Koji Iio, Hideharu Hagiya, Tsukasa Higashionna, Fumio Otsuka
In this age of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), improving treatment using existing antibiotics is desirable. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are high priority AMR pathogens according to the World Health Organization. Cephamycin-class beta- lactams are tolerant to hydrolysis by ESBL activity and have bactericidal effects on ESBL-E. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefmetazole (CMZ) and flomoxef (FMOX) among ESBL-E strains. This was a retrospective study using microbiology laboratory data from Okayama University Hospital (Japan) from January 2014 to June 2022. The MIC was determined by broth microdilution method and the ESBL phenotypes were determined by double-disk method. Antimicrobial use density (AUD) data for CMZ and FMOX were also gathered. Annual proportions of ESBL-producing organisms in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae complex were 20.4-30.6%, 3.5-13.7%, and 0-3.1%, respectively. The ESBL-producing bacteria with MIC levels ≤1 μg/mL for CMZ and FMOX ranged from 57 to 84% and 97 to 100%, respectively, for E. coli, and from 50 to 92% and 80 to 100%, respectively, for K. pneumoniae. E. cloacae strains showed MIC levels ≥32 μg/mL for both agents. The AUD ratio for CMZ to FMOX ranged from 5.31 to 12.27, with no apparent upward or downward trend. Proportions of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains with MIC ≤1 μg/mL were greater in FMOX than in CMZ. To corroborate the clinical superiority of FMOX in treating ESBL-E infections, a randomized controlled study, as well as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, is required.
{"title":"In vitro Activity of Cefmetazole and Flomoxef among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Enterobacterales.","authors":"Koji Iio, Hideharu Hagiya, Tsukasa Higashionna, Fumio Otsuka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this age of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), improving treatment using existing antibiotics is desirable. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are high priority AMR pathogens according to the World Health Organization. Cephamycin-class beta- lactams are tolerant to hydrolysis by ESBL activity and have bactericidal effects on ESBL-E. The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefmetazole (CMZ) and flomoxef (FMOX) among ESBL-E strains. This was a retrospective study using microbiology laboratory data from Okayama University Hospital (Japan) from January 2014 to June 2022. The MIC was determined by broth microdilution method and the ESBL phenotypes were determined by double-disk method. Antimicrobial use density (AUD) data for CMZ and FMOX were also gathered. Annual proportions of ESBL-producing organisms in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae complex were 20.4-30.6%, 3.5-13.7%, and 0-3.1%, respectively. The ESBL-producing bacteria with MIC levels ≤1 μg/mL for CMZ and FMOX ranged from 57 to 84% and 97 to 100%, respectively, for E. coli, and from 50 to 92% and 80 to 100%, respectively, for K. pneumoniae. E. cloacae strains showed MIC levels ≥32 μg/mL for both agents. The AUD ratio for CMZ to FMOX ranged from 5.31 to 12.27, with no apparent upward or downward trend. Proportions of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains with MIC ≤1 μg/mL were greater in FMOX than in CMZ. To corroborate the clinical superiority of FMOX in treating ESBL-E infections, a randomized controlled study, as well as pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis, is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 2022 outbreak of the human mpox virus, formerly known as monkeypox, raised global health concerns with widespread transmission across multiple countries. Sexual transmission emerged as a significant mode of spread, particularly among high-risk groups like MSM and PLWH. This manuscript focuses on the implications of seminal fluids in the transmission of mpox. The virus has been detected in various bodily fluids, including semen, indicating the potential for sexual transmission. Studies have reported high positivity rates of mpox DNA in seminal fluids. Despite some concern about possible contamination due to genital lesions, the presence of replication-competent virus in seminal fluids has been confirmed and mpox virus was also detected in this specimen among people who engaged only in receptive sexual intercourse. Antiviral treatment with tecovirimat showed efficacy in reducing viral presence in semen with detection of the antiviral in this specimen. Virus clearance from semen is relatively rapid and parallels healing from infection, with no reported cases of seminal fluid relapses. The WHO recommendation to avoid condomless intercourse for 12 weeks after clinical healing still appears prudent. Continued research and surveillance are essential to understand viral dynamics and develop effective prevention measures to combat the spread of mpox through sexual transmission and protect key-populations.
{"title":"Detection of Mpox Virus in Seminal Fluids: Implications for Sexual Transmission.","authors":"Angelo Roberto Raccagni, Antonella Castagna, Silvia Nozza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2022 outbreak of the human mpox virus, formerly known as monkeypox, raised global health concerns with widespread transmission across multiple countries. Sexual transmission emerged as a significant mode of spread, particularly among high-risk groups like MSM and PLWH. This manuscript focuses on the implications of seminal fluids in the transmission of mpox. The virus has been detected in various bodily fluids, including semen, indicating the potential for sexual transmission. Studies have reported high positivity rates of mpox DNA in seminal fluids. Despite some concern about possible contamination due to genital lesions, the presence of replication-competent virus in seminal fluids has been confirmed and mpox virus was also detected in this specimen among people who engaged only in receptive sexual intercourse. Antiviral treatment with tecovirimat showed efficacy in reducing viral presence in semen with detection of the antiviral in this specimen. Virus clearance from semen is relatively rapid and parallels healing from infection, with no reported cases of seminal fluid relapses. The WHO recommendation to avoid condomless intercourse for 12 weeks after clinical healing still appears prudent. Continued research and surveillance are essential to understand viral dynamics and develop effective prevention measures to combat the spread of mpox through sexual transmission and protect key-populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Liu, Peng Xu, Yuchen Li, Jiali Qin, Jiping Zhu, Yi Li
Canine parvovirus (CPV) causes severe infectious disease with a high mortality rate in dogs. CPV is still a major health issue of dogs in the clinic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs to treat the disease. In this study, we fused the transactivating transcriptional activator peptide (TAT) with scFv. TAT-scFv was identified by Western blot. CCK8 kit was used to detect the toxicity of TAT-scFv to cells. The binding activity of TAT-scFv to CPV-2-VP2 was detected by DAS ELISA. The cell uptake rate of TAT-scFv was assessed by IFA. After infection with CPV-2, F81 cells were incubated by TAT-scFv. The replication of virus was measured to determine the neutralization effect of TAT-scFv on intracellular and extracellular viruses. Protein docking was used to predict the amino acid (AA) sites of VP2 binding to TAT-scFv. TAT-scFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The DAS ELISA showed that TAT-scFv could bind with CPV-2-VP2. We demonstrated that TAT-scFv entered cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and effectively inhibited the replication of CPV-2. Using protein docking, we determined the interaction pattern and found that the N-terminal region (AA 41-49) and the C-terminal region (AA 558) of VP2 interacted with the TAT-scFv. Taken together, these results suggest that, TAT-scFv may be a potential antiviral drug for inhibiting CPV-2 replication and controlling disease caused by CPV-2.
{"title":"Inhibition of canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) replication by TAT-scFv through targeting of the viral structural protein VP2 of CPV-2.","authors":"Kun Liu, Peng Xu, Yuchen Li, Jiali Qin, Jiping Zhu, Yi Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine parvovirus (CPV) causes severe infectious disease with a high mortality rate in dogs. CPV is still a major health issue of dogs in the clinic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective drugs to treat the disease. In this study, we fused the transactivating transcriptional activator peptide (TAT) with scFv. TAT-scFv was identified by Western blot. CCK8 kit was used to detect the toxicity of TAT-scFv to cells. The binding activity of TAT-scFv to CPV-2-VP2 was detected by DAS ELISA. The cell uptake rate of TAT-scFv was assessed by IFA. After infection with CPV-2, F81 cells were incubated by TAT-scFv. The replication of virus was measured to determine the neutralization effect of TAT-scFv on intracellular and extracellular viruses. Protein docking was used to predict the amino acid (AA) sites of VP2 binding to TAT-scFv. TAT-scFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The DAS ELISA showed that TAT-scFv could bind with CPV-2-VP2. We demonstrated that TAT-scFv entered cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and effectively inhibited the replication of CPV-2. Using protein docking, we determined the interaction pattern and found that the N-terminal region (AA 41-49) and the C-terminal region (AA 558) of VP2 interacted with the TAT-scFv. Taken together, these results suggest that, TAT-scFv may be a potential antiviral drug for inhibiting CPV-2 replication and controlling disease caused by CPV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To confirm the antagonistic activity characterization of the strain Pseudoalteromonas SW-1 (P. SW-1), its cell-free supernatant (CFS) was studied against a clam pathogenic strain of Vibrio Alginolyticu MP-1 (V.MP-1). The CFS of P. SW-1 exhibited evident antagonistic activities against the pathogens, and the absorbance value (600 nm) of V. MP-1 remained at a lower level at 24 h when compared with the control. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of strain P. SW-1 CFS showed differences after treatment with heat, acid and alkali, and proteinase K. The CFS of P. SW-1 inhibitory activities decreased after treatment with heat, but the inhibitory activities of strain P. SW-1 CFS were still effective after treatment with proteinase K for 24 h. The acid and alkali treatments could increase the inhibitory activities of strain P. SW-1 CFS. Therefore, the ammonium sulfate precipitation test also indicated that P. SW-1 could produce some active protein compounds to antagonize pathogenic V. MP-1.
为了证实假交替单胞菌 SW-1 株(P. SW-1)的拮抗活性特征,研究了其无细胞上清液(CFS)对蛤蜊致病菌弧菌 MP-1 株(V. MP-1)的作用。与对照组相比,P. SW-1 的无细胞上清液对病原体具有明显的拮抗活性,24 小时后 V. MP-1 的吸光度值(600 纳米)仍保持在较低水平。结果表明,菌株 P. SW-1 CFS 的抑制活性在加热、酸碱和蛋白酶 K 处理后出现差异。因此,硫酸铵沉淀试验也表明,P. SW-1 能产生一些活性蛋白化合物来拮抗病原 V. MP-1。
{"title":"Characteristics of inhibitory active substances produced by Pseudoalteromonas SW-1.","authors":"Xing Sun, Xin Xu, Xuhui Wang, Tongtong Tang, Weiwei Zhang, Yuhua Ma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To confirm the antagonistic activity characterization of the strain Pseudoalteromonas SW-1 (P. SW-1), its cell-free supernatant (CFS) was studied against a clam pathogenic strain of Vibrio Alginolyticu MP-1 (V.MP-1). The CFS of P. SW-1 exhibited evident antagonistic activities against the pathogens, and the absorbance value (600 nm) of V. MP-1 remained at a lower level at 24 h when compared with the control. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of strain P. SW-1 CFS showed differences after treatment with heat, acid and alkali, and proteinase K. The CFS of P. SW-1 inhibitory activities decreased after treatment with heat, but the inhibitory activities of strain P. SW-1 CFS were still effective after treatment with proteinase K for 24 h. The acid and alkali treatments could increase the inhibitory activities of strain P. SW-1 CFS. Therefore, the ammonium sulfate precipitation test also indicated that P. SW-1 could produce some active protein compounds to antagonize pathogenic V. MP-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mattia Genco, Antonio Curtoni, Paolo Bottino, Silvia Scabini, Silvia Corcione, Davide Vita, Luisa Guarrasi, Gabriele Bianco, Alessandro Bondi, Daniela Risso, Rossana Cavallo, Cristina Costa
Chryseobacterium spp. belongs to the Flavobacteriaceae family and is a rod-shaped gram-negative, glucose non-fermenting, non-motile bacterium ubiquitous in the environment. In humans, Chryseobacterium may be responsible for infections such as urinary tract infections (UTI) and ventriculitis with a pathogenic burden increasing in recent years. Chryseobacterium gallinarum was isolated for the first time in 2014 in a pharyngeal scrape sample of chicken and, until now, only one case of human UTI has been described in a pregnant 20-year-old Indian patient. Herein, we report the first case of bloodstream infection caused by C. gallinarum in a 67-year-old female burn patient, correctly identified by 16S-rRNA sequencing and successfully treated with cefepime and fosfomycin.
{"title":"First case of Chryseobacterium gallinarum bloodstream infection: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for an emerging pathogen.","authors":"Mattia Genco, Antonio Curtoni, Paolo Bottino, Silvia Scabini, Silvia Corcione, Davide Vita, Luisa Guarrasi, Gabriele Bianco, Alessandro Bondi, Daniela Risso, Rossana Cavallo, Cristina Costa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chryseobacterium spp. belongs to the Flavobacteriaceae family and is a rod-shaped gram-negative, glucose non-fermenting, non-motile bacterium ubiquitous in the environment. In humans, Chryseobacterium may be responsible for infections such as urinary tract infections (UTI) and ventriculitis with a pathogenic burden increasing in recent years. Chryseobacterium gallinarum was isolated for the first time in 2014 in a pharyngeal scrape sample of chicken and, until now, only one case of human UTI has been described in a pregnant 20-year-old Indian patient. Herein, we report the first case of bloodstream infection caused by C. gallinarum in a 67-year-old female burn patient, correctly identified by 16S-rRNA sequencing and successfully treated with cefepime and fosfomycin.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federico Giovagnorio, Nicholas Geremia, Claudio Scarparo, Sandro Panese, Simone Bradariolo, Chiara Berti, Maria Solinas, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Vittorio Selle, Andrea Cozza, Saverio Giuseppe Parisi, Giovanni Carretta
Candida auris has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant health care-associated fungal pathogen. In the literature, nosocomial outbreaks are reported worldwide. In addition, C. auris diffusion occurs in high-dependency settings with infections typically affecting critically ill patients, resulting in life-threatening disease. We describe the first documented case of C. auris in northeastern Italy and the measures applied to contain the transmission that led to zero collateral infections.
念珠菌已在全球范围内成为一种具有多重耐药性的医疗相关真菌病原体。有文献报道,世界各地都爆发过医院内感染。此外,C. auris还在高依赖环境中扩散,感染者通常是危重病人,导致危及生命的疾病。我们描述了意大利东北部第一例记录在案的 C. auris 病例,以及为遏制传播而采取的措施,这些措施导致了零附带感染。
{"title":"Successful control measures to treat the transmission of Candida auris in Northern Italian Hospital.","authors":"Federico Giovagnorio, Nicholas Geremia, Claudio Scarparo, Sandro Panese, Simone Bradariolo, Chiara Berti, Maria Solinas, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Vittorio Selle, Andrea Cozza, Saverio Giuseppe Parisi, Giovanni Carretta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida auris has emerged globally as a multidrug-resistant health care-associated fungal pathogen. In the literature, nosocomial outbreaks are reported worldwide. In addition, C. auris diffusion occurs in high-dependency settings with infections typically affecting critically ill patients, resulting in life-threatening disease. We describe the first documented case of C. auris in northeastern Italy and the measures applied to contain the transmission that led to zero collateral infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Jia, Guang Chen, Wanxiang Li, Jie Ma, Xue Zhao
We present a case of bloodstream infection with Saprochaete clavata following an abdominal steel impact injury in a 52-year-old man, whose non-healing abdominal wound was also highly suspected of being caused by Saprochaete clavata. Saprochaete clavata is a very uncommon fungal pathogen. Our case is distinctive in that previous reports have typically involved immunocompromised, malignant, or leukemic patients. In contrast, our case involved a middle-aged man in good health who had ileal perforation repair for gastrointestinal perforation. Post-surgery, Saprochaete clavata was isolated from the incision exudate and blood samples. The pathogen was characterized and the drug sensitivity test was performed, and based on their results a clinical treatment plan was devised. The combination antifungal treatment comprising voriconazole and caspofungin significantly controlled the patient's infection and gradually healed the wound. Therefore, early isolation and characterization are essential because invasive fungal diseases have a high death rate.
{"title":"18S rRNA sequencing and homology analysis of post-traumatic bloodstream infection with Saprochaete clavata (Magnusiomyces clavatus) and a case report.","authors":"Wei Jia, Guang Chen, Wanxiang Li, Jie Ma, Xue Zhao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case of bloodstream infection with Saprochaete clavata following an abdominal steel impact injury in a 52-year-old man, whose non-healing abdominal wound was also highly suspected of being caused by Saprochaete clavata. Saprochaete clavata is a very uncommon fungal pathogen. Our case is distinctive in that previous reports have typically involved immunocompromised, malignant, or leukemic patients. In contrast, our case involved a middle-aged man in good health who had ileal perforation repair for gastrointestinal perforation. Post-surgery, Saprochaete clavata was isolated from the incision exudate and blood samples. The pathogen was characterized and the drug sensitivity test was performed, and based on their results a clinical treatment plan was devised. The combination antifungal treatment comprising voriconazole and caspofungin significantly controlled the patient's infection and gradually healed the wound. Therefore, early isolation and characterization are essential because invasive fungal diseases have a high death rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna Stringari, Laura Nai Fovino, Aldo Naselli, Francesca Tota, Michela Capogna, Silvia Graziani, Massimo Soffiati
At 23 days of life a neonate presented to the emergency room with crying and decreased oral intake. His parents were positive to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), but he turned out negative. After one week he was admitted to NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) for respiratory failure, and nasopharyngeal swab (PCR test: polymerase chain reaction test) was positive for SARS-CoV-2. On examination the child had fever, tachy-dyspnea, reduced oxygen saturation, tachycardia, abdominal distension and tenderness, irritability and hypertonia. Blood exam showed respiratory acidosis, lymphocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and coagulopathy; CRP (C reactive protein), procalcitonin, D-dimer, ferritin and NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) were elevated. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral interstitial infi ltration and abdomen ultrasound a thin fl uid effusion; echocardiography was normal. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests on CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and stool were also positive. He was started on non-invasive intermittent positive pressure respiratory ventilation, treated with antibiotic therapy, methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, and antiplatelet therapy. Rapid clinical improvement was seen with remission of fever after eight days. The child complicated with bacterial super-infection presenting as pleural empyema. As presented in our case, it is not always easy to differentiate between severe forms of COVID-19 and MIS-C. Due to the rarity of these presentations in neonates, multicentric collaboration is needed to identify the specifi c characteristics of the two forms, better defi ne diagnostic criteria, and treatment options.
{"title":"Neonatal severe COVID-19 infection complicated by Staphilococcus aureus could be misinterpreted as MIS-C?: case report and review of literature.","authors":"Giovanna Stringari, Laura Nai Fovino, Aldo Naselli, Francesca Tota, Michela Capogna, Silvia Graziani, Massimo Soffiati","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At 23 days of life a neonate presented to the emergency room with crying and decreased oral intake. His parents were positive to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), but he turned out negative. After one week he was admitted to NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) for respiratory failure, and nasopharyngeal swab (PCR test: polymerase chain reaction test) was positive for SARS-CoV-2. On examination the child had fever, tachy-dyspnea, reduced oxygen saturation, tachycardia, abdominal distension and tenderness, irritability and hypertonia. Blood exam showed respiratory acidosis, lymphocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia and coagulopathy; CRP (C reactive protein), procalcitonin, D-dimer, ferritin and NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) were elevated. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral interstitial infi ltration and abdomen ultrasound a thin fl uid effusion; echocardiography was normal. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests on CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and stool were also positive. He was started on non-invasive intermittent positive pressure respiratory ventilation, treated with antibiotic therapy, methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, and antiplatelet therapy. Rapid clinical improvement was seen with remission of fever after eight days. The child complicated with bacterial super-infection presenting as pleural empyema. As presented in our case, it is not always easy to differentiate between severe forms of COVID-19 and MIS-C. Due to the rarity of these presentations in neonates, multicentric collaboration is needed to identify the specifi c characteristics of the two forms, better defi ne diagnostic criteria, and treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hager Muftah, Berrin Özçelik, Ozlem Oyardi, Didem Deliorman Orhan
The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the active ingredient in antimicrobial magistral drug formulations and plant extracts used in folk medicine were investigated comparatively. Borax, sulfur colloid, hydrogen peroxide, benzoic acid, rivanol, brilliant green and plant extracts as active ingredients, namely: Helianthus tuberosus tuber-H2O (aqueous extract), Cydonia oblonga leaves-H2O, Allium porrum whole plant-H2O, Cistus laurifolius leaves-EtOH, Solanum muricalum-H2O, and Fumaria cilicica leaves-EtOH were studied to determine their antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and fungi (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. coli, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) by using the microdilution method. The active ingredients and plant extracts showed different activities as MIC between 1->128 μg/mL. Brilliant green and rivanol as active ingredients had MIC values of 1 μg/mL against all tested microorganisms. C. oblonga leaves-H2O as well as C. laurifolius leaves-EtOH as plant extracts were indicated as having the highest antimicrobial effect in MIC value of 16 μg/ml against A. baumannii and S. pyogenes, respectively. On the other hand, F. cilicica leaves-EtOH and C. laurifolius leaves-EtOH showed the highest antifungal activity (MIC; 16 μg/mL).
比较研究了抗菌药物配方中的活性成分和民间医药中使用的植物提取物的体外抗菌活性。作为活性成分的硼砂、硫胶体、过氧化氢、苯甲酸、利凡诺、亮绿和植物提取物,即这些植物提取物包括:Helianthus tuberosus tuber-H2O(水提取物)、Cydonia oblonga leaves-H2O、Allium porrum whole plant-H2O、Cistus laurifolius leaves-EtOH、Solanum muricalum-H2O,以及 Fumaria cilicica leaves-EtOH。化脓性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、副丝状念珠菌、克鲁塞念珠菌)的抗菌活性。活性成分和植物提取物显示出不同的活性,其 MIC 值介于 1->128 μg/mL 之间。作为活性成分的亮绿和利凡诺对所有受试微生物的 MIC 值均为 1 μg/mL。植物萃取物 C. oblonga leaves-H2O 和 C. laurifolius leaves-EtOH 对鲍曼尼氏菌和化脓性链球菌的抗菌效果最高,MIC 值分别为 16 μg/ml。另一方面,F. cilicica 叶-EtOH 和 C. laurifolius 叶-EtOH 显示出最高的抗真菌活性(MIC;16 μg/ml)。
{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Medicinal Plant Extracts and Antimicrobial Magistrals.","authors":"Hager Muftah, Berrin Özçelik, Ozlem Oyardi, Didem Deliorman Orhan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the active ingredient in antimicrobial magistral drug formulations and plant extracts used in folk medicine were investigated comparatively. Borax, sulfur colloid, hydrogen peroxide, benzoic acid, rivanol, brilliant green and plant extracts as active ingredients, namely: Helianthus tuberosus tuber-H2O (aqueous extract), Cydonia oblonga leaves-H2O, Allium porrum whole plant-H2O, Cistus laurifolius leaves-EtOH, Solanum muricalum-H2O, and Fumaria cilicica leaves-EtOH were studied to determine their antimicrobial activity against different bacteria and fungi (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. coli, Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) by using the microdilution method. The active ingredients and plant extracts showed different activities as MIC between 1->128 μg/mL. Brilliant green and rivanol as active ingredients had MIC values of 1 μg/mL against all tested microorganisms. C. oblonga leaves-H2O as well as C. laurifolius leaves-EtOH as plant extracts were indicated as having the highest antimicrobial effect in MIC value of 16 μg/ml against A. baumannii and S. pyogenes, respectively. On the other hand, F. cilicica leaves-EtOH and C. laurifolius leaves-EtOH showed the highest antifungal activity (MIC; 16 μg/mL).</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Mazzitelli, Maurizio Zazzi, Giulia Marchetti, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Emanuele Focà, Annamaria Cattelan, Antonella Castagna
People aging with 4 antiretroviral class resistant HIV are a very challenging population. It is difficult to build up a fully suppressive regimen, and the high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy may cause drug-drug interactions and put adherence at risk. We herein present the case of an 80-year-old man, participating in the PRESTIGIO registry, asking for a reduction in his antiretroviral burden while on polypharmacy for his comorbidities.
{"title":"PRESTIGIO RING: \"An 80-year-old man living with HIV resistant to all four antiretroviral classes and desiring treatment simplification\".","authors":"Maria Mazzitelli, Maurizio Zazzi, Giulia Marchetti, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Emanuele Focà, Annamaria Cattelan, Antonella Castagna","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People aging with 4 antiretroviral class resistant HIV are a very challenging population. It is difficult to build up a fully suppressive regimen, and the high prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy may cause drug-drug interactions and put adherence at risk. We herein present the case of an 80-year-old man, participating in the PRESTIGIO registry, asking for a reduction in his antiretroviral burden while on polypharmacy for his comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54723,"journal":{"name":"New Microbiologica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}