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Stratigraphic significance of carbon isotope variations in the shallow-marine Seis/Siusi Permian–Triassic boundary section (Southern Alps, Italy) 意大利南阿尔卑斯浅海Seis/Siusi二叠纪-三叠纪界线剖面碳同位素变化的地层学意义
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200900007
Sonja H. Kraus, Susann Siegert, Wolfgang Mette, Ulrich Struck, Christoph Korte

Carbonate carbon-isotope values from the Permian–Triassic (P–T) boundary section at Seis/Siusi (Southern Alps, Italy) show a trend similar to that in numerous other P–T boundary sections worldwide. Values decrease from 3.2 ‰ (V-PDB) in the upper Bellerophon Limestone Formation (Late Permian) to a minimum of –1.7 ‰ in the lower Mazzin Member. This minimum may represent the P–T boundary. The overall declining carbon-isotope trend is interrupted by a ca. 1 ‰ positive excursion in the higher Tesero Oolite Horizon. This positive peak is located at a higher lithostratigraphic level than a comparable peak in the adjacent Pufels section, which suggests that the Tesero Oolite Horizon in the Seis section is stratigraphically slightly older than in the Pufels section, and this is also suggested by palaeomagnetic correlation. It is therefore concluded that the base of the Tesero Oolite Horizon does not reflect a synchronous “current event” but is slightly diachronous, a result that was previously shown by biostratigraphic correlation. Nevertheless, this suggestion should be verified by further detailed litho-, magneto- and chemostratigraphic analysis of other P–T sections in the Southern Alps. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

意大利南阿尔卑斯Seis/Siusi地区二叠纪-三叠纪(P-T)界线剖面碳酸盐碳同位素值与世界上许多其他P-T界线剖面的趋势相似。该数值从上二叠世Bellerophon灰岩组(晚二叠世)的3.2‰(V-PDB)降至下马沁组的最低-1.7‰。这个最小值可以表示P-T边界。总体碳同位素下降趋势在较高的特塞罗鲕层被约1‰的正偏移打断。该正峰位于比邻近Pufels剖面高的岩石地层水平,说明Seis剖面的Tesero Oolite层在地层上比Pufels剖面略老,古地磁对比也证实了这一点。因此,我们得出结论,特塞罗鲕层的基底并没有反映出一个同步的“时事”,而是略微的历时性,这一结果在以前的生物地层对比中得到了证明。然而,这一建议应该通过对南阿尔卑斯其他P-T剖面的进一步详细的岩石学、磁学和化学地层分析来验证。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 14
Notes on the osteology and phylogenetic affinities of the Oligocene Diomedeoididae (Aves, Procellariiformes) 渐新世Diomedeoididae (Aves, proellariiformes)的骨骼学和系统发育亲缘关系
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200900003
Gerald Mayr

New specimens of the procellariiform taxon Diomedeoididae are reported from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) deposits of Wiesloch-Frauenweiler in southern Germany. Two skeletons belong to Diomedeoides brodkorbi, whereas isolated legs of larger individuals are tentatively assigned to D. lipsiensis, a species which has not yet been reported from the locality. The fossils allow the recognition of some previously unknown osteological features of the Diomedeoididae, including the presence of a vestige of the hallux. Diomedeoidids are characterized by extremely wide phalanges of the third and fourth toes, which also occur in some species of the extant procellariiform Oceanitinae (southern storm-petrels). The poorly developed processus supracondylaris dorsalis of the humerus supports a position of these Oligocene tubenoses outside a clade including the Diomedeidae (albatrosses), Procellariidae (shearwaters and allies), and Pelecanoididae (diving-petrels). It is hypothesized that like modern Oceanitinae, which have an equally short supracondylar process, diomedeoidids probably employed flap-gliding and used their immersed feet to remain stationary. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

报道了德国南部Wiesloch-Frauenweiler早渐新世(Rupelian)沉积物中发现的前虫类群Diomedeoididae的新标本。两具骨骼属于Diomedeoides brodkorbi,而较大个体的分离腿暂定为d.l lipsiensis,该物种尚未在当地报道。这些化石使人们认识到一些以前不为人知的Diomedeoididae的骨骼特征,包括拇趾遗迹的存在。Diomedeoidids的特征是第三和第四趾的极宽的趾骨,这也出现在现存的procellariiform Oceanitinae(南方风暴海燕)的一些物种中。肱骨的背髁上突发育不全,使得这些渐新世的小管鸟在包括信天翁科、海鸥科和海燕科在内的进化支之外。据推测,与具有同样短的髁上突的现代Oceanitinae一样,diomedeoidides可能使用襟翼滑行并使用浸入式脚保持静止。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 15
Late Viséan (Carboniferous) gastropods from the Gara El Itima (eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco) 晚vissaman(石炭纪)腹足动物,产自Gara El Itima(摩洛哥反阿特拉斯东部)
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200900006
Doris Heidelberger, Dieter Korn, Volker Ebbighausen

Diverse and well-preserved Late Viséan (Early Carboniferous) gastropod faunas from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco are described herein. The new genus Itimaspira n. gen. is described as well as the six new species Ananias weyeri n. sp., Itimaspira klugi n. sp., Nodospira krawczynskii n. sp., Baylea cordulae n. sp., Cinclidonema marocensis n. sp., and Schizostoma africanum n. sp., together with specimens of the genera Baylea, Orthonema, ?Knightella sp. and Macrochilina in open nomenclature. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

本文描述了摩洛哥东部反阿特拉斯地区多样且保存完好的晚vissaman(早石炭世)腹足动物群。新属(itimspira n.)、Ananias weyeri n. sp、itimspira klugi n. sp、Nodospira krawczynskii n. sp、Baylea cordulae n. sp、clinlidonema marocensis n. sp、Schizostoma africanum n. sp、Baylea、Orthonema、Knightella sp、Macrochilina等6个新种(公开命名)。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 2
The Tendaguru Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, southern Tanzania): definition, palaeoenvironments, and sequence stratigraphy 坦达古鲁组(坦桑尼亚南部晚侏罗世至早白垩世):定义、古环境和层序地层学
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200900004
Robert Bussert, Wolf-Dieter Heinrich, Martin Aberhan

The well-known Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tendaguru Beds of southern Tanzania have yielded fossil plant remains, invertebrates and vertebrates, notably dinosaurs, of exceptional scientific importance. Based on data of the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000 and previous studies, and in accordance with the international stratigraphic guide, we raise the Tendaguru Beds to formational rank and recognise six members (from bottom to top): Lower Dinosaur Member, Nerinella Member, Middle Dinosaur Member, Indotrigonia africana Member, Upper Dinosaur Member, and Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi Member. We characterise and discuss each member in detail in terms of derivation of name, definition of a type section, distribution, thickness, lithofacies, boundaries, palaeontology, and age. The age of the whole formation apparently ranges at least from the middle Oxfordian to the Valanginian through Hauterivian or possibly Aptian. The Tendaguru Formation constitutes a cyclic sedimentary succession, consisting of three marginal marine, sandstone-dominated depositional units and three predominantly coastal to tidal plain, fine-grained depositional units with dinosaur remains. It represents four third-order sequences, which are composed of transgressive and highstand systems tracts. Sequence boundaries are represented by transgressive ravinement surfaces and maximum flooding surfaces. In a more simple way, the depositional sequences can be subdivided into transgressive and regressive sequences/systems tracts. Whereas the transgressive systems tracts are mainly represented by shallow marine shoreface, tidal channel and sand bar sandstones, the regressive systems tracts predominantly consist of shallow tidal channel, tidal flat, and marginal lagoonal to supratidal deposits. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

坦桑尼亚南部著名的晚侏罗世至早白垩纪的坦达古鲁床上发现了植物化石、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物,尤其是恐龙,具有特殊的科学意义。根据2000年德国-坦桑尼亚腾达古鲁考察资料和前人研究成果,根据国际地层指南,将腾达古鲁层划分为6个层段(从下到上):下恐龙段、Nerinella段、中恐龙段、Indotrigonia africana段、上恐龙段、Rutitrigonia bornhardti-schwarzi段。我们从名称的来源、类型剖面的定义、分布、厚度、岩相、边界、古生物学和年龄等方面详细描述和讨论了每一个成员。整个地层的年龄显然至少从牛津纪中期到瓦兰吉尼亚纪,再到豪特里维亚纪,或者可能是阿普提亚纪。腾达古鲁组为旋回沉积序列,由3个边缘海相、砂岩为主的沉积单元和3个以海岸-潮汐平原为主的细粒沉积单元组成。它代表了四个三级层序,由海侵和高地体系域组成。层序边界以海侵冲刷面和最大泛洪面为代表。简单地说,沉积层序可分为海侵层序/体系域和海退层序/体系域。海侵体系域主要以浅海滨面、潮道和沙坝砂岩为代表,而退退体系域主要以浅海潮道、潮滩和边缘泻湖至潮上沉积为代表。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 52
Taxonomy of Late Jurassic diplodocid sauropods from Tendaguru (Tanzania) 坦桑尼亚tenaguru地区晚侏罗世梁龙目蜥脚类的分类
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200800008
Kristian Remes

The Late Jurassic (Tithonian) Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania yielded one of the richest sauropod faunas known, including the diplodocines Tornieria africana (Fraas, 1908) and Australodocus bohetii Remes, 2007, the only known representatives of their group on the southern continents. Historically, the holotypes and referred material of both taxa plus dozens of additional specimens had been subsumed under the term “Barosaurus africanus ” (Fraas, 1908). Here, the taxonomic status of the referred elements is reviewed by evaluating the phylogenetic information content of their anatomical characters, in order to provide a firm footing for further studies (e.g. of morphometrics, histology, and phylogeny of the Tendaguru sauropods). Some of the material shows diplodocine synapomorphies and may belong to either Tornieria or Australodocus, while other specimens are diagnostic only on higher taxonomic levels (Diplodocidae, Flagellicaudata, or Diplodocoidea indet.). The isolated limb elements in most cases lack phylogenetically diagnostic characters. Generally, the “Barosaurus africanus ” sample shows a substantial grade of morphological variation, and it cannot be ruled out that there are more flagellicaudatans represented in the Tendaguru material than the diplodocines and dicraeosaurids already known. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

坦桑尼亚晚侏罗世(泰托尼亚)的坦达古鲁床上发现了已知最丰富的蜥脚类动物之一,包括非洲托尔尼亚(fras, 1908年)和博赫蒂伊·雷姆斯(Australodocus bohetii Remes, 2007年),它们是南部大陆上唯一已知的蜥脚类代表。历史上,这两个分类群的原型和参考资料加上几十个额外的标本被归入“非洲Barosaurus”(Fraas, 1908)。本文通过对其解剖特征的系统发育信息含量的评价,对所涉及元素的分类地位进行综述,以期为进一步的研究(如:tenaguru蜥脚类的形态计量学、组织学和系统发育)提供坚实的基础。一些材料显示了梁龙科的近亲,可能属于托尔尼亚或南蜥目,而其他标本仅在更高的分类水平上被诊断(梁龙科,鞭毛,或梁龙科indet.)。在大多数情况下,孤立的肢体成分缺乏系统发育诊断特征。总的来说,“非洲Barosaurus”样本显示出相当程度的形态变异,并且不能排除在Tendaguru材料中代表的鞭毛类动物比已知的双龙类和双龙类动物更多。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 31
Preface: Fossil Record 1/2009 前言:化石记录1/2009
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200800005
Florian Witzmann, Johannes Müller
Since the mid 1990’s, the field of paleoherpetology in Germany has experienced a remarkable burst in research productivity and importance. In particular, young students were developing a new interest in the study of fossil amphibians and reptiles, paralleling a growing enthusiasm for new analytical tools and methodologies. One of the best signs of this “new movement” was the establishment and subsequent success of the Treffen der deutschsprachigen Pal oherpetologen (“Meeting of German-speaking Paleoherpetologists”), or “Palherp”, which was first held in D sseldorf in 1997 and has since become an institution in the paleontological meeting calendar of Central Europe. Over the years the lists of participants included not only vertebrate paleontologists from the German-speaking realm, but also researchers from all over Europe and as far afield as North America. In addition, the meeting has spread increasingly beyond the borders of paleontology, as indicated by the repeated attendance of comparative zoologists and extant herpetologists. In May 2008 the meeting was held for the 12th consecutive time, and for the first time at the Museum f r Naturkunde, Berlin. As a tribute to this premiere, the increasing success of the meeting and the thriving state of research in paleoherpetology in Germany, we wish to present a special volume of the museum’s own journal, the Fossil Record, which is devoted exclusively to studies of fossil amphibians and reptiles. Distributed over two consecutive issues, the topics of the contributions range from small, newt-like Palaeozoic amphibians to the gigantic sauropod dinosaurs from Tendaguru to a simulated bird gastric mill, reflecting just a portion of the wide diversity of this field. We wish to thank managing editor Dr. Dieter Korn und editor-in-chief Dr. Martin Aberhan, who have been willing to reserve two issues of the Fossil Record for this special volume, and who have been helpful and supportive throughout the process. A great thanks goes also to Ms. Eva Patzschke and Ms. Stefanie Klug for their technical support. Lastly, we wish to thank all the authors, as without their contributions this special volume would not have been possible.
自20世纪90年代中期以来,德国的古爬行动物学领域在研究生产力和重要性方面经历了显著的爆发。特别是,年轻学生对两栖动物和爬行动物化石的研究产生了新的兴趣,同时对新的分析工具和方法的热情也日益高涨。这一“新运动”的最好标志之一是“德语古爬虫学家会议”(Treffen der deutschsprachigen Pal oherpetologen)的成立和随后的成功,该会议于1997年首次在德塞尔多夫举行,此后成为中欧古生物学会议日历上的一个机构。多年来,参与者的名单不仅包括来自德语地区的脊椎动物古生物学家,还包括来自欧洲各地,甚至远至北美的研究人员。此外,比较动物学家和现存爬虫学家的多次出席表明,这次会议已经越来越超出了古生物学的范围。2008年5月,会议连续举行了第12次,并首次在柏林自然博物馆举行。为了向这次首次会议、会议的日益成功和德国古爬虫学研究的蓬勃发展致敬,我们希望提供博物馆自己的期刊《化石记录》的特别卷,专门研究两栖动物和爬行动物的化石。在连续的两期中,贡献的主题范围从小型的,像蝾螈的古生代两栖动物到巨大的蜥脚类恐龙,从tenaguru到模拟鸟类胃磨机,反映了这个领域广泛多样性的一部分。我们要感谢总编迪特尔·科恩博士和总编马丁·阿伯汉博士,他们愿意为本特辑保留两期《化石记录》,并在整个过程中给予了帮助和支持。还要感谢Eva Patzschke女士和Stefanie Klug女士提供的技术支持。最后,我们要感谢所有作者,因为没有他们的贡献,就不可能有这本特别的书。
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引用次数: 0
Late Jurassic Sunosuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia) from the Qigu Formation in the Junggar Basin (Xinjiang, China) 准噶尔盆地七谷组晚侏罗世Sunosuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Neosuchia)
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200800010
Rico Schellhorn, Daniela Schwarz-Wings, Michael W. Maisch, Oliver Wings

Various bone fragments of the crocodylomorph Sunosuchus from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) Qigu Formation in the southern Junggar Basin (Xinjiang Province/China) can be assigned to a single specimen and comprise the occipital region of the skull, mandibular fragments, and few postcranial elements. The size of the reconstructed skull does not exceed 30 cm in length and 13 cm in width. After comparison with other Sunosuchus species, the generic diagnosis of the genus can be expanded with the character of a lobe-like and unsculptured posterolateral process of the squamosal. The specimen is the first evidence of a crocodylomorph from the Qigu Formation and extends the geographical and stratigraphical range of Sunosuchus. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

新疆准噶尔盆地南部晚侏罗世(牛津期)七谷组鳄鱼型Sunosuchus的各种骨碎片可以归为一个单一的标本,包括颅骨枕区、下颌碎片和少量颅后元素。重建颅骨的长度不超过30厘米,宽度不超过13厘米。在与其他Sunosuchus物种比较后,该属的属诊断可以扩展为鳞片状和未雕刻的后外侧突的特征。该标本是七谷组鳄鱼类的首个证据,扩大了Sunosuchus的地理和地层范围。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 14
Assembling the history of the Parareptilia: phylogeny, diversification, and a new definition of the clade 汇编副鳃纲的历史:系统发育、多样化和该分支的新定义
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200800011
Linda A. Tsuji, Johannes Müller

In the present study, the historical development of Parareptilia as a phylogenetically valid clade is summarized, and for the first time a modern phylogenetic definition of both Parareptilia as well as Eureptilia is presented, which will facilitate the study of problems of early amniote classification. Furthermore, a preliminary study of the rates of diversification in parareptiles is performed on the basis of topological information on species diversity. While acknowledging that the bias of the fossil record also needs to be considered for a more definitive statement on parareptile diversification, our results show that a significant increase in diversification rate could be recorded only among Triassic procolophonoids, making it difficult to interpret evolutionary novelties such as herbivory or impedance-matching hearing as being key innovations that might have driven diversification. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

本文综述了拟爬行动物作为一个系统发育有效分支的历史发展,并首次提出了拟爬行动物和真爬行动物的现代系统发育定义,这将有助于研究早期羊膜动物分类问题。此外,在物种多样性的拓扑信息的基础上,对副纲的多样化率进行了初步研究。虽然承认化石记录的偏差也需要考虑到对旁肢动物多样化的更明确的陈述,但我们的研究结果表明,多样化率的显着增加只能在三叠纪原音类动物中记录,这使得很难解释进化上的新奇性,如食草性或阻抗匹配听力,可能是推动多样化的关键创新。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 82
The largest specimen of Apateon and the life history pathway of neoteny in the Paleozoic temnospondyl family Branchiosauridae 最大的Apateon标本及古生代鳃龙科幼崽的生活史路径
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200800012
Nadia B. Fröbisch, Rainer R. Schoch

Two distinct developmental trajectories, metamorphosis and neoteny (the retention of larval somatic features in adult animals), have been reported for the small gill-bearing branchiosaurids of the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian of central Europe. Based on a very large specimen of the species Apateon caducus (Ammon, 1889), anatomical features characteristic for the neotenic phenotype of branchiosaurids are described. Large neotenes lack changes that occur during a short phase of transformation into terrestrial adults (metamorphosis), such as ossification of the braincase and palatoquadrate and intercentra, further ossification of the girdles and formation of muscle attachment scars and processes on the limb bones. They also lack a distinct sculpturing of the dermal skull roofing elements with deep polygonal ridges and grooves. Instead, larval somatic features are retained including ossified branchial denticles indicative of open gill slits and accentuated larval-type sculpturing of the dermal skull roof. Large size, high degree of ossification as compared to the larvae, and the presence of uncinate processes on the ribs clearly demonstrate an adult ontogenetic stage. Neotenes remained in the aquatic environment throughout their life and were most likely not capable of effective terrestrial locomotion. The frequency distribution of the two phenotypes in modern salamander populations and the environmental cues that influence the development of them provide a comparative framework for the discussion of the evolution of the two life history pathways in branchiosaurids. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

中欧晚石炭世和早二叠纪的小型带鳃的支龙类有两种不同的发育轨迹,变态和幼态(在成年动物中保留幼虫的体细胞特征)。基于一个非常大的物种标本Apateon caducus (Ammon, 1889),描述了branchiosaurids的新生表型的解剖学特征。大型幼龙缺乏在向陆生成虫转变的短阶段(变态)中发生的变化,如颅脑和腭方骨和中心间骨的骨化,腰带的进一步骨化以及肢体骨骼上肌肉附着疤痕和突起的形成。他们也缺乏一个明显的雕刻真皮头骨屋顶元素与深多边形脊和凹槽。相反,保留了幼虫的躯体特征,包括骨化的鳃齿,表明张开的鳃缝和突出的幼虫型真皮头骨顶部的雕刻。与幼虫相比,大的体型,高度的骨化,肋骨上钩状突起的存在清楚地表明了成虫的个体发生阶段。幼龙一生都生活在水生环境中,很可能无法有效地在陆地上运动。这两种表型在现代蝾螈种群中的频率分布以及影响它们发育的环境线索为讨论分支龙两种生活史途径的进化提供了一个比较框架。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 29
The late Pleistocene horned crocodile Voay robustus (Grandidier & Vaillant, 1872) from Madagascar in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin 来自马达加斯加的晚更新世角鳄Voay robustus (granddier & Vaillant, 1872),收藏于柏林<s:1>自然博物馆
IF 1.4 4区 地球科学 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2009-02-20 DOI: 10.1002/mmng.200800007
Constanze Bickelmann, Nicole Klein

Crocodylian material from late Pleistocene localities around Antsirabe, Madagascar, stored in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, was surveyed. Several skeletal elements, including skull bones, vertebrae, ribs, osteoderms, and limb bones from at least three large individuals could be unambiguously assigned to the genus Voay Brochu, 2007. Furthermore, the simultaneous occurrence of Voay robustus Grandidier & Vaillant, 1872 and Crocodylus niloticus Laurenti, 1768 in Madagascar is discussed. Voay robustus and Crocodylus niloticus are systematically separate but similar in stature and size, which would make them direct rivals for ecological resources. Our hypothesis on the extinction of the species Voay, which was endemic to Madagascar, suggests that C. niloticus invaded Madagascar only after V. robustus became extinct. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

研究人员对保存在柏林自然博物馆(Museum r Naturkunde)的马达加斯加安茨拉贝(Antsirabe)附近晚更新世地区的鳄鱼材料进行了调查。来自至少三个大型个体的几种骨骼元素,包括颅骨、椎骨、肋骨、骨皮和肢骨,可以明确地归属于该属。此外,同时发生的Voay robustus granddier &讨论了1872年的Vaillant和1768年在马达加斯加的niloticus Laurenti。粗壮鳄和尼罗鳄在系统上是分开的,但在身高和大小上相似,这将使它们成为生态资源的直接竞争对手。我们对马达加斯加特有的Voay物种灭绝的假设表明,C. niloticus是在V. robustus灭绝之后才入侵马达加斯加的。(©2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &KGaA公司,Weinheim)
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引用次数: 16
期刊
Fossil Record
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