Kai Sheng, Yanzhong Wang, Yingchang Cao, Shuping Wang, Yongshi Wang, Shuai Ma, Yujie Du
It remains controversial whether the influence of hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs is dominated by dissolution or precipitation. In this study, the influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on the dolomite reservoirs of the Lower Ordovician Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation in the Chengdao-Zhuanghai area was investigated based on petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, with an emphasis on the temporal relationships among dolomitization, pore formation, and multistage hydrothermal fluid activities determined by in situ U-Pb dating. The δ18O, δ13C, and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the genesis of pre-hydrothermal dolomites and the earliest-formed dolomite cement (Cd1) closest to the edges of pores were related to coeval seawater. The U-Pb age of pre-hydrothermal dolomites is 427 ± 11 Ma, representing the time when early dolomitization occurred. The original pore formation predates the precipitation of Cd1 with a U-Pb age of 391 ± 12 Ma. Stage I and stage II hydrothermal fluids were derived from the Precambrian basement and the mantle, respectively, as evidenced by differences in δ18Ofluid values and rare earth element characteristics. Stage I and II hydrothermal fluids occurred at 161 ± 12 Ma and 81 ± 16 Ma, respectively. Therefore, early dolomitization and pore formation are not correlated with the two stages of hydrothermal fluids. Stage II hydrothermal fluids contained a relatively higher amount of H2S than stage I hydrothermal fluids. H2S-related dissolution caused by stage II hydrothermal fluids mainly occurred in the dolomite reservoirs adjacent to major faults, and H2S was gradually consumed as the distance from the major faults increased. The two stages of hydrothermal minerals successively filled most of the spaces in pores and fractures. The influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs was found to be dominated by precipitation.
{"title":"Influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs: A case study from the Lower Ordovician Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation in the Chengdao-Zhuanghai area, Jiyang subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin, China","authors":"Kai Sheng, Yanzhong Wang, Yingchang Cao, Shuping Wang, Yongshi Wang, Shuai Ma, Yujie Du","doi":"10.1130/b37150.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b37150.1","url":null,"abstract":"It remains controversial whether the influence of hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs is dominated by dissolution or precipitation. In this study, the influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on the dolomite reservoirs of the Lower Ordovician Yeli-Liangjiashan Formation in the Chengdao-Zhuanghai area was investigated based on petrographic observations and geochemical analyses, with an emphasis on the temporal relationships among dolomitization, pore formation, and multistage hydrothermal fluid activities determined by in situ U-Pb dating. The δ18O, δ13C, and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the genesis of pre-hydrothermal dolomites and the earliest-formed dolomite cement (Cd1) closest to the edges of pores were related to coeval seawater. The U-Pb age of pre-hydrothermal dolomites is 427 ± 11 Ma, representing the time when early dolomitization occurred. The original pore formation predates the precipitation of Cd1 with a U-Pb age of 391 ± 12 Ma. Stage I and stage II hydrothermal fluids were derived from the Precambrian basement and the mantle, respectively, as evidenced by differences in δ18Ofluid values and rare earth element characteristics. Stage I and II hydrothermal fluids occurred at 161 ± 12 Ma and 81 ± 16 Ma, respectively. Therefore, early dolomitization and pore formation are not correlated with the two stages of hydrothermal fluids. Stage II hydrothermal fluids contained a relatively higher amount of H2S than stage I hydrothermal fluids. H2S-related dissolution caused by stage II hydrothermal fluids mainly occurred in the dolomite reservoirs adjacent to major faults, and H2S was gradually consumed as the distance from the major faults increased. The two stages of hydrothermal minerals successively filled most of the spaces in pores and fractures. The influence of multistage hydrothermal fluids on dolomite reservoirs was found to be dominated by precipitation.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Precambrian Southern Granulite terrane of south India has a crustal evolution history broadly bracketed between the late Archean and Cambrian with records of polyphase deformation, metamorphism, and magmatism. The Southern Granulite terrane comprises distinct crustal blocks bounded by shear/suture zones that have been variably correlated with supercontinent fragments including Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Africa, Eastern Ghats, and Antarctica. However, the timing and mechanism of assembly of different crustal blocks within the Southern Granulite terrane and its linkages with counterparts in East Gondwana are highly debated. This study aimed to unravel the complex crustal evolutionary pattern of the terrane by generating robust zircon U-Pb/Hf isotopic data from basement charnockites, gneisses, granitoids, and alkaline intrusive units from the central part of Southern Granulite terrane and comparing these results with similar data from different East Gondwanan terranes. The study identified four distinct crustal growth episodes in the Madurai block: (1) Neoarchean−early Paleoproterozoic, (2) Rhyacian−Orosirian, (3) late Tonian, and (4) Ediacaran−Cambrian. Analysis of zircon Hf isotope data revealed that the first two events are marked by juvenile magmatic signatures, whereas the latter two are distinctly associated with intense reworking and remelting of older crust with no significant juvenile input. Our new results combined with existing data from other Gondwanan terranes suggest a common Paleoproterozoic ancestry for the Southern Granulite terrane and its corresponding Gondwanan fragments, proposing a revision to the existing geodynamic models.
{"title":"Tracing the crustal evolution of the Precambrian Southern Granulite terrane in East Gondwana: New insights from zircon U-Pb/Hf geochronology","authors":"J.K. Tomson, J. Amal Dev","doi":"10.1130/b36777.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36777.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Precambrian Southern Granulite terrane of south India has a crustal evolution history broadly bracketed between the late Archean and Cambrian with records of polyphase deformation, metamorphism, and magmatism. The Southern Granulite terrane comprises distinct crustal blocks bounded by shear/suture zones that have been variably correlated with supercontinent fragments including Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Africa, Eastern Ghats, and Antarctica. However, the timing and mechanism of assembly of different crustal blocks within the Southern Granulite terrane and its linkages with counterparts in East Gondwana are highly debated. This study aimed to unravel the complex crustal evolutionary pattern of the terrane by generating robust zircon U-Pb/Hf isotopic data from basement charnockites, gneisses, granitoids, and alkaline intrusive units from the central part of Southern Granulite terrane and comparing these results with similar data from different East Gondwanan terranes. The study identified four distinct crustal growth episodes in the Madurai block: (1) Neoarchean−early Paleoproterozoic, (2) Rhyacian−Orosirian, (3) late Tonian, and (4) Ediacaran−Cambrian. Analysis of zircon Hf isotope data revealed that the first two events are marked by juvenile magmatic signatures, whereas the latter two are distinctly associated with intense reworking and remelting of older crust with no significant juvenile input. Our new results combined with existing data from other Gondwanan terranes suggest a common Paleoproterozoic ancestry for the Southern Granulite terrane and its corresponding Gondwanan fragments, proposing a revision to the existing geodynamic models.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changhong Wang, Zhaochong Zhang, Andrea Giuliani, Hongze Bo, Lukáš Krmíček, Xiaoguang Li
Water is known to play a crucial role in the generation of many large igneous provinces (LIP) worldwide, but the amount and origin of the water in their sources is still under debate. To address this question, this paper presents in situ major-, trace-element, and Sr isotope data coupled with bulk-mineral O-H-He isotope analyses of amphibole in a suite of aillikites from the Tarim LIP (NW China). The cores of zoned macrocrysts and microcrysts display partially overlapping compositions ranging between edenite and pargasite (75−83 versus 75−80 Mg#), which suggest a common origin from an evolving magma. The rims (Mg# = 75−80) of both macrocrysts and microcrysts are very similar to their cores for many elements, except for higher Sr and Ba contents. All the amphibole zones show similar primitive mantle−normalized trace element patterns, suggesting that they crystallized at different stages during magmatic evolution. This interpretation is confirmed by the homogenous Sr isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.70298−0.70394) of these amphiboles, which overlap with those of magmatic apatites and perovskites in these aillikites. The hydrogen isotope compositions (δD = −120‰ to −140‰) of the amphiboles are significantly lower than average mantle values. Given the low water contents (<0.66 wt%) of these minerals, the low H isotope signatures of the amphiboles might be caused by variable H2O loss during magma ascent. However, open-system Rayleigh fractionation modeling suggests that the hydrogen isotope compositions of these amphibole phenocrysts cannot be fully reproduced by crystallization following magmatic degassing. These low δD values require incorporation of recycled altered oceanic crust containing hydrous components in the plume source of these aillikites, which is consistent with the previously published moderately radiogenic He isotope ratios of olivine separates and bulk-rock Os and Pb isotope data for these same samples. We conclude that water in these magmas was derived from a plume source containing recycled water-bearing oceanic crust.
{"title":"Water contents and hydrogen isotope compositions of amphibole in aillikites from the Tarim large igneous province, NW China: Insight into Earth’s deep water cycle","authors":"Changhong Wang, Zhaochong Zhang, Andrea Giuliani, Hongze Bo, Lukáš Krmíček, Xiaoguang Li","doi":"10.1130/b36906.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36906.1","url":null,"abstract":"Water is known to play a crucial role in the generation of many large igneous provinces (LIP) worldwide, but the amount and origin of the water in their sources is still under debate. To address this question, this paper presents in situ major-, trace-element, and Sr isotope data coupled with bulk-mineral O-H-He isotope analyses of amphibole in a suite of aillikites from the Tarim LIP (NW China). The cores of zoned macrocrysts and microcrysts display partially overlapping compositions ranging between edenite and pargasite (75−83 versus 75−80 Mg#), which suggest a common origin from an evolving magma. The rims (Mg# = 75−80) of both macrocrysts and microcrysts are very similar to their cores for many elements, except for higher Sr and Ba contents. All the amphibole zones show similar primitive mantle−normalized trace element patterns, suggesting that they crystallized at different stages during magmatic evolution. This interpretation is confirmed by the homogenous Sr isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.70298−0.70394) of these amphiboles, which overlap with those of magmatic apatites and perovskites in these aillikites. The hydrogen isotope compositions (δD = −120‰ to −140‰) of the amphiboles are significantly lower than average mantle values. Given the low water contents (&lt;0.66 wt%) of these minerals, the low H isotope signatures of the amphiboles might be caused by variable H2O loss during magma ascent. However, open-system Rayleigh fractionation modeling suggests that the hydrogen isotope compositions of these amphibole phenocrysts cannot be fully reproduced by crystallization following magmatic degassing. These low δD values require incorporation of recycled altered oceanic crust containing hydrous components in the plume source of these aillikites, which is consistent with the previously published moderately radiogenic He isotope ratios of olivine separates and bulk-rock Os and Pb isotope data for these same samples. We conclude that water in these magmas was derived from a plume source containing recycled water-bearing oceanic crust.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136306442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew G. Braun, Alyssa M. Bancroft, Nicholas J. Hogancamp, Brittany M. Stolfus, Megan N. Heath, Ryan J. Clark, Stephanie Tassier-Surine, James E. Day, Bradley D. Cramer
The tristate area of Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri contains some of the best-exposed Mississippian strata in the world, including the type area for the Mississippian subsystem, across a broad carbonate platform known as the Burlington shelf. Strata have been mapped as thinnest along the central middle shelf and thickening both up-ramp and down-ramp, forming a complex dumbbell-like stratigraphic pattern rather than a simple clinoform geometry thinning into the basin. Additionally, two significant hiatuses at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary greatly complicate stratigraphic correlations across the region. As a result, the precise temporal relationships between strata deposited across the region remain uncertain. Two large biogeochemical events occurred during this interval that provide facies-independent chronostratigraphic tools: the Hangenberg event, which marks the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, and the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary event. To target these events, we collected 66 conodont samples and 1005 carbonate carbon isotope samples from three cores and three outcrops and integrated the results with existing data from key facies/depth transitions across the Burlington shelf. Our new data demonstrate a complex relationship among complementary stratigraphic thicknesses, where the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary interval is thin or absent in the up-ramp inner-shelf setting and preserved in a significantly expanded interval in the central to distal middle-shelf deposits of southeast Iowa and northeast Missouri. However, the overlying Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary interval is not preserved in this down-ramp setting but is preserved in significantly expanded strata in the up-ramp inner-shelf setting of central Iowa.
{"title":"Resolving complex stratigraphic architecture across the Burlington shelf and identifying the Devonian-Carboniferous (Hangenberg) and Kinderhookian-Osagean (Tournaisian) boundary biogeochemical events in the type area of the Mississippian subsystem","authors":"Matthew G. Braun, Alyssa M. Bancroft, Nicholas J. Hogancamp, Brittany M. Stolfus, Megan N. Heath, Ryan J. Clark, Stephanie Tassier-Surine, James E. Day, Bradley D. Cramer","doi":"10.1130/b36974.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36974.1","url":null,"abstract":"The tristate area of Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri contains some of the best-exposed Mississippian strata in the world, including the type area for the Mississippian subsystem, across a broad carbonate platform known as the Burlington shelf. Strata have been mapped as thinnest along the central middle shelf and thickening both up-ramp and down-ramp, forming a complex dumbbell-like stratigraphic pattern rather than a simple clinoform geometry thinning into the basin. Additionally, two significant hiatuses at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary and Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary greatly complicate stratigraphic correlations across the region. As a result, the precise temporal relationships between strata deposited across the region remain uncertain. Two large biogeochemical events occurred during this interval that provide facies-independent chronostratigraphic tools: the Hangenberg event, which marks the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, and the Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary event. To target these events, we collected 66 conodont samples and 1005 carbonate carbon isotope samples from three cores and three outcrops and integrated the results with existing data from key facies/depth transitions across the Burlington shelf. Our new data demonstrate a complex relationship among complementary stratigraphic thicknesses, where the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary interval is thin or absent in the up-ramp inner-shelf setting and preserved in a significantly expanded interval in the central to distal middle-shelf deposits of southeast Iowa and northeast Missouri. However, the overlying Kinderhookian-Osagean boundary interval is not preserved in this down-ramp setting but is preserved in significantly expanded strata in the up-ramp inner-shelf setting of central Iowa.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Detrital zircon provenance analysis plays a key role in reconstructions of past tectonic and sedimentary environments. However, non-unique (or even erroneous) interpretations can be introduced due to the inherent limitations of both zircon provenance analysis (fertility bias, recycling) and those of single-proxy provenance systems in general. Apatite crystallizes in a wider range of lithologies than zircon, and can thus facilitate more detailed source reconstructions. In this study, detrital apatite analysis of Cryogenian to Ordovician sandstones in the Cathaysia Block was carried out in comparison with detrital zircon data for a better understanding of the source-sink process on the northern margin of Gondwana. In contrast to the abundant Grenvillian (1300−900 Ma) detrital zircons of igneous origin, detrital apatites show major Pan-African (650−500 Ma) age peaks that are mostly derived from metamorphic rocks (52%−72%). The apatite data show that the Cathaysia Block mainly received detritus from western Australia and India during the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic, with much lower affinities to East Antarctica and the terranes of Iran-Turkey. Provenance variations include a shift with time in the major age populations from ca. 900 Ma to 600 Ma with a decrease in metamorphic apatite (from 72% to 52% of all grains) in the late Cryogenian, an increase in high-grade metamorphic apatite (from 27% to 56%) in the late Ediacaran−Cambrian, and an increase in igneous apatite (from 33% to 45% of all grains) in the Early Ordovician. In contrast, detrital zircon data could only reveal the source change in the late Ediacaran. These provenance switches were likely caused by the unroofing of Pan-African orogens (640−490 Ma) and subsequent erosion of their exposed cores, due to the rapid uplift of source rocks formed in the Pan-African orogens during the Gondwana assembly.
{"title":"Paleogeographical reconstruction of the South China Block during Gondwana assembly using detrital apatite: Pan-African source affinity concealed by detrital zircon","authors":"Er-Kun Xue, David Chew, Foteini Drakou, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1130/b36988.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36988.1","url":null,"abstract":"Detrital zircon provenance analysis plays a key role in reconstructions of past tectonic and sedimentary environments. However, non-unique (or even erroneous) interpretations can be introduced due to the inherent limitations of both zircon provenance analysis (fertility bias, recycling) and those of single-proxy provenance systems in general. Apatite crystallizes in a wider range of lithologies than zircon, and can thus facilitate more detailed source reconstructions. In this study, detrital apatite analysis of Cryogenian to Ordovician sandstones in the Cathaysia Block was carried out in comparison with detrital zircon data for a better understanding of the source-sink process on the northern margin of Gondwana. In contrast to the abundant Grenvillian (1300−900 Ma) detrital zircons of igneous origin, detrital apatites show major Pan-African (650−500 Ma) age peaks that are mostly derived from metamorphic rocks (52%−72%). The apatite data show that the Cathaysia Block mainly received detritus from western Australia and India during the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic, with much lower affinities to East Antarctica and the terranes of Iran-Turkey. Provenance variations include a shift with time in the major age populations from ca. 900 Ma to 600 Ma with a decrease in metamorphic apatite (from 72% to 52% of all grains) in the late Cryogenian, an increase in high-grade metamorphic apatite (from 27% to 56%) in the late Ediacaran−Cambrian, and an increase in igneous apatite (from 33% to 45% of all grains) in the Early Ordovician. In contrast, detrital zircon data could only reveal the source change in the late Ediacaran. These provenance switches were likely caused by the unroofing of Pan-African orogens (640−490 Ma) and subsequent erosion of their exposed cores, due to the rapid uplift of source rocks formed in the Pan-African orogens during the Gondwana assembly.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Chen, Hans-Peter Schertl, Christian Chopin, Chenggui Lin, Hao Lin, Haiquan Li, Junleng Lv, Elke Ursula Nowlan
Sparse eclogite exposure in accretionary-to-collisional orogens cannot only reveal the sites of ancient subduction zones and plate boundaries, but also elucidate the multi-stage tectonic evolution in the Wilson cycle. The southern part of the Dora-Maira Massif in the Western Alps is well known for its ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks and contains small occurrences of petrographically distinct types of eclogite. Due to the lack of detailed geochronological and geochemical data on these rocks, the nature of their protolith and related geodynamic setting has remained unknown. In the current study, 33 samples from 13 localities were studied by whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, and a selection of the samples were studied using Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, as well as high-resolution elemental mapping and U-Pb geochronology of zircon. According to macroscopic appearance, petrography, chemical composition, and principal-component analysis of multi-elements, two major types are distinguished. Light-colored eclogite is phengite-rich, commonly foliated, bears kyanite and quartz/coesite, shows relatively high MgO, K2O, SiO2, εNd(t) (−2.2 to +1.4), and εHf(t) (+3.5 to +7), with a protolith geochemically similar to an enriched-type mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (E-MORB). Dark eclogite generally is massive, rutile-rich, shows higher values of Ti, Fe, P, Nb, and Zr, εNd(t) values between −2.8 and −0.8, εHf(t) values between −6.1 and −3.2, with an oceanic island basalt (OIB)-type protolith composition. Magmatic zircon cores, which are characterized by steep heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns and negative Eu anomalies, yield consistent protolith ages of ca. 253−252 Ma in both eclogite types. Metamorphic zircon domains with flat HREE patterns and insignificant Eu anomalies yield a younger mean age of ca. 34 Ma, which is the age commonly assigned to eclogite-facies UHP metamorphism. Considering the various geochemical signatures of E-MORB- to OIB-like eclogites and the regional tectonic evolution, their protolith is best explained as rocks, which crystallized from rift-related basaltic magma, associated with the break-up of the Pangea Supercontinent that eventually resulted in the birth of the Piemonte-Liguria Ocean (Alpine Tethys Ocean) between the future Eurasia and Adria plates. Therefore, the UHP eclogites in the Dora-Maira Massif likely fingerprint a multi-stage tectonic evolution from divergent (continental extension, rifting) to convergent (subduction zone) plate boundary, corresponding to the beginning and end of a Wilson cycle. Incidentally, they reveal that mafic rocks in the Alpine basement units may not be polymetamorphic, but may actually consist of post-Variscan products that underwent only Alpine metamorphism.
{"title":"From divergent to convergent plate boundary: A ca. 200 Ma Wilson cycle recorded by ultrahigh-pressure eclogites in the Dora-Maira Massif, Western Alps","authors":"Xin Chen, Hans-Peter Schertl, Christian Chopin, Chenggui Lin, Hao Lin, Haiquan Li, Junleng Lv, Elke Ursula Nowlan","doi":"10.1130/b37045.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b37045.1","url":null,"abstract":"Sparse eclogite exposure in accretionary-to-collisional orogens cannot only reveal the sites of ancient subduction zones and plate boundaries, but also elucidate the multi-stage tectonic evolution in the Wilson cycle. The southern part of the Dora-Maira Massif in the Western Alps is well known for its ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks and contains small occurrences of petrographically distinct types of eclogite. Due to the lack of detailed geochronological and geochemical data on these rocks, the nature of their protolith and related geodynamic setting has remained unknown. In the current study, 33 samples from 13 localities were studied by whole-rock major- and trace-element analysis, and a selection of the samples were studied using Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, as well as high-resolution elemental mapping and U-Pb geochronology of zircon. According to macroscopic appearance, petrography, chemical composition, and principal-component analysis of multi-elements, two major types are distinguished. Light-colored eclogite is phengite-rich, commonly foliated, bears kyanite and quartz/coesite, shows relatively high MgO, K2O, SiO2, εNd(t) (−2.2 to +1.4), and εHf(t) (+3.5 to +7), with a protolith geochemically similar to an enriched-type mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (E-MORB). Dark eclogite generally is massive, rutile-rich, shows higher values of Ti, Fe, P, Nb, and Zr, εNd(t) values between −2.8 and −0.8, εHf(t) values between −6.1 and −3.2, with an oceanic island basalt (OIB)-type protolith composition. Magmatic zircon cores, which are characterized by steep heavy rare earth element (HREE) patterns and negative Eu anomalies, yield consistent protolith ages of ca. 253−252 Ma in both eclogite types. Metamorphic zircon domains with flat HREE patterns and insignificant Eu anomalies yield a younger mean age of ca. 34 Ma, which is the age commonly assigned to eclogite-facies UHP metamorphism. Considering the various geochemical signatures of E-MORB- to OIB-like eclogites and the regional tectonic evolution, their protolith is best explained as rocks, which crystallized from rift-related basaltic magma, associated with the break-up of the Pangea Supercontinent that eventually resulted in the birth of the Piemonte-Liguria Ocean (Alpine Tethys Ocean) between the future Eurasia and Adria plates. Therefore, the UHP eclogites in the Dora-Maira Massif likely fingerprint a multi-stage tectonic evolution from divergent (continental extension, rifting) to convergent (subduction zone) plate boundary, corresponding to the beginning and end of a Wilson cycle. Incidentally, they reveal that mafic rocks in the Alpine basement units may not be polymetamorphic, but may actually consist of post-Variscan products that underwent only Alpine metamorphism.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean H. Bédard, Keith Dewing, Stephen E. Grasby, Peter Nabelek, Thea Hatlen Heimdal, Chris Yakymchuk, Sean R. Shieh, Justin Rumney, Frances M. Deegan, Valentin R. Troll
Many continental large igneous provinces coincide with climate perturbations and mass extinctions. When basaltic plumbing systems traverse carbon-rich sedimentary rocks, large volumes of greenhouse gases may be generated. We document how intrusive sills of the Mesozoic High Arctic Large Igneous Province affected surrounding fine-grained, organic-rich siliciclastic rocks of the Sverdrup Basin in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction data from samples located near sills show the presence of high-temperature metamorphic phases (diopside, andalusite, garnet, and cordierite). Raman thermometry on organic matter yields peak temperatures of 385−400 °C near sill contacts, tailing off to far-field temperatures of ≤230 °C. Samples located >20 m from sills show no systematic change in vitrinite reflectance and have a VRo eq% value of ∼2.5%, which indicates a temperature of ∼210 °C. The finite element thermal modeling tool SUTRAHEAT was applied to the 17-m-thick Hare Sill, emplaced at 3 km depth at 1105 °C. SUTRAHEAT results show that contact-proximal rocks attain temperatures of >700 °C for a brief period (∼1 year). By 5 years, the Hare Sill is completely solidified (<730 °C), and the temperature anomaly collapses rapidly thereafter as the thermal pulse propagates outward. By 10 years, all rocks within 10 m of the Hare Sill are between 450 °C and 400 °C, rocks at 20 m from the contact attain 200 °C, yet far-field temperatures (>50 m) have barely changed. When multiple sills are emplaced between 4 km and 6 km depth, all rocks between sills reach ∼250 °C after 100 years, showing that it is possible to raise regional-scale background temperatures by ∼150 °C for the observed High Arctic Large Igneous Province sill density. Vitrinite reflectance data and pyrolysis results, together with SILLi thermal modeling, indicate that much of the hydrocarbon-generating potential was eliminated by High Arctic Large Igneous Province intrusions. The SILLi model yields ∼20 tonnes/m2 of organic equivalent CO2 (all carbon gas is reported as CO2) from the Hare Sill alone when emplaced into Murray Harbour Formation rocks with 5.7 wt% organic carbon, and ∼226 tonnes/m2 by emplacement of multiple sills throughout the 2-km-thick Blaa Mountain Group with 3 wt% organic carbon. On a basin scale, this yields a total of ∼2550 Gt CO2 from the Hare Sill, with ∼13,000 Gt CO2 being generated by the multiple sill scenario, similar to estimates from other large igneous provinces. Much of the Blaa Mountain Group rocks now have organic carbon contents of <1 wt%, which is consistent with large volumes of carbon-species gas having been generated, likely a mixture of CO2, CH4, and other species. However, organic-rich Murray Harbour Formation rocks show no obvious reduction in organic carbon content toward the Hare Sill intrusive contacts, which suggests that not all of the carbon was lost from the sedimentary package hosting High Arcti
{"title":"Basaltic sills emplaced in organic-rich sedimentary rocks: Consequences for organic matter maturation and Cretaceous paleo-climate","authors":"Jean H. Bédard, Keith Dewing, Stephen E. Grasby, Peter Nabelek, Thea Hatlen Heimdal, Chris Yakymchuk, Sean R. Shieh, Justin Rumney, Frances M. Deegan, Valentin R. Troll","doi":"10.1130/b36982.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36982.1","url":null,"abstract":"Many continental large igneous provinces coincide with climate perturbations and mass extinctions. When basaltic plumbing systems traverse carbon-rich sedimentary rocks, large volumes of greenhouse gases may be generated. We document how intrusive sills of the Mesozoic High Arctic Large Igneous Province affected surrounding fine-grained, organic-rich siliciclastic rocks of the Sverdrup Basin in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Petrographic and X-ray diffraction data from samples located near sills show the presence of high-temperature metamorphic phases (diopside, andalusite, garnet, and cordierite). Raman thermometry on organic matter yields peak temperatures of 385−400 °C near sill contacts, tailing off to far-field temperatures of ≤230 °C. Samples located &gt;20 m from sills show no systematic change in vitrinite reflectance and have a VRo eq% value of ∼2.5%, which indicates a temperature of ∼210 °C. The finite element thermal modeling tool SUTRAHEAT was applied to the 17-m-thick Hare Sill, emplaced at 3 km depth at 1105 °C. SUTRAHEAT results show that contact-proximal rocks attain temperatures of &gt;700 °C for a brief period (∼1 year). By 5 years, the Hare Sill is completely solidified (&lt;730 °C), and the temperature anomaly collapses rapidly thereafter as the thermal pulse propagates outward. By 10 years, all rocks within 10 m of the Hare Sill are between 450 °C and 400 °C, rocks at 20 m from the contact attain 200 °C, yet far-field temperatures (&gt;50 m) have barely changed. When multiple sills are emplaced between 4 km and 6 km depth, all rocks between sills reach ∼250 °C after 100 years, showing that it is possible to raise regional-scale background temperatures by ∼150 °C for the observed High Arctic Large Igneous Province sill density. Vitrinite reflectance data and pyrolysis results, together with SILLi thermal modeling, indicate that much of the hydrocarbon-generating potential was eliminated by High Arctic Large Igneous Province intrusions. The SILLi model yields ∼20 tonnes/m2 of organic equivalent CO2 (all carbon gas is reported as CO2) from the Hare Sill alone when emplaced into Murray Harbour Formation rocks with 5.7 wt% organic carbon, and ∼226 tonnes/m2 by emplacement of multiple sills throughout the 2-km-thick Blaa Mountain Group with 3 wt% organic carbon. On a basin scale, this yields a total of ∼2550 Gt CO2 from the Hare Sill, with ∼13,000 Gt CO2 being generated by the multiple sill scenario, similar to estimates from other large igneous provinces. Much of the Blaa Mountain Group rocks now have organic carbon contents of &lt;1 wt%, which is consistent with large volumes of carbon-species gas having been generated, likely a mixture of CO2, CH4, and other species. However, organic-rich Murray Harbour Formation rocks show no obvious reduction in organic carbon content toward the Hare Sill intrusive contacts, which suggests that not all of the carbon was lost from the sedimentary package hosting High Arcti","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135734530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David P. Dethier, Matthias Leopold, Jörg Völkel, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Andrew Murray, Robert E. Nelson, Richard Madole, Lee B. Corbett, Paul Bierman, Joseph Rosenbaum
Glacial and periglacial sediments and landforms record the chronology of glaciation and amount of Pleistocene erosion during colder periods that added substantially to global sediment budgets and contributed to the global CO2 cycle. The now-drained glacial Lake Devlin, dammed in a Front Range tributary valley by a glacier in the North Branch of Boulder Creek (Colorado, USA) preserves an important sedimentary archive of the ca. 32−14 ka Pinedale glaciation, recording both paleoclimate information and an integrated measure of glacial and periglacial erosion rates over a full glacial cycle. Despite rapid erosion of fine-grained deposits after the lake drained, most sediment generated during Pinedale time remains as legacy deposits in the catchment. Geomorphic evidence and dating of glaciolacustrine sediment from surface exposures demonstrate that the ca. 30 ka Pinedale glacial advance was nearly as extensive as the local Late Glacial Maximum at ca. 20 ka. Sedimentary archives dated by 14C, optically stimulated luminescence, and cosmogenic nuclides extend earlier studies (Madole et al., 1973) of pollen and magnetic susceptibility (MS) in cores from the glaciolacustrine deposits of Lake Devlin and of Pinedale climate. Records suggest short-term warming and biotic change at ca. 15 ka after ∼14 kyr of cold, dry conditions punctuated by MS peaks at ca. 26.5 ka, 20 ka, and 16.5 ka. Lake Devlin drained catastrophically after ca. 14 ka, millennia after ice had retreated upvalley from the lateral moraine that dammed the lake. Sediment production during the Pinedale was equivalent to a periglacial and glacial erosion rate of ∼70 mm kyr−1, several times higher than long-term rates in the adjacent Front Range, but much lower than rates measured where modern glaciers are eroding weak bedrock in zones of rapid rock uplift, such as SSE Alaska, USA. Data from the Lake Devlin basin contribute to contemporary discussions of how glacial erosion influences the global CO2 cycle.
冰川和冰缘沉积物和地貌记录了较冷时期的冰川年代学和更新世侵蚀量，这大大增加了全球沉积物收支并促进了全球二氧化碳循环。位于美国科罗拉多州博尔德溪北支流的德芙林冰川湖保存了约32 - 14 ka Pinedale冰川时期的重要沉积档案，记录了古气候信息以及整个冰川循环期间冰川和冰周侵蚀速率的综合测量。尽管在湖泊干涸后，细粒沉积物被迅速侵蚀，但派恩代尔时期产生的大部分沉积物仍作为遗留沉积物留在集水区。地表暴露的冰川湖盆沉积物的地貌证据和年代测定表明，大约30 ka的Pinedale冰川推进与大约20 ka的当地晚冰期极大期几乎一样广泛。14C年代的沉积档案、光学激发发光和宇宙成因核素扩展了早期(Madole et al.， 1973)对Devlin湖冰川湖盆沉积和Pinedale气候的岩心花粉和磁化率(MS)的研究。记录表明，在大约14 kyr的寒冷、干燥条件后，大约15 ka出现了短期变暖和生物变化，并在大约26.5 ka、20 ka和16.5 ka出现MS峰值。德夫林湖在大约14ka后灾难性地干涸了，这是在冰从阻塞湖泊的侧冰碛上向山谷上游撤退几千年后。Pinedale期间的沉积物生成相当于冰周和冰川侵蚀速率约70 mm kyr−1，比邻近的Front Range的长期速率高几倍，但远低于在快速岩石隆起带现代冰川侵蚀脆弱基岩的地方测量到的速率，如美国阿拉斯加SSE。来自德夫林湖盆地的数据有助于当代关于冰川侵蚀如何影响全球二氧化碳循环的讨论。
{"title":"Chronology and erosion rate of the Pinedale glaciation, Colorado Front Range (USA), inferred from the sedimentary record of glacial Lake Devlin","authors":"David P. Dethier, Matthias Leopold, Jörg Völkel, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Andrew Murray, Robert E. Nelson, Richard Madole, Lee B. Corbett, Paul Bierman, Joseph Rosenbaum","doi":"10.1130/b36971.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36971.1","url":null,"abstract":"Glacial and periglacial sediments and landforms record the chronology of glaciation and amount of Pleistocene erosion during colder periods that added substantially to global sediment budgets and contributed to the global CO2 cycle. The now-drained glacial Lake Devlin, dammed in a Front Range tributary valley by a glacier in the North Branch of Boulder Creek (Colorado, USA) preserves an important sedimentary archive of the ca. 32−14 ka Pinedale glaciation, recording both paleoclimate information and an integrated measure of glacial and periglacial erosion rates over a full glacial cycle. Despite rapid erosion of fine-grained deposits after the lake drained, most sediment generated during Pinedale time remains as legacy deposits in the catchment. Geomorphic evidence and dating of glaciolacustrine sediment from surface exposures demonstrate that the ca. 30 ka Pinedale glacial advance was nearly as extensive as the local Late Glacial Maximum at ca. 20 ka. Sedimentary archives dated by 14C, optically stimulated luminescence, and cosmogenic nuclides extend earlier studies (Madole et al., 1973) of pollen and magnetic susceptibility (MS) in cores from the glaciolacustrine deposits of Lake Devlin and of Pinedale climate. Records suggest short-term warming and biotic change at ca. 15 ka after ∼14 kyr of cold, dry conditions punctuated by MS peaks at ca. 26.5 ka, 20 ka, and 16.5 ka. Lake Devlin drained catastrophically after ca. 14 ka, millennia after ice had retreated upvalley from the lateral moraine that dammed the lake. Sediment production during the Pinedale was equivalent to a periglacial and glacial erosion rate of ∼70 mm kyr−1, several times higher than long-term rates in the adjacent Front Range, but much lower than rates measured where modern glaciers are eroding weak bedrock in zones of rapid rock uplift, such as SSE Alaska, USA. Data from the Lake Devlin basin contribute to contemporary discussions of how glacial erosion influences the global CO2 cycle.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The petrogenesis of Nb-enriched basalts (NEBs) is controversial. NEBs are generally considered to form by melting of either a mixed enriched and depleted mantle source or a mantle wedge metasomatized by adakitic melts. Here we present geochronological, petrological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Os isotope data for Early Permian volcanic rocks from the Tuotuohe area in the northern Qiangtang Terrane, China. The studied volcanic rocks can be divided into two groups: arc basalts and basaltic andesites in the lower sequence and NEBs in the upper sequence. Zircon grains from one basaltic andesite sample in the lower sequence yielded a concordia age of 302.0 ± 1.1 Ma. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the NEBs were derived from a mixed source consisting of enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB)- to oceanic-island basalt-like ambient mantle and slab-derived fluids, whereas the arc basalts and basaltic andesites originated from a source made of the MORB-type ambient mantle modified by slab-derived melts. We propose for the first time that the Nb enrichment of the NEBs was most likely inherited from high-Nb ambient mantle and is independent of the addition of slab-derived components. In addition to slab-derived components, the nature of the ambient mantle is also an important factor controlling the diversity of arc magmatism. Our new findings show that the Late Carboniferous−Early Permian magmatism in the northern Qiangtang Terrane was related to northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, suggesting that subduction might have occurred in at least the Early Permian rather than in the previously thought Middle Permian.
{"title":"Coexisting Nb-enriched basalts and arc volcanic rocks in the northern Qiangtang Terrane, China: Implications for the effects of ambient mantle on subduction zone magmatism","authors":"Ze Zhang, Sheng-Sheng Chen, Da-Wei Sun, Sen Gao","doi":"10.1130/b36847.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36847.1","url":null,"abstract":"The petrogenesis of Nb-enriched basalts (NEBs) is controversial. NEBs are generally considered to form by melting of either a mixed enriched and depleted mantle source or a mantle wedge metasomatized by adakitic melts. Here we present geochronological, petrological, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Os isotope data for Early Permian volcanic rocks from the Tuotuohe area in the northern Qiangtang Terrane, China. The studied volcanic rocks can be divided into two groups: arc basalts and basaltic andesites in the lower sequence and NEBs in the upper sequence. Zircon grains from one basaltic andesite sample in the lower sequence yielded a concordia age of 302.0 ± 1.1 Ma. The geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that the NEBs were derived from a mixed source consisting of enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalts (MORB)- to oceanic-island basalt-like ambient mantle and slab-derived fluids, whereas the arc basalts and basaltic andesites originated from a source made of the MORB-type ambient mantle modified by slab-derived melts. We propose for the first time that the Nb enrichment of the NEBs was most likely inherited from high-Nb ambient mantle and is independent of the addition of slab-derived components. In addition to slab-derived components, the nature of the ambient mantle is also an important factor controlling the diversity of arc magmatism. Our new findings show that the Late Carboniferous−Early Permian magmatism in the northern Qiangtang Terrane was related to northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, suggesting that subduction might have occurred in at least the Early Permian rather than in the previously thought Middle Permian.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies have revealed the key role of deep-seated, ore-forming fluids and metals in the generation of the Early Cretaceous large-scale gold deposits in the Jiaodong gold province of eastern China. However, how the ore-forming materials were transported to shallow crustal levels remains unclear. Here, we investigate trace elements and sulfur isotopes of pyrite within mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) of Gushan granite to evaluate the role of the syn-mineralization of mafic enclaves in the transportation of ore-forming materials. Zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating indicate that the magmatic-hydrothermal event in the potassic-altered Gushan granite occurred at ca. 120 Ma, which is contemporaneous with the Jiaodong gold mineralization. The texture and geochemical compositions of pyrite indicate that pyrite grains hosted by Gushan MMEs are of deuteric hydrothermal origin and precipitated during or shortly after magma mixing. The distribution of elements (i.e., Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Ag, Au, Pb, and Bi) and the sulfur isotope (4.14‰−8.8‰) data for pyrites from Gushan MMEs are quite identical to those of the Xiejia diorite intrusion (DI) and other ores from the Jiaodong gold province, which indicates a common source of these pyrites. The common origin of the pyrites, combined with evidence from previous work, suggest that the ore-forming fluids and materials originated from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which was the repository of water, sulfur, and volatiles from the subducted Paleo-Pacific plate, rather than by direct release from the subducted sediments of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Our results collectively show that the arc-like mafic magmas derived from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle at ca. 120 Ma were the intermediary that transported the gold and other ore-forming components from the deep mantle to the shallow crustal levels where gold and ore-related material were injected into the Weideshan granitic suite during magma mixing. Thus, the Weideshan granitic suite may have played a critical role by continuously transferring gold to the shallow crustal faults where it precipitated. Therefore, future research or deep-drilling exploration programs in the area should emphasize the Weideshan granitic suite rather than the Xiejia DI.
{"title":"Geochemistry of sulfide in mafic enclaves from Gushan granite: Implications for the role of contemporaneous mafic magma in the genesis of the large-scale Jiaodong gold province, eastern China","authors":"Kadio Aka D. Koua, Huashan Sun, Zhanke Li, Huan Li, Jianwei Li, Hui Yang, Zhongzheng Yuan","doi":"10.1130/b36866.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/b36866.1","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have revealed the key role of deep-seated, ore-forming fluids and metals in the generation of the Early Cretaceous large-scale gold deposits in the Jiaodong gold province of eastern China. However, how the ore-forming materials were transported to shallow crustal levels remains unclear. Here, we investigate trace elements and sulfur isotopes of pyrite within mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) of Gushan granite to evaluate the role of the syn-mineralization of mafic enclaves in the transportation of ore-forming materials. Zircon U-Pb and molybdenite Re-Os dating indicate that the magmatic-hydrothermal event in the potassic-altered Gushan granite occurred at ca. 120 Ma, which is contemporaneous with the Jiaodong gold mineralization. The texture and geochemical compositions of pyrite indicate that pyrite grains hosted by Gushan MMEs are of deuteric hydrothermal origin and precipitated during or shortly after magma mixing. The distribution of elements (i.e., Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, As, Ag, Au, Pb, and Bi) and the sulfur isotope (4.14‰−8.8‰) data for pyrites from Gushan MMEs are quite identical to those of the Xiejia diorite intrusion (DI) and other ores from the Jiaodong gold province, which indicates a common source of these pyrites. The common origin of the pyrites, combined with evidence from previous work, suggest that the ore-forming fluids and materials originated from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle, which was the repository of water, sulfur, and volatiles from the subducted Paleo-Pacific plate, rather than by direct release from the subducted sediments of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Our results collectively show that the arc-like mafic magmas derived from the metasomatized lithospheric mantle at ca. 120 Ma were the intermediary that transported the gold and other ore-forming components from the deep mantle to the shallow crustal levels where gold and ore-related material were injected into the Weideshan granitic suite during magma mixing. Thus, the Weideshan granitic suite may have played a critical role by continuously transferring gold to the shallow crustal faults where it precipitated. Therefore, future research or deep-drilling exploration programs in the area should emphasize the Weideshan granitic suite rather than the Xiejia DI.","PeriodicalId":55104,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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