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Follower fish of the goldspotted eel Myrichthys ocellatus with a review on anguilliform fish as nuclear species 金斑鳗的跟随鱼及核种鳗形鱼的研究进展
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-16 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0503-1
Maria L. F. Ternes, Vinicius J. Giglio, Thiago C. Mendes, Pedro H. C. Pereira
In a nuclear-follower fish foraging association, the follower benefits from food uncovered or flushed out when the nuclear fish disturbs the bottom, while nuclear species generally do not seem to be benefiting. Among nuclear species, eels (anguilliform fish) are known to be one of the most represented groups. Here we investigated the frequency and time duration of foraging associations among the goldspotted eel Myrichthys ocellatus and reef fish in a subtropical marginal reef. In addition, we reviewed nuclear eel species and their followers described in the literature. From a total of 211 goldspotted eels observed, seven follower species were recorded in 19% of the samples. The average time of the following associations per species ranged from 40 to 190 s. Four species were reported for the first time as M. ocellatus followers (Bodianus rufus, B. pulchellus, Stephanolepis hispidus, and Serranus baldwini) and three of them have never been reported in the literature as eel followers (B. pulchellus, S. hispidus, and S. baldwini). The literature describes 13 eel species acting as nuclear for 66 fish species, represented mainly by groupers and sea basses. The size of the eel was not correlated with the size of its follower and neither with the number of described follower species. The nuclear role of eels is likely to be an important component of the trophic ecology of small and medium-sized macrocarnivore fish.
在一个核跟随鱼觅食协会中,当核跟随鱼扰乱底部时,跟随鱼会从食物暴露或被冲走中受益,而核跟随鱼通常似乎没有受益。在核物种中,鳗鱼(鳗状鱼)是已知的最具代表性的群体之一。本文研究了亚热带边缘珊瑚礁中金斑鳗与珊瑚鱼的觅食关联频率和持续时间。此外,我们回顾了文献中描述的核鳗种类及其追随者。在总共211条观察到的金斑鳗中,19%的样本中记录了7种跟随者。每个物种结合力的平均时间为40 ~ 190 s。其中4种为首次报道的鳝属(Bodianus rufus、B. pulchellus、Stephanolepis hispidus和Serranus baldwini), 3种为文献未见报道的鳝属(B. pulchellus、S. hispidus和S. baldwini)。文献描述了13种鳗鱼是66种鱼类的核心,主要是石斑鱼和海鲈鱼。鳗鱼的大小与其追随者的大小无关,也与所描述的追随者物种的数量无关。鳗鱼的核作用可能是中小型大型食肉鱼类营养生态的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 2
Site fidelity and population structure of blue land crabs (Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825) in a restricted-access mangrove area, analyzed using PIT tags 利用PIT标记分析了红树限入区蓝地蟹(Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825)的生境保真度和种群结构
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2018-01-04 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0504-0
Denise F. Moraes-Costa, R. Schwamborn
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引用次数: 6
Viral dynamics in two trophically different areas in the Central Adriatic Sea 中亚得里亚海两个不同营养区域的病毒动态
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0502-2
Marin Ordulj, Nada Krstulović, Danijela Šantić, Slaven Jozić, Mladen Šolić
To understand the activity of marine viruses, experiments on viral production, viral decay and the percentage of lytic and lysogenic bacterial cells among the total number of bacterial cells were carried out seasonally at two stations in the Adriatic Sea with different trophic conditions. Additionally, we are providing an insight on the enrichment with dissolved and particulate organic matter by viral lysis in the studied area. Viral production was higher at the coastal station than at the open-sea station. Viral decay rates were also higher at the coastal sea station than at the open-sea station, and accounted for approximately 40% of viral production at both investigated stations. The percentage of lysogenic infection was lower than that of lytical infection, which indicates the prevalence of the lytic cycle at both stations. Viruses had a significant influence on bacterial mortality through high daily removal of the bacterial standing stock at the coastal and open-sea station. The viruses contributed to the restoration of dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the microbial loop by lysing the bacterial cells at the studied stations. All the above suggest that viruses are important in the microbial food web and an important factor in the control of bacterial populations within the study area.
为了解海洋病毒的活性,在亚得里亚海不同营养条件下的两个测点进行了病毒生成、病毒衰变和溶解性和溶原性细菌细胞占细菌细胞总数百分比的季节性实验。此外,我们还提供了在研究区域通过病毒裂解富集溶解和颗粒有机物的见解。沿海站的病毒产量高于远海站。沿海站的病毒衰变率也高于远海站,约占两个调查站病毒产量的40%。溶原性感染的比例低于溶原性感染的比例,说明溶原性循环在两个站点都普遍存在。病毒对细菌的死亡率有显著的影响,通过在沿海和远洋站每天大量去除细菌存量。这些病毒通过裂解试验站的细菌细胞来恢复微生物环中溶解的有机碳、氮和磷。上述结果表明,病毒在微生物食物网中占有重要地位,是控制研究区域内细菌数量的重要因素。
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引用次数: 10
Cost/benefit and the effect of sample preservation procedures on quantitative patterns in benthic ecology 成本/效益及样本保存程序对底栖生态定量模式的影响
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-10-27 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0501-3
Gabriel Barros Gonçalves de Souza, Francisco Barros
Some benthic assemblages studies have tested the effects of different preservation procedures on biomass, but their influence on quantitative patterns (number of species and abundance) is still unclear. We evaluated the influence of two sample preservation procedures on quantitative patterns in benthic ecology. Ten sampling points were systematically interspersed on two types of sediment (sandy and muddy). At each sediment type, samples from five sampling points were fixed in 10% formalin, and the other five points were preserved in 70% ethanol (without previous fixation). Three replicates were collected at each sampling point, and samples were washed in 0.5 mesh size and sorted in laboratory. A cost/benefit analysis was performed considering the washing time in laboratory and the costs of substances. A total of 1970 individuals were collected (muddy sediment: 132; sandy sediment: 1838), belonging to 121 taxa (muddy: 49; sandy: 83). Assemblages preserved in ethanol were composed of 795 individuals and 80 taxa, while those fixed with formalin had 1173 individuals and 94 taxa. Polychaeta predominated as the most abundant group for both preservation procedures. For the whole benthic community, significant differences occurred only between sediment types. Significant differences in the number of individuals of polychaetes were observed for the different preservation procedures in sandy sediment. Ethanol has the best cost/benefit ratio in both sediment types due to additional costs to attend safety requirements for formalin-fixed samples. Further studies should evaluate how quantitative patterns are affected by exposure time of preservation, anesthesia interaction, and morphological deformations (e.g. impossibility of identification).
一些底栖生物组合研究已经测试了不同保存程序对生物量的影响,但它们对数量模式(物种数量和丰度)的影响仍不清楚。我们评估了两种样品保存程序对底栖生态定量模式的影响。10个采样点系统地分布在两种沉积物(砂质和泥质)上。在每种沉积物类型中,来自五个采样点的样品在10%福尔马林中固定,其他五个采样点在70%乙醇中保存(没有预先固定)。每个采样点采集3个重复,样品以0.5目清洗,实验室分选。考虑到实验室洗涤时间和物质成本,进行了成本/效益分析。共收集到1970只个体(泥质沉积物:132只;砂质沉积:1838),属于121个分类群(泥质:49;桑迪:83)。乙醇保存的组合由795个个体和80个分类群组成,而福尔马林固定的组合由1173个个体和94个分类群组成。在这两种保存方法中,多毛纲都是最丰富的类群。对于整个底栖生物群落而言,仅在沉积物类型之间存在显著差异。在不同的保存方法下,多毛动物的个体数量有显著差异。乙醇在两种沉积物类型中都具有最佳的成本/效益比,因为要满足固定福尔马林样品的安全要求需要额外的成本。进一步的研究应该评估定量模式如何受到保存时间、麻醉相互作用和形态变形(例如无法识别)的影响。
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引用次数: 7
Spatial variation of reef fishes and the relative influence of biotic and abiotic habitat traits 珊瑚礁鱼类的空间变异及生物与非生物生境性状的相对影响
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-10-17 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0500-4
I. Bertocci, I. Sousa-Pinto, P. Duarte
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引用次数: 2
Host-use pattern of the shrimp Periclimenes paivai on the scyphozoan jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna: probing for territoriality and inferring its mating system 对紫紫水母寄主利用模式的探索及其交配系统的推断
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0497-8
J. Antonio Baeza, Samara de Paiva Barros-Alves, Rudá Amorim Lucena, Silvio Felipe Barbosa Lima, Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves
In symbiotic crustaceans, host-use patterns vary broadly. Some species inhabit host individuals solitarily, other species live in heterosexual pairs, and even other species live in aggregations. This disparity in host-use patterns coupled with considerable differences in host ecology provide opportunities to explore how environmental conditions affect animal behavior. In this study, we explored whether or not symbiotic crustaceans inhabiting relatively large and structurally complex host species live in aggregations. We expected Periclimenes paivai, a small caridean shrimp that lives among the tentacles of the large and morphologically complex scyphozoan jellyfish Lychnorhiza lucerna, to live in groups given that the host traits above constraint host-monopolization behaviors by symbiotic crustaceans. We described the population distribution of P. paivai during a bloom of L. lucerna near the mouth of the Paraíba River estuary in Paraíba, Brazil. The population distribution of P. paivai did not differ statistically from a random Poisson distribution. Male shrimps were most often found dwelling on the surface of L. lucerna individuals as small groups (2–4 individuals), in agreement with expectations. Periclimenes paivai is a sexually dimorphic species with males attaining smaller average body sizes than females and exhibiting no elaborated weaponry (claws). Females, but not males, experience positive allometry in cheliped size and were found living solitarily in small but not large host individuals. The above suggest that females might be territorial or that they might be competing for resources (i.e., food) likely expected to impact their reproductive output. Our results agree, but only partially, with the idea that large and morphologically complex host species should harbor non-territorial gregarious symbiotic crustaceans. Symbiotic crustaceans represent excellent models to improve our understanding about the conditions driving the social behavior of marine organisms.
在共生甲壳类动物中,寄主利用模式差异很大。有些物种单独生活在宿主个体中,有些物种生活在异性伴侣中,甚至还有一些物种生活在群体中。这种宿主利用模式的差异加上宿主生态的巨大差异,为探索环境条件如何影响动物行为提供了机会。在这项研究中,我们探讨了共生甲壳类动物是否居住在相对较大和结构复杂的寄主物种中。考虑到上述寄主特征限制了共生甲壳类动物的寄主独占行为,我们认为生活在大型且形态复杂的水螅类水母Lychnorhiza lucerna触手之间的小壳壳虾Periclimenes paivai可能是群居的。本文描述了巴西Paraíba河河口附近的一次露色草开花期间白花假蝇的种群分布。白家鸡种群分布与随机泊松分布无统计学差异。雄性对虾以小群体(2 ~ 4只)的形式栖息在露色藻个体的表面,与预期一致。双爪鱼是一种两性异形物种,雄性的平均体型比雌性小,没有精致的武器(爪子)。雌性,而不是雄性,在螯大小上经历正异速生长,并且被发现单独生活在小而不是大的寄主个体中。上述情况表明,雌性可能是有领土意识的,或者它们可能在争夺可能影响其生殖产出的资源(即食物)。我们的研究结果与大型和形态复杂的寄主物种应该容纳非领土群居共生甲壳类动物的观点一致,但只是部分同意。共生甲壳类动物代表了很好的模型,可以提高我们对驱动海洋生物社会行为的条件的理解。
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引用次数: 8
Dynamics of a Limecola (Macoma) balthica population in a tidal flat area in the western Wadden Sea: effects of declining survival and recruitment 瓦登海西部滩涂地区石灰藻种群动态:生存下降和繁殖的影响
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0498-7
J. Beukema, R. Dekker, J. Drent
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引用次数: 7
Non-indigenous species (NIS) of polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula: an annotated checklist 来自伊比利亚半岛大西洋和地中海沿岸的多毛纲(环节动物:多毛纲)的非本地种(NIS):一份注释清单
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0499-6
E. López, A. Richter
This study provides an updated catalogue of non-indigenous species (NIS) of polychaetes reported from the continental coasts of the Iberian Peninsula based on the available literature. A list of 23 introduced species were regarded as established and other 11 were reported as casual, with 11 established and nine casual NIS in the Atlantic coast of the studied area and 14 established species and seven casual ones in the Mediterranean side. The most frequent way of transport was shipping (ballast water or hull fouling), which according to literature likely accounted for the introductions of 14 established species and for the presence of another casual one. To a much lesser extent aquaculture (three established and two casual species) and bait importation (one established species) were also recorded, but for a large number of species the translocation pathway was unknown. About 25% of the reported NIS originated in the Warm Western Atlantic region, followed by the Tropical Indo West-Pacific region (18%) and the Warm Eastern Atlantic (12%). In the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula, nearly all the reported NIS originated from warm or tropical regions, but less than half of the species recorded from the Atlantic side were native of these areas. The effects of these introductions in native marine fauna are largely unknown, except for one species (Ficopomatus enigmaticus) which was reported to cause serious environmental impacts. In other cases, the displacement of native species or economic damages are suspected.
本研究在现有文献的基础上,对伊比利亚半岛大陆海岸报道的多毛类非本地物种(NIS)进行了更新目录。研究区大西洋沿岸有11个已建立的外来物种,9个为非正式的外来物种;地中海沿岸有14个已建立的物种,7个为非正式的外来物种。最常见的运输方式是航运(压舱水或船体污垢),根据文献,这可能是14种已知物种的引入和另一种偶然物种的存在。在较小程度上,也记录了水产养殖(3个已建立物种和2个临时物种)和饵料进口(1个已建立物种),但对于大量物种的易位途径是未知的。报告的NIS中约有25%来自温暖的西大西洋地区,其次是热带印度-西太平洋地区(18%)和温暖的东大西洋地区(12%)。在伊比利亚半岛的地中海沿岸,几乎所有报告的新物种都起源于温暖或热带地区,但在大西洋一侧记录的物种中,只有不到一半是这些地区的原生物种。这些引进对本地海洋动物的影响在很大程度上是未知的,除了一种物种(Ficopomatus enigmaticus)据报道会造成严重的环境影响。在其他情况下,可能会造成本地物种的迁移或经济损失。
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引用次数: 22
Distribution patterns of epilithic diatoms along climatic, spatial and physicochemical variables in the Baltic Sea 波罗的海外缘硅藻在气候、空间和物理化学变量上的分布格局
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-09-19 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0496-9
Leena Virta, Janne Soininen
The species richness and community composition of the diatom communities were studied in the Baltic Sea, Northern Europe, to enhance knowledge about the diversity of these organisms in a brackish water ecosystem. Many organisms in the Baltic Sea have been studied extensively, but studies investigating littoral diatoms are scarce. The goal of this study was to examine the importance of climatic, spatial and water physicochemical variables as drivers of epilithic diatoms in the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia. The variation in species richness was best explained by pH, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. Redundancy Analysis indicated that the most important factors correlating with species composition were air temperature, silicon, total phosphorus, water temperature, salinity and pH. Variation Partitioning showed that the species composition was mostly affected by climatic and spatial variables, whereas physicochemical variables had little impact. However, the strongest factor was the combined influence of climatic, spatial and physicochemical variables. The results suggest that diatom species richness in the northern Baltic Sea is primarily regulated by local factors, while climatic and spatial variables have little impact on richness. Species composition is mostly affected by climatic and spatial variables. We conclude that understanding the distribution patterns of Baltic Sea diatoms requires the inclusion of climatic, spatial and water chemistry variables.
为提高对北欧波罗的海半咸水生态系统中硅藻生物多样性的认识,对其物种丰富度和群落组成进行了研究。人们对波罗的海的许多生物进行了广泛的研究,但对沿海硅藻的研究却很少。本研究的目的是研究气候、空间和水的物理化学变量在芬兰湾和波黑湾的驱动因素中的重要性。pH、全磷和全氮最能解释物种丰富度的变化。冗余分析表明,气温、硅、总磷、水温、盐度和ph是影响物种组成的最重要因子。变异分区表明,物种组成主要受气候和空间变量的影响,而物理化学变量的影响较小。然而,气候、空间和物理化学因素的综合影响是最强的。结果表明,波罗的海北部硅藻物种丰富度主要受局地因子调控,气候和空间变量对丰富度影响不大。物种组成主要受气候和空间变量的影响。我们得出结论,了解波罗的海硅藻的分布模式需要包括气候、空间和水化学变量。
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引用次数: 7
Fatty acid compositions associated with high-light tolerance in the intertidal rhodophytes Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus 潮间带红藻Mastocarpus stellatus和Chondrus crispus耐强光性的脂肪酸组成
4区 地球科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2017-08-02 DOI: 10.1186/s10152-017-0495-x
K. Koch, W. Hagen, M. Graeve, K. Bischof
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Helgoland Marine Research
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