Global Nest Journal最新文献

Microplastics were discovered in soil samples taken from fields in Tamil Nadu, India's Ponneri, Redhills, and Thirumazhisai where the fields had been amended with compost made from biowaste. The soil sample taken from agricultural field in Ponneri had the highest microplastic level, which was determined to be 3.28±0.8 g/kg. The duration of compost addition has a big impact on how microplastics are distributed. When compared to Redhills (5 years’ compost amendment) and Thirumazhisai (3 years’ compost amendment), the agricultural fields of Ponneri had greater microplastic concentration after 8 years of biowaste compost amendment. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the presence of multiple forms of microplastics in the study area, including fragments, fibres, and pellets. SEM research confirmed that the surface topography of microplastics exhibited cavities and cracks as a result of weathering activity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed that polypropylene type microplastic was present in the study area. Additionally, the presence of microplastics in the biowaste compost had no impact on the bacterial population or microbial activity in the soil.

The goal of this work is to evaluate generation estimation and metals recycling potential of retired mobile phones in Philippines. The generation estimation is conducted with the sales&new method and statistic data, such as sales of mobile phones and amount of the subscribers. The result shows that there are 18.11 million of mobile phones retired in 2021, compared 6.31 million in 2010. Accordingly, the deduced lifetime have minimum and maximum value in 2016 and 2011, which is 4.24 and 27.22 years, compared with 9.02 years in 2021. The crosscheck testifies to the veracity of the result in comparison with the actual condition. The metals recycling potentials and dynamic are also calculated with the content and amount of retired mobile phones. The result shows that the metals recycling potentials and dynamic increase with the increasing amount of retired mobile phones in Philippines.

In this study, an attempt is made to understand the effectiveness on initial treatment of coconut shell on the strength of concrete. The coconut shell materials obtained from the agricultural wastes are used as a replacement for coarse aggregate in conventional concrete. From the particle size distribution graph, the CS aggregates follow a similar trend of smooth grain distribution when compared to conventional aggregates. Coconut shell aggregates were treated using different method with the solutions of sodium silicate, calcium hydroxide, polyvinyl alcohol and with heat. Treated coconut shells were tested for water absorption and their resistance to crushing and impact. Water absorption of PVA treated aggregates was reduced from 17.7% to 4.0% portraying the effectiveness of pre-treatment procedure. Compared to the untreated coconut shell aggregates, the impact and crushing values of heat treated ones reduced by 75.8% and 87.8% respectively. Coconut shell concrete specimens were tested for 28-day compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The results of treated coconut shell concrete were compared with untreated coconut shell concrete. Compressive and split tensile strengths of CS concrete also increased with heat treatment whereas the flexural strength improved due to the calcium hydroxide treated aggregates. Micro-structural characterisation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis showed the presence of strong interface between the aggregate particles and concrete.

In this work, copper oxides (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using Abelmoschus esculentus (A. esculentus) leaves extract by hydrothermal method and subsequently employed for degrading recalcitrant pesticide imidacloprid (IMI). The CuO and ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD, HR-SEM and TGA/DTA. The band gap of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles has been calculated to be about 2.23 eV and 3.6 eV respectively. The average size of CuO and ZnO nanoparticles calculated were in the range of 24–33 nm and 18–35 nm respectively which was confirmed by HR-SEM and XRD. The XRD studies indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles have a face-centered cubic structure. Photocatalytic degradation study showed nanoparticles bear a good potential to degrade IMI. The degradation was found to be affected by the IMI concentration (10–70 mg L-1), solution pH (5–11) and photocatalyst dosages (0.1-0.5 g L-1). The optimum experimental conditions (i.e., Photocatalyst dosage = 0.5g, pH = 9, IMI conc. 30 mgL-1 and contact time = 50 min) for the photocatalytic degradation process using CuO and ZnO led to IMI removal of 99% and 81% respectively in 60 min. The pesticide degradation percentage in the case of CuO photocatalyst were outstanding and reached ~99%, while for ZnO photocatalyst it was ~81%. The Kinetic study showed that the degradation of IMI was well foreseen by pseudo-first order kinetic model. For CuO and ZnO photocatalysts the rate constants were 0.028/min and 0.0076/min respectively. The prepared photocatalysts showed excellent water stability and reusability.

Water, a scarce resource that is necessary for the survival of all life on Earth and also for economic, environmental sustainability, and social progress, is becoming increasingly difficult to come by. Recent research analysis revealed that reflector, absorber, and evaporator were the three distinct components of equipment employed in solar stills. These three essential pieces of equipment help the portable water solution's re-mineralization process run smoothly. These three components were used to assess the efficiency and quality of water. The 1x1 m3 specification was used to examine this experiment. Using absorbers, reflectors, and evaporators, this study developed three distinct conceptual stages. The initial phase includes cloth, stone, and waste steel used in the absorber process. Using a reflector, a secondary stage experiment compared using with and without glass. The stepped type absorber with mild steel, plain round, and square fin type trays are all dealt with in the territorial stage of the evaporator process. To assess the improved desalination system, an analysis between an enhanced stepped solar still and a plain stepped solar still is made. It increases the concentration of solar radiation on the water and simultaneously enhances the heat transfer and leads to a 30 % enhancement of efficiency.

This work illustrates the co-composting of Gelatine Industry Sludge (GIS) combined with organic fraction of Slaughter House Waste (SHW) and Rice Straw (RS) employing 10% zeolite mixed with Enriched Nitrifying Bacteria Consortium (ENBC). Five piles of GIS will be prepared and mixed with SHW and RS at 2:1:0.5, 4:1:0.5, 6:1:0.5 and 8:1:0.5 and without GIS 0:1:0.5 (dry weight basis) served as control, while ENBC was inoculated in all piles and Windrow composted for 42 days. After complete the composting process to characterized to determine, Moisture content, Temperature pH, EC, TOC, TKN, P, K, C/N Ratio, Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes as per the standard methods (Indian Standard). To find out the co-variations of the samples, and Least Significant Difference value calculated for each parameter. The reactor 4 with GIS, SHW and RS ratio 8:1:0.5 were reduced the nitrogen loss and co variations is very low. The co amendment of 8% Gelatine Industrial Sludge effectively buffered the pH between 6.5-8, while lower concentration of the Gelation Industrial Sludge was comparatively delayed the early decomposition. Therefore, our results suggested that suitable of initial sample ratio 8:1:0.5 as the best formulation for the composting of gelatine industrial sludge into value added stable product.

The construction industry looks over the material alternatives whereby the conventionally materials can be replaced. The conventionally materials like fine aggregate, cement, as well as coarse aggregate. The replacements for the conventional materials are wider but the waste products and its by-products could be the better alternative. It contributes in recycling the waste and converting into useful products. Other factor to be considered while producing the cement it leaves out lot of polluting factors (CO₂) causes environmental degradation which is in the alarm rate. So, these factors are taken into account while finding the alternative materials to replace the construction materials. One among the industrial waste materials is phosphogypsum, which is till date discarding in the water bodies leads to environmental pollution. In this work phosphogypsum is considered as supplementary cementitious substituent in the concrete. In this study, different amounts of phosphogypsum were mixed with cement to study various qualities of concrete.The outcomes improved by 5 – 10 % with the addition of phosphogypsum, while CO₂ emissions decreased by the same amount. Washing and drying the phosphogypsum increased performance in all mediums. More thorough investigation into the properties of phosphogypsum and the reaction mechanism may lead to a better understanding.

Air pollution monitoring is becoming increasingly important, with an emphasis on the effects on human health. Because nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) are the principal pollutants, many models for forecasting their potential harm have been created. Nonetheless, making precise predictions is nearly impossible. The prediction of air pollution enables researchers to understand how pollution affects human health. Deteriorating air quality can lead to respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and asthma. The effect of pollution on environmental degradation can also be predicted and reductions can be detected in the ozone layer. This study also focuses on and promotes the development of smart city environments by obtaining influential pollutants that affect the air, thereby reducing the source of specific pollutants An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is used as a forecast the pollution and the starling murmuration optimization (SMO) procedure is used to optimise the Artificial Neural Network strictures to achieve a lower forecasting error. Furthermore, in this research work, we used real time dataset as we have used Winsen ZPHS01B sensor module to collect the data, which is stored in cloud platform. After the composed data is used to train and test, after this process we will evaluate the results. To assess the performance of the suggested model. Furthermore, the perfect has been tested using two alternative kinds of input parameters: type as, which contains various lagged values of variables (NO2 and SO2), and type as, which only includes lagged values of the yield variables. The collected findings suggest that the projected model is more precise than existing joint forecasting benchmark models when different network input variables are considered.

The article involves in the process of study on novel plant fiber from agave plant species known as agave decipiens. The fiber was mechanically extracted from their leaves and fiber was chemically treated using sodium hydroxide by 5% (w/v). Using various analyses, the fiber was characterized and its properties were obtained. From chemical constituent analysis it was confirmed that hemicellulose, amorphous lignin, and other impurities were removed to some extent, and using x-ray diffraction (XRD), an improvement in crystallinity index was observed (i.e. from 47.99% to 52.29%). Increased crystallinity provides better tensile stress from 479.302 MPa to 494.172 MPa, which was confirmed by single fiber tensile test. A change in physical diameter was observed using a digital microscope, the outer diameter was reduced to 117.66µm from 121.84µm. Change in chemical components was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Alkaline-treated (AT) fiber sustains a temperature of about 240oC during thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Study on surface morphology was conducted with help of scanning electron microscope (SEM). Concluding that alkaline treatment made some impact on fiber characteristics and made it suitable for reinforcement.

In this study, a batch adsorption process was conducted utilizing Ascophyllum Nodosum biosorbent as an organic adsorbent used for the elimination of heavy metal ions (specifically chromium, nickel, and zinc) from wastewater. To examine the surface morphology and functional groups, the biosorbent underwent analysis using FTIR, SEM & EDX technologies. To understand the nature of the adsorption process, several isothermal studies were conducted. These studies aimed to determine whether the adsorption process was homogeneous or heterogeneous in nature. Furthermore, the physical or chemical nature of the metal ion adsorption on the adsorbent was investigated through kinetic studies. Thermodynamic investigations were also carried out to assess whether the adsorption of metal ions was exothermic or endothermic, as well as to conclude the spontaneity of the process. Notably, the findings indicated that the inclusion of 0.3N HCl resulted in the highest rate of desorption, indicating its effectiveness in releasing the adsorbed metal ions. The AN – Brown Algae adsorbs targeted metal ions (Cr(VI), Ni(II), Zn(II)) at percentage of 93.55%, 87.56% and 83.27% respectively from the synthetic solution under the optimum conditions in batch study.