à collier Psittacula krameri a été largement étudiée dans de nombreux endroits où elle s’est naturalisée à travers le monde. Cependant, son statut potentiel et ses impacts peuvent avoir passés inaperçus dans des régions où les efforts de surveillance sont limités. Ici, nous attirons l’attention sur les observations récentes de cette espèce exotique au Mozambique, et nous discutons la possibilité d’établir des populations stables, en particulier dans la capitale, Maputo. Il est crucial de considérer les conséquences potentielles et de prendre des mesures préventives pour atténuer leur impact.Keywords: alien speciesEast Africainvasive speciesparrotsPsittaciformes","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135718060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2222230
Rae M Smith, D. Dalton, M. Mwale, L. Nupen, Chantelle Pretorius, J. Bojko, Kim Labuschagne, Isa-Rita M. Russo, S. T. Osinubi
The Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius is an African species widely distributed south of the Sahara, which migrates seasonally between breeding and nonbreeding sites. It is currently unknown whether the species consists of a single panmictic population or if it is genetically structured. To investigate this, we analysed sequence variation in three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene regions in combination with morphological measurements in specimens from four localities. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using maximum-likelihood methods and included samples of Klaas’s Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas, Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius, and African Cuckoo Cuculus gularis. Haplotype networks and analysis of molecular variance were used to characterise the spatial distribution of genetic diversity. A principal component analysis was performed to investigate morphological variation among localities. Molecular analysis identified two divergent mitochondrial lineages, which were found to occur in sympatry in one South African locality (Limpopo Province). The magnitude of divergence between versus within these lineages was low (0.4–1%) yet significant (F ST: 0.84–0.88). Lack of apparent phylogeographic structure provides support for the absence of physical barriers to gene flow in this species. The divergent mitochondrial lineages did not differ in morphological measurements. The emergence and persistence of shallow mitochondrial divergence among sympatric lineages in the Diederik Cuckoo could be linked to maternal divergence in host selection of these brood parasites — a hypothesis requiring additional data to be tested.
{"title":"Assessment of genetic and morphological differentiation among populations of the Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius","authors":"Rae M Smith, D. Dalton, M. Mwale, L. Nupen, Chantelle Pretorius, J. Bojko, Kim Labuschagne, Isa-Rita M. Russo, S. T. Osinubi","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2222230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2222230","url":null,"abstract":"The Diederik Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius is an African species widely distributed south of the Sahara, which migrates seasonally between breeding and nonbreeding sites. It is currently unknown whether the species consists of a single panmictic population or if it is genetically structured. To investigate this, we analysed sequence variation in three mitochondrial and two nuclear gene regions in combination with morphological measurements in specimens from four localities. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using maximum-likelihood methods and included samples of Klaas’s Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas, Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius, and African Cuckoo Cuculus gularis. Haplotype networks and analysis of molecular variance were used to characterise the spatial distribution of genetic diversity. A principal component analysis was performed to investigate morphological variation among localities. Molecular analysis identified two divergent mitochondrial lineages, which were found to occur in sympatry in one South African locality (Limpopo Province). The magnitude of divergence between versus within these lineages was low (0.4–1%) yet significant (F ST: 0.84–0.88). Lack of apparent phylogeographic structure provides support for the absence of physical barriers to gene flow in this species. The divergent mitochondrial lineages did not differ in morphological measurements. The emergence and persistence of shallow mitochondrial divergence among sympatric lineages in the Diederik Cuckoo could be linked to maternal divergence in host selection of these brood parasites — a hypothesis requiring additional data to be tested.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"86 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42884417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2187893
G. Malan, Marco Heimstadt
The Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis is a fishing kingfisher that employs two hunting modes. The bird can either hunt from a perch or hover and then dive into the water. The former method is energetically cheap but limits prey searching to the area below the perch, whereas hovering is costly but gives access to feeding areas that lack perches. This exploratory study examined how the provision of artificial perches influences the frequency of hover and perch hunting. In the hunting tracts with additional perches, 82% of 175 hunts were successful, but there was no correlation between the success of hunts and the presence of perches. However, hunting rates in tracts with extra perches were four-times higher than in control tracts. These results suggested that even though more perches did not improve the hunting success of Pied Kingfishers, the birds could increase their hunting rates, which probably enabled them to catch their daily fish requirements in a shorter time.
{"title":"The role of experimental perches on the hover and perch hunting preferences of the Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis","authors":"G. Malan, Marco Heimstadt","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2187893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2187893","url":null,"abstract":"The Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis is a fishing kingfisher that employs two hunting modes. The bird can either hunt from a perch or hover and then dive into the water. The former method is energetically cheap but limits prey searching to the area below the perch, whereas hovering is costly but gives access to feeding areas that lack perches. This exploratory study examined how the provision of artificial perches influences the frequency of hover and perch hunting. In the hunting tracts with additional perches, 82% of 175 hunts were successful, but there was no correlation between the success of hunts and the presence of perches. However, hunting rates in tracts with extra perches were four-times higher than in control tracts. These results suggested that even though more perches did not improve the hunting success of Pied Kingfishers, the birds could increase their hunting rates, which probably enabled them to catch their daily fish requirements in a shorter time.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"65 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43695730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2206167
A. Rihane, A. Nahli, R. El Hamoumi, M. Chlaida
The reproduction of the Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in submerged and dried up thickets of French tamarisk Tamarix gallica at El Maleh Dam reservoir, Benslimane Province, Morocco, was studied through monitoring nests in three successive years (2017–2019). Systematic field investigation showed that the nests were concentrated exclusively in a narrow and shallow area upstream of the dam. The abundance of tamarisk is a determining factor in the breeding success of the Western Marsh Harrier at this site, by supporting the nests and giving them some protection from predation while the birds are close to agricultural fields, a favourable hunting ground. A study of individual broods revealed a relatively small clutch size (3.5 eggs per nest) and that incubation took 32 days on average. Compared with previous reports for this species elsewhere, the chicks fledged relatively early (33 or 35 days), but with a low fledgling success rate not exceeding 33.9%. The low fledgling success is partly attributable to the structure of the habitat, as the dense dry vegetation above the water level limits the movement of chicks out of nests yet favours the drowning of those that fall from the nest. Breeding success is influenced by a reduction in hunting territory caused by drops in the water level during periods of drought, poor climate conditions, and disturbance caused by human activities in the reservoir lake and riparian farmland. In addition to these environmental factors, nest failure due to nest destruction is related to the experience of the pairs in choosing the nesting site and their ability to weave the nest-building materials. Further study is needed on the characteristics of this highly specific habitat and its state of conservation, the reproduction of coexisting bird populations, and human activities around the breeding site.
{"title":"Reproduction of the Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus at the El Maleh Dam reservoir in north-western Morocco","authors":"A. Rihane, A. Nahli, R. El Hamoumi, M. Chlaida","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2206167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2206167","url":null,"abstract":"The reproduction of the Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus in submerged and dried up thickets of French tamarisk Tamarix gallica at El Maleh Dam reservoir, Benslimane Province, Morocco, was studied through monitoring nests in three successive years (2017–2019). Systematic field investigation showed that the nests were concentrated exclusively in a narrow and shallow area upstream of the dam. The abundance of tamarisk is a determining factor in the breeding success of the Western Marsh Harrier at this site, by supporting the nests and giving them some protection from predation while the birds are close to agricultural fields, a favourable hunting ground. A study of individual broods revealed a relatively small clutch size (3.5 eggs per nest) and that incubation took 32 days on average. Compared with previous reports for this species elsewhere, the chicks fledged relatively early (33 or 35 days), but with a low fledgling success rate not exceeding 33.9%. The low fledgling success is partly attributable to the structure of the habitat, as the dense dry vegetation above the water level limits the movement of chicks out of nests yet favours the drowning of those that fall from the nest. Breeding success is influenced by a reduction in hunting territory caused by drops in the water level during periods of drought, poor climate conditions, and disturbance caused by human activities in the reservoir lake and riparian farmland. In addition to these environmental factors, nest failure due to nest destruction is related to the experience of the pairs in choosing the nesting site and their ability to weave the nest-building materials. Further study is needed on the characteristics of this highly specific habitat and its state of conservation, the reproduction of coexisting bird populations, and human activities around the breeding site.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"48 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48640149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2185827
Mehdi Badis, Imane Benchana, Nabil Hamdi
We investigated ecological factors that influence the presence of nests of Levaillant’s Woodpecker Picus vaillantii in the Aurès Mountains of northeastern Algeria. Surveys carried out during the breeding season in 2018 and 2019, using point counts combined with extensive nest searching around each point at 72 random stations, allowed us to detect 44 nests against 28 unoccupied points. Using data on trees, deadwood, snags, canopy cover at the nest site, and elevation, we developed models reflecting landscape structure and forest composition. The results indicate that P. vaillantii prefers nesting in high-altitude forests and in dense canopies with high elevation. This reflects the importance of the forest composition, which is related to altitude, and the landscape structure, represented by the canopy cover, for the breeding of this species.
{"title":"Nest-site selection by Levaillant’s Woodpecker Picus vaillantii in the Aurès Mountains of northeastern Algeria","authors":"Mehdi Badis, Imane Benchana, Nabil Hamdi","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2185827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2185827","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated ecological factors that influence the presence of nests of Levaillant’s Woodpecker Picus vaillantii in the Aurès Mountains of northeastern Algeria. Surveys carried out during the breeding season in 2018 and 2019, using point counts combined with extensive nest searching around each point at 72 random stations, allowed us to detect 44 nests against 28 unoccupied points. Using data on trees, deadwood, snags, canopy cover at the nest site, and elevation, we developed models reflecting landscape structure and forest composition. The results indicate that P. vaillantii prefers nesting in high-altitude forests and in dense canopies with high elevation. This reflects the importance of the forest composition, which is related to altitude, and the landscape structure, represented by the canopy cover, for the breeding of this species.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"60 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43903819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2022.2164805
K. Wimberger, Kate F. Carstens, J. Carstens, Francis R Brooke, F. Rautenbach
The success of conservation action for a threatened species can be improved by knowledge of its feeding and breeding requirements. The Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus is a threatened endemic restricted to patches of mistbelt forest in South Africa. Cape Parrots are considered dietary specialists, preferring the kernels of yellowwood Podocarpus/Afrocarpus species, and consuming other species when these are not available. We investigated the diet composition of Cape Parrots in the Amathole region of the Eastern Cape province through targeted and opportunistic observations from 2016 to 2021. We monitored the availability of indigenous and exotic forest fruit over this timeframe and determined whether between-season and within-season differences were significant. We also monitored Cape Parrot presence and diet, weekly, at a pecan tree orchard and collected pecan nuts for compositional analysis. Additionally, we investigated whether Cape Parrots tracked this exotic feeding resource relative to local indigenous fruit abundance and changes in pecan nut composition. Cape Parrots were observed feeding on 36 tree species during this study, of which 61% were exotic. We recorded 24 new tree species (mostly exotics) not previously recorded as eaten by this parrot species. However, most feeding records were of parrots eating indigenous rather than exotic species, excluding the targeted observations of them eating at pecan orchards. Cape Parrots fed on pecans in each season despite the relatively high availability of indigenous forest fruits. Although not significant, Cape Parrots appeared to track changes in pecan nut composition during each season, gathering in the largest numbers when fat levels in the pecans were highest. Cape Parrots appear to be adapting to human-modified habitat based on the observations of annual visits to exotic pecan orchards and the high number of exotic species in their diet. The impact of exotic feeding resources on their health remains to be determined.
{"title":"Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus diet in a nutshell: use of indigenous and exotic plants in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa","authors":"K. Wimberger, Kate F. Carstens, J. Carstens, Francis R Brooke, F. Rautenbach","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2022.2164805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2164805","url":null,"abstract":"The success of conservation action for a threatened species can be improved by knowledge of its feeding and breeding requirements. The Cape Parrot Poicephalus robustus is a threatened endemic restricted to patches of mistbelt forest in South Africa. Cape Parrots are considered dietary specialists, preferring the kernels of yellowwood Podocarpus/Afrocarpus species, and consuming other species when these are not available. We investigated the diet composition of Cape Parrots in the Amathole region of the Eastern Cape province through targeted and opportunistic observations from 2016 to 2021. We monitored the availability of indigenous and exotic forest fruit over this timeframe and determined whether between-season and within-season differences were significant. We also monitored Cape Parrot presence and diet, weekly, at a pecan tree orchard and collected pecan nuts for compositional analysis. Additionally, we investigated whether Cape Parrots tracked this exotic feeding resource relative to local indigenous fruit abundance and changes in pecan nut composition. Cape Parrots were observed feeding on 36 tree species during this study, of which 61% were exotic. We recorded 24 new tree species (mostly exotics) not previously recorded as eaten by this parrot species. However, most feeding records were of parrots eating indigenous rather than exotic species, excluding the targeted observations of them eating at pecan orchards. Cape Parrots fed on pecans in each season despite the relatively high availability of indigenous forest fruits. Although not significant, Cape Parrots appeared to track changes in pecan nut composition during each season, gathering in the largest numbers when fat levels in the pecans were highest. Cape Parrots appear to be adapting to human-modified habitat based on the observations of annual visits to exotic pecan orchards and the high number of exotic species in their diet. The impact of exotic feeding resources on their health remains to be determined.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"28 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49118431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.2989/00306525.2023.2216375
H. Oschadleus, Philipp H. Boersch-Supan
Two photographic records of a Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis apparently sunning, at the West Coast National Park, South Africa, are described. There are very few records of sunning in weavers, and this is the first record for this species.
{"title":"Sunning in Yellow Bishops Euplectes capensis","authors":"H. Oschadleus, Philipp H. Boersch-Supan","doi":"10.2989/00306525.2023.2216375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2023.2216375","url":null,"abstract":"Two photographic records of a Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis apparently sunning, at the West Coast National Park, South Africa, are described. There are very few records of sunning in weavers, and this is the first record for this species.","PeriodicalId":54655,"journal":{"name":"Ostrich","volume":"94 1","pages":"70 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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