Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287
Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li
Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.
{"title":"Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report","authors":"Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139116368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287
Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li
Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.
{"title":"Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report","authors":"Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139116731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287
Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li
Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.
{"title":"Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report","authors":"Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139116809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459
Lingnan Meng, Ying Zheng, Hao Liu, Daiming Fan
Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, remains the most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to various treatments remains a challenge. Scientists have always focused on the acquired drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells themselves. However, recent evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance. In the TME, interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells often modify the TME and facilitate drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism is essential for the development of effective treatments. This review focuses on the role of the TME in promoting chemoresistance in tumor cells through the following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the immune clearance of tumor cells and facilitating immune escape responses; (ii) stimulating the release of soluble paracrine factors to enhance tumor survival and growth; (iii) promoting survival and altering drug delivery through metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing drug absorption by inducing changes in stomatal cells and blood vessels surrounding the tumor; and (v) inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. This review also addresses a clinical treatment strategy for targeting the TME, providing insights and a basis for reversing multidrug resistance.
{"title":"The tumor microenvironment: a key player in multidrug resistance in cancer","authors":"Lingnan Meng, Ying Zheng, Hao Liu, Daiming Fan","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, remains the most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to various treatments remains a challenge. Scientists have always focused on the acquired drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells themselves. However, recent evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance. In the TME, interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells often modify the TME and facilitate drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism is essential for the development of effective treatments. This review focuses on the role of the TME in promoting chemoresistance in tumor cells through the following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the immune clearance of tumor cells and facilitating immune escape responses; (ii) stimulating the release of soluble paracrine factors to enhance tumor survival and growth; (iii) promoting survival and altering drug delivery through metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing drug absorption by inducing changes in stomatal cells and blood vessels surrounding the tumor; and (v) inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. This review also addresses a clinical treatment strategy for targeting the TME, providing insights and a basis for reversing multidrug resistance.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139116988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459
Lingnan Meng, Ying Zheng, Hao Liu, Daiming Fan
Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, remains the most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to various treatments remains a challenge. Scientists have always focused on the acquired drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells themselves. However, recent evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance. In the TME, interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells often modify the TME and facilitate drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism is essential for the development of effective treatments. This review focuses on the role of the TME in promoting chemoresistance in tumor cells through the following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the immune clearance of tumor cells and facilitating immune escape responses; (ii) stimulating the release of soluble paracrine factors to enhance tumor survival and growth; (iii) promoting survival and altering drug delivery through metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing drug absorption by inducing changes in stomatal cells and blood vessels surrounding the tumor; and (v) inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. This review also addresses a clinical treatment strategy for targeting the TME, providing insights and a basis for reversing multidrug resistance.
{"title":"The tumor microenvironment: a key player in multidrug resistance in cancer","authors":"Lingnan Meng, Ying Zheng, Hao Liu, Daiming Fan","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, remains the most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to various treatments remains a challenge. Scientists have always focused on the acquired drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells themselves. However, recent evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance. In the TME, interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells often modify the TME and facilitate drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism is essential for the development of effective treatments. This review focuses on the role of the TME in promoting chemoresistance in tumor cells through the following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the immune clearance of tumor cells and facilitating immune escape responses; (ii) stimulating the release of soluble paracrine factors to enhance tumor survival and growth; (iii) promoting survival and altering drug delivery through metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing drug absorption by inducing changes in stomatal cells and blood vessels surrounding the tumor; and (v) inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. This review also addresses a clinical treatment strategy for targeting the TME, providing insights and a basis for reversing multidrug resistance.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139117351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0384
Huan Liu, Shaohua He, L. Tan, Mingzhen Li, Cheng Chen, Ruiming Tan
Abstract Objectives Disulfidptosis is a novel form of cell death, whose modulation in tumor cells may present a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, the role of disulfidptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains poorly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs) and reveal their relationship to the immune microenvironment of NSCLC. Methods DRLs were identified through co-expression analysis of NSCLC transcriptomic data obtained from the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) data portal. The DRLs prognostic signature (DRLPS) was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. Samples were separated into high-DS and low-DS groups based on the median disulfidptosis score (DS) of DRLPS. Integrated analyses were then implemented to unveil the association between DRLs and NSCLC microenvironment. These involved the evaluation of functional enrichments, immune cell infiltrations, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivity. Results A prognostic signature was developed based on six prognostic DRLs, which are AL606489.1, LINC00857, AP003555.1, AP000695.1, AC113346.1, and LINC01615. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated the significant association between DRLPS and NSCLC prognosis. The functional enrichment assessment revealed the pivotal involvement of DRLs in immune regulation and metabolism in NSCLC. The low-DS and high-DS subgroups of NSCLC patients exhibited distinct differences in terms of immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden. The potential to predict immunotherapy benefit and drug sensitivity in NSCLC treatments was observed in DRLPS. Conclusions In this study, disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and their roles in NSCLC were revealed. A novel prognostic signature with the potential to predict drug response in NSCLC treatment was developed.
{"title":"Disulfidptosis-related long non-coding RNAs predict prognosis and indicate therapeutic response in non-small cell lung carcinoma","authors":"Huan Liu, Shaohua He, L. Tan, Mingzhen Li, Cheng Chen, Ruiming Tan","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0384","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Disulfidptosis is a novel form of cell death, whose modulation in tumor cells may present a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, the role of disulfidptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains poorly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs) and reveal their relationship to the immune microenvironment of NSCLC. Methods DRLs were identified through co-expression analysis of NSCLC transcriptomic data obtained from the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) data portal. The DRLs prognostic signature (DRLPS) was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. Samples were separated into high-DS and low-DS groups based on the median disulfidptosis score (DS) of DRLPS. Integrated analyses were then implemented to unveil the association between DRLs and NSCLC microenvironment. These involved the evaluation of functional enrichments, immune cell infiltrations, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivity. Results A prognostic signature was developed based on six prognostic DRLs, which are AL606489.1, LINC00857, AP003555.1, AP000695.1, AC113346.1, and LINC01615. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated the significant association between DRLPS and NSCLC prognosis. The functional enrichment assessment revealed the pivotal involvement of DRLs in immune regulation and metabolism in NSCLC. The low-DS and high-DS subgroups of NSCLC patients exhibited distinct differences in terms of immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden. The potential to predict immunotherapy benefit and drug sensitivity in NSCLC treatments was observed in DRLPS. Conclusions In this study, disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and their roles in NSCLC were revealed. A novel prognostic signature with the potential to predict drug response in NSCLC treatment was developed.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139117489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459
Lingnan Meng, Ying Zheng, Hao Liu, Daiming Fan
Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, remains the most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to various treatments remains a challenge. Scientists have always focused on the acquired drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells themselves. However, recent evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance. In the TME, interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells often modify the TME and facilitate drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism is essential for the development of effective treatments. This review focuses on the role of the TME in promoting chemoresistance in tumor cells through the following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the immune clearance of tumor cells and facilitating immune escape responses; (ii) stimulating the release of soluble paracrine factors to enhance tumor survival and growth; (iii) promoting survival and altering drug delivery through metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing drug absorption by inducing changes in stomatal cells and blood vessels surrounding the tumor; and (v) inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. This review also addresses a clinical treatment strategy for targeting the TME, providing insights and a basis for reversing multidrug resistance.
{"title":"The tumor microenvironment: a key player in multidrug resistance in cancer","authors":"Lingnan Meng, Ying Zheng, Hao Liu, Daiming Fan","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0459","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although multiple new cancer treatments have emerged in recent years, drug therapy, mainly comprising chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, remains the most common approach. The multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells to various treatments remains a challenge. Scientists have always focused on the acquired drug resistance mechanisms of tumor cells themselves. However, recent evidence shows that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell progression, metastasis, immune escape, and drug resistance. In the TME, interactions between cancer cells and non-malignant cells often modify the TME and facilitate drug resistance. Therefore, elucidating this complex interaction mechanism is essential for the development of effective treatments. This review focuses on the role of the TME in promoting chemoresistance in tumor cells through the following mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the immune clearance of tumor cells and facilitating immune escape responses; (ii) stimulating the release of soluble paracrine factors to enhance tumor survival and growth; (iii) promoting survival and altering drug delivery through metabolic reprogramming; (iv) obstructing drug absorption by inducing changes in stomatal cells and blood vessels surrounding the tumor; and (v) inducing the cancer stem cell phenotype. This review also addresses a clinical treatment strategy for targeting the TME, providing insights and a basis for reversing multidrug resistance.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139117620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a concerning liver cancer with rising incidence and mortality rates worldwide. The effectiveness of traditional therapies in managing advanced HCC is limited, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising strategy for HCC management. By preventing tumor cells from evading immune surveillance through immunological checkpoints, ICIs can restore the immune system’s ability to target and eliminate tumors. While ICIs show promise in enhancing the immune response against malignancies, challenges such as drug resistance and adverse reactions hinder their efficacy. To address these challenges, developing individualized ICI treatment strategies is critical. Combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy holds the potential for comprehensive therapeutic effects. Additionally, biomarker-based individualized ICI treatment strategies offer promise in predicting treatment response and guiding personalized patient care. Future research should explore emerging ICI treatment methods to optimize HCC immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of ICIs as a new treatment for HCC, demonstrating some success in promoting the tumor immune response. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain important considerations that must be addressed. As tailored treatment plans evolve, the prospect of immunotherapy for HCC is expected to grow, offering new opportunities for improved patient outcomes.
{"title":"Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors, drug resistance, and adverse effects","authors":"Xuan-Yu Gu, Jin-Long Huo, Zhi-Yong Yu, Ji-Chang Jiang, Ya-Xuan Xu, Lijin Zhao","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0412","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a concerning liver cancer with rising incidence and mortality rates worldwide. The effectiveness of traditional therapies in managing advanced HCC is limited, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a promising strategy for HCC management. By preventing tumor cells from evading immune surveillance through immunological checkpoints, ICIs can restore the immune system’s ability to target and eliminate tumors. While ICIs show promise in enhancing the immune response against malignancies, challenges such as drug resistance and adverse reactions hinder their efficacy. To address these challenges, developing individualized ICI treatment strategies is critical. Combining targeted therapy and immunotherapy holds the potential for comprehensive therapeutic effects. Additionally, biomarker-based individualized ICI treatment strategies offer promise in predicting treatment response and guiding personalized patient care. Future research should explore emerging ICI treatment methods to optimize HCC immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of ICIs as a new treatment for HCC, demonstrating some success in promoting the tumor immune response. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain important considerations that must be addressed. As tailored treatment plans evolve, the prospect of immunotherapy for HCC is expected to grow, offering new opportunities for improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139117818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287
Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li
Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.
{"title":"Primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis in a male patient: case report","authors":"Guimei Wang, Ronghui Li","doi":"10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/oncologie-2023-0287","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Non-gestational primary choriocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor with atypical clinical symptoms, especially in males. It usually occurs in the midline of the body, such as the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Pathological diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma presents many challenges. More importantly, it is insensitive to therapy and has a poor prognosis. To date, there is still no standard treatment strategy for primary choriocarcinoma. Case presentation This case report presented a 27-year-old male with acute abdominal pain as the main symptom. And then, retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with lung and liver metastasis was diagnosed. Palliative surgery was performed to alleviate the abdominal pain but complete tumor removal was not achieved. Subsequently, we gave the treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade. The tumor was significantly reduced in size after six cycles of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, and also β-hCG level returned to normal. The tumor was not in complete remission, so penpulimab immuno-maintenance therapy was given. So far, the tumor control is stable, and the patient’s quality of life is also very well. Conclusions Pathological diagnosis of primary choriocarcinoma is very necessary, and the related molecular markers can assist. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of primary retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma.","PeriodicalId":54687,"journal":{"name":"Oncologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139117930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1515/oncologie-2023-0384
Huan Liu, Shaohua He, L. Tan, Mingzhen Li, Cheng Chen, Ruiming Tan
Abstract Objectives Disulfidptosis is a novel form of cell death, whose modulation in tumor cells may present a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. However, the role of disulfidptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains poorly elucidated. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs) and reveal their relationship to the immune microenvironment of NSCLC. Methods DRLs were identified through co-expression analysis of NSCLC transcriptomic data obtained from the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) data portal. The DRLs prognostic signature (DRLPS) was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses. Samples were separated into high-DS and low-DS groups based on the median disulfidptosis score (DS) of DRLPS. Integrated analyses were then implemented to unveil the association between DRLs and NSCLC microenvironment. These involved the evaluation of functional enrichments, immune cell infiltrations, genetic alterations, and drug sensitivity. Results A prognostic signature was developed based on six prognostic DRLs, which are AL606489.1, LINC00857, AP003555.1, AP000695.1, AC113346.1, and LINC01615. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated the significant association between DRLPS and NSCLC prognosis. The functional enrichment assessment revealed the pivotal involvement of DRLs in immune regulation and metabolism in NSCLC. The low-DS and high-DS subgroups of NSCLC patients exhibited distinct differences in terms of immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden. The potential to predict immunotherapy benefit and drug sensitivity in NSCLC treatments was observed in DRLPS. Conclusions In this study, disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and their roles in NSCLC were revealed. A novel prognostic signature with the potential to predict drug response in NSCLC treatment was developed.
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