Journal of International Advanced Otology最新文献

Background: We evaluated and compared the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma.

Methods: The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress was measured and compared between chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma according to the presence or absence of bacteria, type of hearing loss, ossicle destruction, and facial canal dehiscence.

Results: The expression of immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein messenger ribonucleic acid was higher in the chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma group than in the chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma group, and Protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and activating transcription factor 6 messenger ribonucleic acid expression were higher in the chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma group than in the chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma group.

Conclusion: Endoplasmic reticulum stress messenger ribonucleic acids were expressed in both chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma and chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma. The levels of expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress messenger ribonucleic acids differed according to clinical features, suggesting that different endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of different types of chronic otitis media.

Background: Tinnitus is a perception of sound in the brain without any external stimulus. Tinnitus patients often complain of more efforts required in listening. They may be ineffective in inhibiting their attention, driven to irrelevant ringing sounds in their ear rather than attending to the relevant target speech stimulus. The study's objective was to evaluate an allocation of cognitive resources among tinnitus patients for concurrent tasks required for understanding speech using an objective dual-task paradigm to assess listening effort.

Methods: We recruited 40 participants with mild to moderately severe sloping sensorineural hearing loss within 60-70 years. They were subgrouped into control and clinical groups. The clinical group had a severe degree of tonal tinnitus bilaterally. The objective listening task used listening effort, and a subjective questionnaire to assess the effort in listening was assessed by each study participant.

Results: The results indicated poorer recognition and reduced recall scores in a clinical group than the control group in each signal-to-noise ratio. The recall score in objective listening effort measurement was strongly correlated with subjective questions assessed effort in listening among the clinical group at each signal-to-noise ratio. However, in the control group, the correlation was to a mild degree at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio only.

Conclusion: Annoyance caused by tinnitus disrupts attention, thereby limiting the effective use of cognitive resources for concurrent speech processing and recalling reflected in the listening effort task.

Autoimmune diseases may cause various kinds of conflicts in and outside the target organ, and some evidence brings forward the suggestion that autoimmune diseases may damage the auditory nerve and cause sensorineural hearing loss. However, this relationship is not clearly defined yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess sensorineural hearing loss in autoimmune diseases through systematic review and metaanalysis. The literature databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of knowledge, and Cochrane library were thoroughly searched, and a meta-analysis study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eighteen articles were included, involving 27 859 cases affected by autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in systemic lupus erythematosus cases was 21.26 [3.80, 38.71]%, which was significant, and pooled analysis of odds ratio observed in individual studies showed that the odds of sensorineural hearing loss prevalence was 12.11 [7.4, 24.12] (P < .001). The prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in rheumatoid arthritis cases was 16.14 [-9.03, 41.31]%, which was significant, and pooled analysis of odds ratio observed in individual studies showed that the odds of sensorineural hearing loss prevalence was 2.23 [1.84, 2.32] (P < .001). In vitiligo cases, the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss was 38.80 [22.36, 55.25]%, which was significant, and pooled analysis of odds ratio observed in individual studies showed that the odds of sensorineural hearing loss prevalence was 5.82 [3.74, 9.68] (P < .001). The present study showed that sensorineural hearing loss is significantly related to the autoimmune diseases of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and vitiligo. Therefore, these cases need a routine evaluation of sensorineural hearing loss.

Background: Hainan Province is the southernmost island in China, far from the mainland, and the resident population changes little. In order to understand the mutation spectrum in Hainan and provide effective genetic counseling for deaf people, we carried out genetic analysis on the non-comprehensive hearing impairment in this population. Therefore, in this study, 183 children with moderate sensorineural deafness in the northeast of Hainan were analyzed with susceptibility gene carrying and gene mutation, providing some reference for hainan to guide the prevention and treatment of deafness.

Methods: Complete clinical evaluations were performed on 183 unrelated patients with a non-syndromic hearing impairment from Hainan Province. Each subject was screened for common mutations using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, including GJB2 c.35delG,c.235delC,c.299_300del AT,c.176_191del16,c.167delT; GJB3 c.538 C>T,c.547G >A;SLC26A4 IVS7-2 A>G,c.2168 A>G,c.1174A>T,c.1229 C>T,c.1226G>A,c.1975G>C,c.2027T>A,c.2162C>T,c.281C>T,c.589G>A,IVS15+5G>A; and mtRNA 1494 C>T,1555 A>G.

Results: Genetic analysis showed that GJB2, SLC26A4, and mitochondrial M. 1555A > G mutations accounted for 7.10%, 8.74%, and 0.55% of the etiology of non-syndromic hearing impairment, respectively. Common mutations include GJB2 C. 235delC, SLC26A4 c.I vs7-2a →G, C. 2168A→G, and mitochondrial M. 1555A > G. The total mutation rate in Hainan was 16.39%.

Conclusion: Our study is the first one to carry out genetic analysis on non-syndromic hearing impairment in Hainan. The results show that in the cases of non-syndromic hearing impairment in these areas, there is a clear genetic cause accounted for 16.39%, and the mutation hot spots are mainly GJB2 and SLC26A4, and SLC26A4 is the most common mutation site. This study provides useful and targeted information for genetic counseling of deafness in people with non-syndromic hearing impairment in Hainan.

Background: Tinnitus is a sound perceived in the ears or head without any external or internal sound source. It can be hypothesized that the auditory processing at the different levels of the auditory pathway and working memory may get affected due to the additional sound contributed by tinnitus. The objective of our study is to evaluate binaural processes and working memory capacity in individual with tinnitus having normal hearing sensitivity.

Methods: The binaural interaction process was evaluated using the interaural time difference and interaural level difference. Similarly, the binaural integration process was assessed using the dichotic consonant-vowel test, and the working memory was assessed using the audio descending span test and Audio 2N-Back span test. Mann-Whitney U test was done to see the significant difference between the groups.

Results: The Mann-Whitney U test showed significantly poorer interaural level difference scores in the tinnitus group. Also, dichotic consonantvowel test scores and auditory working memory test scores were found to be significantly lower in individuals with tinnitus.

Conclusion: The binaural processes, along with the working memory capacity, are found to be affected in an individual with tinnitus, which in turn may affect the speech perception ability of the individual.

Background: The aim of this study was to show the variability in head angulation during the canalolith repositioning maneuvers to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to describe a head-mounted benign paroxysmal positional vertigo guidance system to measure the head orientation.

Methods: A guidance system for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was developed by NeuroEquilibrium Diagnostic Systems to measure head orientation and provide visual feedback and instructions to examiners during various maneuvers for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Twenty-five experienced examiners and 25 healthy volunteers (aged 21-35 years) were recruited. Each examiner applied the Epley maneuver twice in 1 volunteer: without and with the use visual feedback from a guidance system. Head orientation in both procedures was measured and compared.

Results: The trained examiners demonstrated a large variability in head orientation during the Epley maneuver, which was reduced by using the benign paroxysmal positional vertigo guidance system. There was a variability of 39-65° in head orientation measured without the guidance system. The use of the guidance system reduced the variation range to a sixfold decrease in variability.

Conclusion: There is a large variability in head orientation when performing repositioning maneuvers, which could compromise the efficacy of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo treatment. Treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo can be optimized by reducing this variability with a benign paroxysmal positional vertigo guidance system. It might also be a useful tool for teaching.

Background: Side effects occurring after COVID-19 vaccination can include vertigo and dizziness. Despite its high incidence, few studies to date have assessed dizziness/vertigo after vaccination. The present study investigated the incidence of dizziness/vertigo after COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea.

Methods: Adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination reported to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency from February 26, 2021, to July 31, 2022 (week 74) were analyzed. The incidence rates of dizziness/vertigo in subjects vaccinated with 5 COVID-19 vaccines, AZD1222 (AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), JNJ-78436735 (Janssen), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), were determined.

Results: A total of 126 725 952 doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered, with 473 755 suspected adverse reactions (374 per 100 000 vaccinations) reported. Vertigo/dizziness was reported after the administration of 68 759 doses, or 54.3 per 100 000 vaccinations, making it the third most common adverse reaction after headache and muscle pain.

Conclusion: Dizziness/vertigo was generally a mild adverse reaction after COVID-19 vaccination, but it was the third most common adverse reaction in Korea. Studies are necessary to clarify the causal relationship between vaccination and dizziness/vertigo and to prepare subjects for this possible adverse reaction.

Background: This study aims to determine and assess prognostic variables that might affect the hearing result in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss following intratympanic steroid injection.

Methods: In total, 190 patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss received intratympanic steroid injection. Two hearing indices (recovery and nonrecovery) will be analyzed as dependent variables; patient's age, time period between the onset of hearing loss and treatment, initial level of hearing (hearing loss pre), type of audiogram curve (upsloping, downsloping, and flat), presence of vertigo, presence of tinnitus, and diabetes) will be analyzed as prognostic factor variables.

Results: Recovery was seen in 72% of the patients. Different preinjection audiogram curves and hearing grades had a significant effect on recovery, absence of vestibular symptoms and no diabetic history were noted to have a good prognosis. Delay in treatment by more than 30 days from the onset of hearing loss was associated with a worse prognosis.

Conclusion: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss associated with late treatment plan more than 1 month, presence of vertigo, diabetes, and profound prehearing loss were negative prognostic factors. Whereas age, gender, and presence of tinnitus did not affect prognosis. More stable response was obtained when intratympanic steroids were added within 1 month after diagnosis, and the patient presented with mild or moderate hearing loss grade, flat or downsloping pure tone audiometery curve, and absence of vertigo and nondiabetic with significantly good results.

Background: Necrotizing otitis externa is an invasive infection, affecting older patients, with significant associated morbidity. Despite this, there are no randomized controlled trials that address management, and therefore, treatment approaches may vary considerably. We describe the management and outcomes of 37 patients managed using a multidisciplinary treatment pathway for necrotizing otitis externa over a 5-year period. The pathway is based on a standardized antibiotic regime of 3 weeks of intravenous ceftazidime plus oral ciprofloxacin, followed by a further 3 weeks of ciprofloxacin.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with necrotizing otitis externa since the introduction of our pathway in 2016. We include data on patient demographics, comorbidities, microbiology, length of stay, and length of antimicrobial treatment. Outcome data, including mortality, relapse and treatment failure, and adverse effects of treatment, are presented.

Results: The median age of our patients was 82 years. About 54% of patients had diabetes mellitus or another cause of immunocompromise. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 68%. The median duration of inpatient stay was 9 days, and median treatment duration was 6 weeks. Of 37 patients, 32 were cured (86%), and of the remaining 5 patients, there were 2 mortalities unrelated to necrotizing otitis externa and 3 patients with recurrent infections due to anatomical abnormalities.

Conclusion: We note favorable treatment outcomes when using a standardized multidisciplinary pathway and a 6-week course of antibiotic therapy.

Background: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy has shown effectiveness in managing chronic tinnitus. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is currently available in only a few languages (English, Swedish, Spanish, and German). The current study aimed to adapt, evaluate, and compare the readability and acceptability of the Turkish internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy materials compared to previous versions.

Methods: Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy materials were adapted from the preexisting American English to the Turkish population in a 4-step process: (1) cultural adaptations, (2) acceptability adaptation of materials to the Turkish-speaking population, and (3) literacy-level adjustments. Experts (n=11) and patients (n=11) rated the intervention materials and the ePlatform for acceptability, including usability, content, presentation, and suitability (4).

Results: Literacy-level adjustments generated acceptable and readability levels of the Turkish version of the internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program. The average readability score was 76.15 ± 0.35. The Turkish internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (Mdn: 7.00) was statistically lower compared to the Swedish (Mdn: 9.00) but higher when compared to the American English and Spanish (Mdn: 5.00) versions. There were no statistical differences between the British English and Turkish versions in readability scores. Acceptability in the internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy platform was rated favorably.

Conclusion: The Turkish internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy was found to be user-friendly and easy to understand, with navigations that are straightforward, have clear information, and are supported by audiologists. The readability score of the Turkish internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is within recommended limits to ensure comprehensibility. We suggest that an online cognitive behavioral therapy program is adaptable for other languages for countries with a limited number of clinicians focused on cognitive behavioral therapy and tinnitus.