Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals最新文献

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy of the neck and head region. A major contributor to poor prognosis in OSCC is bone infiltration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), known to promote tumor progression and bone metastasis in several cancers, has recently emerged as a potential molecular mediator of OSCC invasiveness. However, its role in predicting therapeutic response-particularly in emerging modalities like ultrasound-based therapies-remains unexplored. Methods: The authors assessed BMP2 expression in OSCC tissues and cell lines using RT-qPCR. Functional assays were conducted to evaluate malignant cellular behaviors, including proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were quantified via TRAP staining and resorption pit assays. RNA-binding interactions were identified using RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin pull-down assays. Results: BMP2 was significantly overexpressed in OSCC and strongly correlated with bone infiltration. Its upregulation enhanced OSCC cell proliferation, EMT, and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In vivo, BMP2 knockdown suppressed tumor growth and bone invasion. Mechanistically, the authors identified ELAVL1 as a key RNA-binding protein that stabilized BMP2 transcripts, thereby promoting its expression. Moreover, BMP2 overexpression rescued the tumor-suppressive effects of ELAVL1 silencing, highlighting a critical regulatory axis. Given the role of BMP2 in modulating the tumor microenvironment and its association with bone-invasive phenotypes, it holds potential as a predictive biomarker for response to ultrasound-enhanced therapeutic strategies. Conclusions: ELAVL1-regulated BMP2 promotes OSCC progression and bone infiltration and may serve as a valuable predictive biomarker for therapeutic response in ultrasound-guided biotherapies.

Objective: To examine the influence of various anesthetic techniques on the postoperative biological stress response in thyroid cancer (TC) patients receiving psychological nursing intervention during ultrasound-guided radical thyroidectomy. Methods: TC patients undergoing ultrasound-guided radical thyroidectomy at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University between January 2020 and June 2022 were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups based on anesthetic protocol. Both groups received general anesthesia and standardized psychological nursing intervention. Intervention group received remifentanil-propofol anesthesia, whereas reference group received sevoflurane-propofol anesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters, serum stress biomarkers (cortisol [Cor], norepinephrine [NE], glucose [Glu]), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10), pain intensity (visual analog scale [VAS] scores), recovery metrics, adverse events, and psychological outcomes were evaluated and compared. Results: The intervention group showed significantly shorter response recovery time, eye-opening time, spontaneous respiration recovery time, and extubation time than reference group (p < 0.05). Postoperative VAS scores decreased in both groups from 0.5 to 12 h, with the intervention group reporting consistently lower scores at all time points (p < 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure) and serum stress biomarkers (Cor, NE, Glu) were significantly lower in intervention group during key intraoperative periods (T1, T2, T3) (p < 0.05). Inflammatory cytokine levels rose intraoperatively in both groups, but were markedly lower in intervention group at T3, T4, and T5 (p < 0.05). The adverse reactions' incidence was also lower in intervention group (χ² = 4.523, p < 0.05). Both groups showed improved psychological status, comfort, and illness perception postintervention, with nursing satisfaction exceeding 90%. Conclusions: Remifentanil-propofol anesthesia, when combined with psychological intervention, provides superior control over the biological stress response, enhances analgesia, and promotes faster recovery compared with sevoflurane-propofol anesthesia in TC patients undergoing ultrasound-guided thyroidectomy. This approach is clinically beneficial and warrants broader application.

Background: Immune-resistant lung carcinoma poses a major hurdle for effective cancer treatment, largely due to its dense tumor microenvironment (TME) and the challenges of drug penetration. To boost the effectiveness of radiopharmaceuticals in this intricate TME, focused ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation (FUS-MMC) needs to enhance their accessibility. Current delivery methods often fall short, suffering from limited vascular permeability and insufficient tumor uptake. This results in less effective treatments and increased off-target toxicity. Methods: To address this issue, this article proposes a targeted delivery framework that utilizes FUS-MMC. This innovative technique involves administering microbubbles systemically and directing ultrasound precisely to disrupt the tumor's blood vessels and extracellular matrix temporarily. By using the FUS-MMC approach, the permeability of the TME is improved, allowing radiopharmaceuticals like 177Lu-DOTATATE to penetrate deeper into the tumor tissues. This enhanced access leads to a more even distribution and greater accumulation of therapeutic agents right at the tumor site. Results and Conclusion: FUS-MMC significantly boosts the efficiency of radiopharmaceutical delivery, reduces systemic exposure, and improves tumor response rates in models of immune-resistant lung carcinoma. This noninvasive and repeatable strategy represents a promising step forward in precision oncology and targeted cancer therapy.

Background: Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for more effective and targeted therapeutic strategies. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), known for its favorable safety profile and broad pharmacological effects, offers promising candidates for cancer treatment. Salvianolic acid F (SAF), a key bioactive compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has demonstrated antitumor potential, but its role and underlying mechanisms in lung cancer remain inadequately characterized. Objective: This study investigated the anticancer efficacy of SAF in lung cancer and determines whether ultrasound can enhance its therapeutic effects, with a particular focus on the CXCL5/Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis. Methods: Human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines H1299 and PC9 were treated with SAF alone or in combination with ultrasound. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using cell counting kit-8, scratch wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Gene expression changes were analyzed using RNA sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Functional involvement of CXCL5 was further confirmed through small interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing. Results: SAF significantly inhibited proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of both H1299 and PC9 cells. These effects were markedly enhanced when SAF was delivered in conjunction with ultrasound exposure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of CXCL5 and suppression of downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling mediators, including Wnt5α and β-catenin. CXCL5 knockdown mimicked the inhibitory effects of SAF and synergized with SAF treatment, confirming the involvement of the CXCL5/Wnt/β-catenin axis in the observed antitumor response. Conclusions: Ultrasound-enhanced delivery of SAF significantly impairs lung cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the CXCL5/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This combinatorial approach represents a novel and promising biotherapeutic strategy for lung cancer that integrates TCM-derived compounds with noninvasive delivery technologies.

Background: Oncologic emergencies in critically ill cancer patients frequently require rapid, real-time assessment of tumor responses to therapeutic interventions. However, conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are often impractical in intensive care units (ICUs) due to logistical constraints and patient instability. Super-resolution ultrasound (SR-US) imaging has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative, facilitating bedside evaluation of tumor microvascular dynamics with exceptional spatial resolution. This study assessed the clinical utility of real-time SR-US imaging in monitoring tumor perfusion changes during emergency management in oncological ICU settings. Methods: In this prospective observational study, critically ill patients with oncologic emergencies underwent bedside SR-US imaging before and after the initiation of emergency therapy (e.g., corticosteroids, decompression, or chemotherapy). SR-US was employed to quantify microvascular parameters, including perfusion density and flow heterogeneity. Data processing incorporated artificial intelligence for real-time vessel segmentation and quantitative analysis. Results: SR-US imaging successfully detected perfusion changes within hours of therapy initiation. A significant correlation was observed between reduced tumor perfusion and clinical improvement, including symptom relief and shorter ICU stay. This technology enables visualization of microvessels as small as 30 µm, surpassing conventional ultrasound limits. No adverse events were reported with the use of contrast microbubbles. In addition, SR-US imaging reduces the need for transportation to radiology departments, thereby optimizing ICU workflow. Conclusions: Real-time SR-US imaging offers a novel, bedside-compatible method for evaluating tumor vascular response during the acute phase of oncological emergencies. Its integration into ICU care pathways could enhance timely decision-making, reduce reliance on static imaging, and support personalized cancer management. Further multicenter validation is required.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (BC) improves patient prognosis, but its efficacy is hindered by the disease's high heterogeneity. This study enhances effectiveness of targeted therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Methods: This study enrolled 335 patients from three centers. Differentially expressed genes were identified using DESeq2, and Venn analysis was applied to identify hub Complement genes. Hub gene expression was validated through public databases and IHC in real-world samples. In addition, associations between these genes and clinical factors were evaluated. Survival analysis, using the log-rank test, assessed overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) as end points. The authors also locate hub Complement 3 gene position by immunofluorescence. Results: The study identified C3 as a hub Complement gene associated with trastuzumab sensitivity. C3 shows higher expression in normal than tumor tissues. C3 was highly expressed in HER2-negative and early-stage BC, but showed no differences in lymph node or metastasis subgroups. High C3 expression correlated with better OS, DSS, and PFI, particularly in HER2+ patients. IHC analysis confirmed higher C3 expression in normal tissues with the lowest in triple-negative BC. Immunofluorescence findings suggest that C3 recruits complement receptor 2 to enhance trastuzumab efficacy in HER2+ patients. Conclusions: This finding highlights the potential of complement 3 to improve therapeutic outcomes and pave the way for more personalized treatment strategies in BC.

Introduction: Cancer remains a major global health burden, with treatment outcomes often impacted by tumor heterogeneity and individual patient factors. Personalized cancer therapies are increasingly essential to improve prognosis and response. Methods: This study explores the integration of epigenomics and radiopharmaceuticals into preoperative chemoradiotherapy as a strategy to personalize cancer treatment. Epigenomic profiling identifies reversible heritable changes in gene expression, revealing tumor biology and therapy resistance mechanisms. Radiopharmaceuticals, which combine radioactive isotopes with tumor-specific ligands, enable targeted radiation delivery. Results: The combined use of epigenetic markers and radiopharmaceuticals allows for tailoring chemoradiotherapy regimens, enhancing tumor selectivity, and minimizing off-target effects. Early clinical data show improved therapeutic efficacy, tumor downstaging, higher survival rates, and reduced recurrence. Epigenetic therapies, including DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors, further sensitize tumors to radiopharmaceuticals, enhancing treatment synergy. Conclusions: Integrating epigenomics and radiopharmaceuticals into preoperative chemoradiotherapy represents a significant advancement toward personalized oncology. This approach enhances treatment precision and effectiveness while reducing toxicity. Continued research and clinical validation are critical to transitioning this dual strategy into routine practice.

Objective: To find out the effects of laparoscopic myomectomy on myoglobin (MYO), ischemic modified albumin (IMA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with uterine myoma. Methods: According to different surgical treatment methods, 116 patients with uterine fibroids included from February 2022 to February 2023 were divided into two groups, including a laparotomy group and a laparoscope group. The former (n = 58) underwent open myomectomy, while the latter (n = 58) underwent laparoscopic myomectomy. The indexes of oxidative stress were compared before surgery and on the 1st and 3rd days after surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative recovery indicators and the incidence of postoperative complications were also compared. Results: Before surgery, there was no significant difference in oxidative stress level between the two groups (p > 0.05). The levels of MYO, IMA, MDA, and ROS decreased in the laparoscope group on the 1st and 3rd days after surgery. The data in the laparotomy group were lower than that in the laparoscope group, so the statistical difference appeared significantly (p < 0.05). The index of TAC in laparoscope group was higher than that in laparotomy group, so the statistical difference was significant (p < 0.05). Data such as the intraoperative time, intraoperative blood loss, the first time to get out of bed, the first time to exhaust, and the first time to eat in laparoscope group were lower than those in laparotomy group, suggesting that the statistical differences were significant (p < 0.05). Three months after surgery, the incidence of incision bleeding, emphysema, nerve damage, intestinal obstruction, and back pain in the laparoscopic group was lower than that in the cesarean section group. The incidence of incision bleeding and nerve damage in this group was 0, while the incidence of incision bleeding in the cesarean section group was as high as 8.62%, significantly higher than that in the laparoscope group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It can reduce the oxidative stress of patients and shorten the recovery time of postoperative symptoms, so as to reduce the incidence of complications by means of laparoscopic myomectomy.

Introduction: Integrating radiopharmaceuticals in anesthesia and orthopedic oncology has revolutionized cancer biotherapy and targeted therapy. This multidisciplinary approach leverages molecular imaging, radioisotopes, and precision medicine to enhance perioperative pain management and improve therapeutic efficacy. Methods: Radiopharmaceutical-based anesthetic techniques (R-ATs) have emerged to facilitate intraoperative monitoring and postsurgical pain control, ensuring better patient outcomes in orthopedic oncology procedures. This article explores combining radiopharmaceuticals with orthopedic cancer management, emphasizing novel theranostic agents, α- and β^--emitting radionuclides, in treating metastatic bone disease. Innovations in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and radiolabeled bisphosphonates have provided a significant leap forward in mitigating skeletal-related events and improving survival rates. Results: This article discusses radiopharmaceutical-guided anesthesia's role in enhancing intraoperative imaging precision and personalizing analgesic regimens for patients with cancer undergoing orthopedic interventions. The article aligns with recent developments in molecular medicine by addressing the translational impact of radiopharmaceuticals on cancer treatment paradigms. In targeted therapy, R-AT attained an effectiveness of up to 96.25%, while PRRT reached 97.45%. Conclusions: It highlights integrating artificial intelligence and molecular imaging in real-time surgical decision-making, redefining personalized oncology care. The synergistic use of radiopharmaceuticals in anesthesia and orthopedic oncology holds immense promise in precision-driven therapeutic strategies for cancer biotherapy.