Pub Date : 2025-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103319
Julian F.R. Paton , Peter Hunter , David Nickerson
{"title":"Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic to Clinical (AN:BC): A new relationship with the SPARC portal","authors":"Julian F.R. Paton , Peter Hunter , David Nickerson","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103317
Xin Shen, Julian F.R. Paton
On its activation, the carotid body (CB) provides one of the greatest stimulants to raise cardiovascular sympathetic activity. Through proof of principle studies the CB has been shown to be a major driver of the heightened sympathetic activity associated with several cardiometabolic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of hypoxia and cellular transduction as well as inter-cellular signalling within the CB becomes crucial for identification of novel interventions to quench CB hyperactivity in disease. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms of hypoxia but also emphasise that the CB is more than an oxygen sensor which is acutely tuned to the regulation of both oxygen and glucose with feedback from blood-borne hormones regulating metabolism. This feature opens new druggable targets to restrain CB activity as well as the possibility to consider this organ as a nodal point for regulating autonomic dysfunction underpinning the metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"Mechanisms underpinning peripheral chemoreceptor modulation of hypertension","authors":"Xin Shen, Julian F.R. Paton","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On its activation, the carotid body (CB) provides one of the greatest stimulants to raise cardiovascular sympathetic activity. Through proof of principle studies the CB has been shown to be a major driver of the heightened sympathetic activity associated with several cardiometabolic diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of hypoxia and cellular transduction as well as inter-cellular signalling within the CB becomes crucial for identification of novel interventions to quench CB hyperactivity in disease. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms of hypoxia but also emphasise that the CB is more than an oxygen sensor which is acutely tuned to the regulation of both oxygen and glucose with feedback from blood-borne hormones regulating metabolism. This feature opens new druggable targets to restrain CB activity as well as the possibility to consider this organ as a nodal point for regulating autonomic dysfunction underpinning the metabolic syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 103317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103314
Ivan Adamec , Magdalena Krbot Skorić , Luka Crnošija , Alessandra Fanciulli , Jalesh Panicker , Tamara B. Kaplan , Mario Habek
Neurogenic urogenital dysfunction encompasses various urinary and sexual issues resulting from neurological disorders, which significantly impact patients' quality of life. To address these challenges, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), in collaboration with the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS) and the International Neuro-Urology Society (INUS), developed the NEUROGED guidelines. These guidelines aim to provide neurologists with evidence-based recommendations for managing neurogenic bladder and sexual dysfunctions. The task force comprised 37 members from 17 countries across four continents, highlighting a comprehensive and collaborative effort. The committee has established evidence-based recommendations for 11 key questions, consensus-based recommendations for eight questions, and good practice statements for 19, addressing the complexities of managing neurogenic urogenital dysfunction. This review seeks to enhance understanding of the NEUROGED guidelines through two sections. The first section examines the neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction (SD), establishing a basis for the guidelines. The second section explores the impact of the NEUROGED guidelines on the investigation and management of urogenital symptoms, addressing their implementation and potential barriers in clinical practice.
{"title":"Understanding neurogenic urogenital dysfunction and the clinical application of the EAN/EFAS/INUS NEUROGED guidelines","authors":"Ivan Adamec , Magdalena Krbot Skorić , Luka Crnošija , Alessandra Fanciulli , Jalesh Panicker , Tamara B. Kaplan , Mario Habek","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurogenic urogenital dysfunction encompasses various urinary and sexual issues resulting from neurological disorders, which significantly impact patients' quality of life. To address these challenges, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), in collaboration with the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS) and the International Neuro-Urology Society (INUS), developed the NEUROGED guidelines. These guidelines aim to provide neurologists with evidence-based recommendations for managing neurogenic bladder and sexual dysfunctions. The task force comprised 37 members from 17 countries across four continents, highlighting a comprehensive and collaborative effort. The committee has established evidence-based recommendations for 11 key questions, consensus-based recommendations for eight questions, and good practice statements for 19, addressing the complexities of managing neurogenic urogenital dysfunction. This review seeks to enhance understanding of the NEUROGED guidelines through two sections. The first section examines the neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual dysfunction (SD), establishing a basis for the guidelines. The second section explores the impact of the NEUROGED guidelines on the investigation and management of urogenital symptoms, addressing their implementation and potential barriers in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103314"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103316
Alicia Duval , Blaine Ditto
A growing body of evidence highlights the direct involvement of the autonomic nervous system on cognitive processes. Vagal-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic control, has been linked to cognitive outcomes in both healthy and clinical populations. However, few studies have directly examined this relationship in females. Understanding the interplay between vmHRV and cognitive functioning in females is important for elucidating sex-specific mechanisms contributing to cognitive trajectories across the female lifespan. The present review synthesizes the literature examining vmHRV and cognition in females at different transitional life phases, including the menstrual cycle, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal period, and considers the implications of polycystic ovary syndrome. The evidence summarized describes fluctuations in vmHRV and cognitive function across the female adult lifespan; however, notable gaps in the literature are identified. Further research is needed to better understand these complex interactions and to guide the development of targeted strategies to support female cognitive health with advancing age.
{"title":"Associations between cardiac autonomic function and cognition across the adult female lifespan","authors":"Alicia Duval , Blaine Ditto","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing body of evidence highlights the direct involvement of the autonomic nervous system on cognitive processes. Vagal-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic control, has been linked to cognitive outcomes in both healthy and clinical populations. However, few studies have directly examined this relationship in females. Understanding the interplay between vmHRV and cognitive functioning in females is important for elucidating sex-specific mechanisms contributing to cognitive trajectories across the female lifespan. The present review synthesizes the literature examining vmHRV and cognition in females at different transitional life phases, including the menstrual cycle, menopausal transition, and postmenopausal period, and considers the implications of polycystic ovary syndrome. The evidence summarized describes fluctuations in vmHRV and cognitive function across the female adult lifespan; however, notable gaps in the literature are identified. Further research is needed to better understand these complex interactions and to guide the development of targeted strategies to support female cognitive health with advancing age.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103313
Gianni Sesa-Ashton , Lakshini Herat , Markus P. Schlaich
Renal nerves are critical in regulation of blood pressure and renal function. The concept of renal denervation is based on solid pathophysiologic principles and both experimental and human data. Renal denervation has consistently shown to reduce blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension and complex to manage blood pressure. This occurs both in the clinical trial environment and in observational studies. The procedure works effectively through the disruption of the pathophysiological sympathetic drive to and from the kidney to produce its antihypertensive effect. Renal denervation is now considered a valid option for BP lowering in European and American Hypertension Guidelines.
{"title":"Targeting renal nerves for arterial hypertension – The path to renal denervation","authors":"Gianni Sesa-Ashton , Lakshini Herat , Markus P. Schlaich","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renal nerves are critical in regulation of blood pressure and renal function. The concept of renal denervation is based on solid pathophysiologic principles and both experimental and human data. Renal denervation has consistently shown to reduce blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension and complex to manage blood pressure. This occurs both in the clinical trial environment and in observational studies. The procedure works effectively through the disruption of the pathophysiological sympathetic drive to and from the kidney to produce its antihypertensive effect. Renal denervation is now considered a valid option for BP lowering in European and American Hypertension Guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103315
Ayumi Fukazawa , Norio Hotta , Hoda Yeganehjoo , Amane Hori , Han-Kyul Kim , Gary A. Iwamoto , Scott A. Smith , Wanpen Vongpatanasin , Masaki Mizuno
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by synaptic loss and the increase of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain often detrimentally affecting function. Brainstem is the key central integration site for sensory input from working skeletal muscle. Stimulation of skeletal muscle afferent fibers during muscle contraction increases blood pressure. However, whether AD alters or preserves the central processing of peripheral sensory afferent signals remains to be elucidated. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of the pressor response is functionally altered in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin injected rats (ICV-STZ). Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) was intracerebroventricularly injected into the lateral ventricle of male Sprague–Dawley rats. In parallel, a separate group of rats were treated with ICV saline as a vehicle control. Spatial learning and memory function were assessed using the Morris Water Maze behavioral test. Results demonstrate that ICV-STZ rats had a significantly longer time to reach a target platform compared to controls (P = 0.0046). ICV-STZ injection also significantly increased brainstem Aβ1–40 (P = 0.0082), but not Aβ1–42 (P = 0.0744). Further, the peak pressor and cardioaccelerator responses to tibial nerve stimulation were significantly attenuated in ICV-STZ rats compared to controls (ΔMAP: P = 0.0003, ΔHR: P = 0.0035). The findings suggest that the cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of sensory afferents are blunted in ICV-STZ rats.
阿尔茨海默病是最常见的神经退行性疾病。它的特点是突触丧失和大脑中β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）的增加，往往对功能产生不利影响。脑干是骨骼肌感觉输入的关键中枢整合部位。肌肉收缩时对骨骼肌传入纤维的刺激使血压升高。然而，AD是否改变或保留了外周感觉传入信号的中央处理仍有待阐明。因此，我们验证了在脑室内注射链脲佐菌素的大鼠（ICV-STZ）中，升压反应的强度在功能上发生改变的假设。将链脲佐菌素（3 mg/kg）注入雄性sd大鼠侧脑室。同时，另一组大鼠用ICV生理盐水作为对照。采用Morris水迷宫行为测验评估空间学习和记忆功能。结果显示，ICV-STZ大鼠到达目标平台的时间明显长于对照组（P = 0.0046）。注射ICV-STZ能显著提高脑干Aβ1-40 (P = 0.0082)，但不能显著提高Aβ1-42 （P = 0.0744）。此外，与对照组相比，ICV-STZ大鼠对胫骨神经刺激的峰值加压和加速反应显著减弱（ΔMAP: P = 0.0003， ΔHR: P = 0.0035）。结果表明，ICV-STZ大鼠对感觉传入电刺激的心血管反应减弱。
{"title":"Blunted pressor response to peripheral sensory afferent nerve stimulation in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin injected rats","authors":"Ayumi Fukazawa , Norio Hotta , Hoda Yeganehjoo , Amane Hori , Han-Kyul Kim , Gary A. Iwamoto , Scott A. Smith , Wanpen Vongpatanasin , Masaki Mizuno","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by synaptic loss and the increase of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain often detrimentally affecting function. Brainstem is the key central integration site for sensory input from working skeletal muscle. Stimulation of skeletal muscle afferent fibers during muscle contraction increases blood pressure. However, whether AD alters or preserves the central processing of peripheral sensory afferent signals remains to be elucidated. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of the pressor response is functionally altered in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin injected rats (ICV-STZ). Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) was intracerebroventricularly injected into the lateral ventricle of male Sprague–Dawley rats. In parallel, a separate group of rats were treated with ICV saline as a vehicle control. Spatial learning and memory function were assessed using the Morris Water Maze behavioral test. Results demonstrate that ICV-STZ rats had a significantly longer time to reach a target platform compared to controls (<em>P =</em> 0.0046). ICV-STZ injection also significantly increased brainstem Aβ1–40 (<em>P =</em> 0.0082), but not Aβ1–42 (<em>P =</em> 0.0744). Further, the peak pressor and cardioaccelerator responses to tibial nerve stimulation were significantly attenuated in ICV-STZ rats compared to controls (ΔMAP: <em>P =</em> 0.0003, ΔHR: <em>P =</em> 0.0035). The findings suggest that the cardiovascular responses to electrical stimulation of sensory afferents are blunted in ICV-STZ rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103311
Jeann L. Sabino-Carvalho , Rosa V. Guerrero , André L. Teixeira , Pedro R.P. Brandão , Lauro C. Vianna
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by non-motor symptoms and marked altered sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. However, it is currently unclear if inappropriate autonomic adjustments are manifested during rapid parasympathetic adjustments that occur following cessation of exercise and at the onset of isolated post-exercise ischemia (PEI). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that, compared to older and young men, PD patients would show attenuated heart rate (HR) recovery at exercise cessation due to impaired cardiac vagal reactivation. Eleven PD patients (66 ± 9 yr), 9 age-matched controls (64 ± 7 yr), and 10 young controls (21 ± 1 yr) were studied. All participants performed 90-s of isometric handgrip at 40 % of maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 3-min of PEI. HR (electrocardiography) was continuously recorded. HR recovery was defined as the difference between HR at the end of the exercise and at the end of the first 30-s of PEI. HR variability (HRV) during the first 30-s of recovery was quantified. Following the cessation of exercise, the HR recovery was significantly lower in PD and age-matched controls compared to young controls (Δ-10 ± 5 vs. Δ-14 ± 6 vs. Δ-26 ± 8 beats.min − 1 at 30s; P < 0.001; respectively). compared to controls. HRV increased less post-exercise in PD and age-matched controls compared to young controls. In summary, PD patients and age-matched controls demonstrate blunted parasympathetic reactivation. However, contrary to our hypothesis, PD patients did not exhibit further attenuation in HR recovery compared to age-matched controls, suggesting that PD does not exacerbate vagal reactivation impairments beyond those associated with aging.
帕金森病（PD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，以非运动症状和显著的交感和副交感神经活动改变为特征。然而，目前尚不清楚的是，在运动停止后和孤立性运动后缺血（PEI）发生时，不适当的自主神经调节是否在快速副交感神经调节中表现出来。在此，我们验证了这样一个假设，即与老年和年轻男性相比，PD患者在运动停止时由于心脏迷走神经再激活受损而表现出心率（HR）恢复减慢。研究对象为11例PD患者（66±9岁），9例年龄匹配的对照组（64±7岁）和10例年轻对照组（21±1岁）。所有参与者在40%的最大自主收缩时进行90秒的等距握力，然后进行3分钟的PEI。连续记录HR（心电图）。HR恢复被定义为运动结束时与PEI前30秒结束时HR的差异。对恢复后30秒内的心率变异性（HRV）进行量化。停止运动后，PD组和年龄匹配组的心率恢复明显低于年轻组（Δ-10±5 vs. Δ-14±6 vs. Δ-26±8）。Min−1,30s；P & lt;0.001;分别)。与对照组相比。与年轻对照组相比，帕金森病患者和年龄匹配的对照组运动后HRV增加较少。总之，PD患者和年龄匹配的对照组表现出迟钝的副交感神经再激活。然而，与我们的假设相反，与年龄匹配的对照组相比，PD患者在HR恢复方面没有表现出进一步的衰减，这表明PD不会加剧迷走神经再激活损伤，而不仅仅是与衰老相关的损伤。
{"title":"Cardiac vagal reactivation at the onset of muscle Metaboreflex activation is not further impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease","authors":"Jeann L. Sabino-Carvalho , Rosa V. Guerrero , André L. Teixeira , Pedro R.P. Brandão , Lauro C. Vianna","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by non-motor symptoms and marked altered sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. However, it is currently unclear if inappropriate autonomic adjustments are manifested during rapid parasympathetic adjustments that occur following cessation of exercise and at the onset of isolated post-exercise ischemia (PEI). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that, compared to older and young men, PD patients would show attenuated heart rate (HR) recovery at exercise cessation due to impaired cardiac vagal reactivation. Eleven PD patients (66 ± 9 yr), 9 age-matched controls (64 ± 7 yr), and 10 young controls (21 ± 1 yr) were studied. All participants performed 90-s of isometric handgrip at 40 % of maximal voluntary contraction, followed by 3-min of PEI. HR (electrocardiography) was continuously recorded. HR recovery was defined as the difference between HR at the end of the exercise and at the end of the first 30-s of PEI. HR variability (HRV) during the first 30-s of recovery was quantified. Following the cessation of exercise, the HR recovery was significantly lower in PD and age-matched controls compared to young controls (Δ-10 ± 5 vs. Δ-14 ± 6 vs. Δ-26 ± 8 beats.min − 1 at 30s; <em>P</em> < 0.001; respectively). compared to controls. HRV increased less post-exercise in PD and age-matched controls compared to young controls. In summary, PD patients and age-matched controls demonstrate blunted parasympathetic reactivation. However, contrary to our hypothesis, PD patients did not exhibit further attenuation in HR recovery compared to age-matched controls, suggesting that PD does not exacerbate vagal reactivation impairments beyond those associated with aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103312
Ítalo C. Raulino , Vinícius H. Ferreira , Juliana R. Souza , Mauro de Oliveira , Daniela Accorsi-Mendonça , Julian F.R. Paton , Benedito H. Machado
We hypothetized that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exposed to chronic intermittent hyperoxia should reduce the high baseline arterial pressure (hypertension) observed in these animals. The rational for this study was based-upon the known overactivity of carotid chemoreceptors in SHR and their significant contribution to the maintenance of an increased sympathetic outflow and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we exposed SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, control) to intermittent hyperoxia (IH, FIO2 increase from 20.8 to 30 % in 6 cycles/h) 8 h a day during 10 days. Systolic arterial pressure was evaluated every 2 days by tail plethysmography. At the end of the protocols the rats were anesthetized and catheters implanted for arterial pressure recordings and drug injections 24 hs later in the conscious freely moving condition. Respiratory frequency was evaluated by whole body plethysmography before and after the IH protocol and the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation (KCN) were evaluated one day after the end of protocol. Arterial blood samples were collected one day after the end of protocols for gas evaluation. The data shows that IH produced no significant change in mean arterial pressure of SHR [159 ± 9.02 (N = 4) vs 153 ± 7.85 mmHg (N = 7)] or WKY [115 ± 6.08 (N = 5) vs 111 ± 7.66 (N = 6) mmHg)] relative to their respective normoxic control. Since IH produced no changes in the cardiovascular parameters we propose that IH treatment protocol was not effective in reducing the overactivity of glomus cells in the carotid body of SHR.
{"title":"Chronic hyperoxic deactivation of peripheral chemoreceptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Does it lower arterial pressure?","authors":"Ítalo C. Raulino , Vinícius H. Ferreira , Juliana R. Souza , Mauro de Oliveira , Daniela Accorsi-Mendonça , Julian F.R. Paton , Benedito H. Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We hypothetized that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) exposed to chronic intermittent hyperoxia should reduce the high baseline arterial pressure (hypertension) observed in these animals. The rational for this study was based-upon the known overactivity of carotid chemoreceptors in SHR and their significant contribution to the maintenance of an increased sympathetic outflow and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we exposed SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, control) to intermittent hyperoxia (IH, FIO<sub>2</sub> increase from 20.8 to 30 % in 6 cycles/h) 8 h a day during 10 days. Systolic arterial pressure was evaluated every 2 days by tail plethysmography. At the end of the protocols the rats were anesthetized and catheters implanted for arterial pressure recordings and drug injections 24 hs later in the conscious freely moving condition. Respiratory frequency was evaluated by whole body plethysmography before and after the IH protocol and the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation (KCN) were evaluated one day after the end of protocol. Arterial blood samples were collected one day after the end of protocols for gas evaluation. The data shows that IH produced no significant change in mean arterial pressure of SHR [159 ± 9.02 (<em>N</em> = 4) vs 153 ± 7.85 mmHg (<em>N</em> = 7)] or WKY [115 ± 6.08 (<em>N</em> = 5) vs 111 ± 7.66 (<em>N</em> = 6) mmHg)] relative to their respective normoxic control. Since IH produced no changes in the cardiovascular parameters we propose that IH treatment protocol was not effective in reducing the overactivity of glomus cells in the carotid body of SHR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103309
Claire E. Kissell , Rachel J. Skow , Denis J. Wakeham , Takuro Washio , Giorgio Manferdelli , Mitchel Samels , Qi Fu , Mark J. Haykowsky , Tiffany L. Brazile , James P. MacNamara , Satyam Sarma , Benjamin D. Levine , Paul J. Fadel , Christopher M. Hearon Jr
Impaired exercise hyperemia and blunted vasoconstrictor responsiveness have been reported in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the degree to which vasodilatory capacity and sympathetic vasoconstrictor reserve are diminished. Given the integration of both vasodilation and vasoconstriction to appropriately regulate blood flow during exercise, we hypothesized that patients with HFpEF who are unable to vasoconstrict to sympatho-excitation (i.e., a cold pressor test; CPT; non-constrictors) have blunted leg blood flow (LBF) responses to single leg knee extensor (SLKE) exercise compared to patients with HFpEF who are able to vasoconstrict in response to sympatho-excitation (constrictors). Forty-three patients diagnosed with HFpEF underwent a CPT and performed submaximal and peak SLKE exercise while heart rate, blood pressure and common femoral artery blood flow were measured. The percent change in leg vascular conductance (LVC) during the CPT was used to categorize participants as non-constrictors (+26 ± 24%Δ LVC; n = 22, 16 female) or constrictors (−15 ± 14%Δ LVC; n = 21, 13 female). During submaximal SLKE exercise (7.5 watts) non-constrictors had a smaller increase in LBF (non-constrictors: Δ 1139 ± 425 ml/min; constrictors: Δ 1497 ± 454 ml/min; P = 0.011) and LVC (non-constrictors: Δ 9.8 ± 3.4 ml/min/mmHg; constrictors: Δ 13.3 ± 4.5 ml/min/mmHg; P = 0.007). LBF at peak SLKE exercise was also less in non-constrictors compared to constrictors (P = 0.033). In summary, patients with HFpEF without a sympathetic vasoconstrictor reserve present with impaired hemodynamic responses to exercise.
{"title":"Impaired exercise hemodynamic responses in patients with HFpEF without a sympathetic vasoconstrictor reserve","authors":"Claire E. Kissell , Rachel J. Skow , Denis J. Wakeham , Takuro Washio , Giorgio Manferdelli , Mitchel Samels , Qi Fu , Mark J. Haykowsky , Tiffany L. Brazile , James P. MacNamara , Satyam Sarma , Benjamin D. Levine , Paul J. Fadel , Christopher M. Hearon Jr","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Impaired exercise hyperemia and blunted vasoconstrictor responsiveness have been reported in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, there is considerable heterogeneity in the degree to which vasodilatory capacity and sympathetic vasoconstrictor reserve are diminished. Given the integration of both vasodilation and vasoconstriction to appropriately regulate blood flow during exercise, we hypothesized that patients with HFpEF who are unable to vasoconstrict to sympatho-excitation (i.e., a cold pressor test; CPT; non-constrictors) have blunted leg blood flow (LBF) responses to single leg knee extensor (SLKE) exercise compared to patients with HFpEF who are able to vasoconstrict in response to sympatho-excitation (constrictors). Forty-three patients diagnosed with HFpEF underwent a CPT and performed submaximal and peak SLKE exercise while heart rate, blood pressure and common femoral artery blood flow were measured. The percent change in leg vascular conductance (LVC) during the CPT was used to categorize participants as non-constrictors (+26 ± 24%Δ LVC; <em>n = 22</em>, 16 female) or constrictors (−15 ± 14%Δ LVC; <em>n = 21</em>, 13 female). During submaximal SLKE exercise (7.5 watts) non-constrictors had a smaller increase in LBF (non-constrictors: Δ 1139 ± 425 ml/min; constrictors: Δ 1497 ± 454 ml/min; <em>P</em> = 0.011) and LVC (non-constrictors: Δ 9.8 ± 3.4 ml/min/mmHg; constrictors: Δ 13.3 ± 4.5 ml/min/mmHg; <em>P</em> = 0.007). LBF at peak SLKE exercise was also less in non-constrictors compared to constrictors (<em>P</em> = 0.033). In summary, patients with HFpEF without a sympathetic vasoconstrictor reserve present with impaired hemodynamic responses to exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103310
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud , Edward A. Fox , Heike Münzberg , Sangho Yu , Angela Kim , Bradford B. Lowell , Winfried L. Neuhuber
The canonical autonomic nervous system pathway to peripheral targets consists of two neurons in series, i.e., preganglionic and postganglionic. However, several recent reports claim a direct innervation of some sub-diaphragmatic organs by neurons of the vagal dorsal motor nucleus without intercalated postganglionic neurons. The aim of this minireview is to summarize these studies e.g. on direct vagal preganglionic innervation of Brunner's glands, liver and spleen and to critically discuss their unorthodox findings and discrepancies with previous literature. We conclude that rigorous re-evaluation by complementary state-of-the-art strategies is obligatory.
{"title":"Direct vagal input to the gastrointestinal tract and other viscera: Re-definition of autonomic neuroscience or experimental artifacts?","authors":"Hans-Rudolf Berthoud , Edward A. Fox , Heike Münzberg , Sangho Yu , Angela Kim , Bradford B. Lowell , Winfried L. Neuhuber","doi":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The canonical autonomic nervous system pathway to peripheral targets consists of two neurons in series, i.e., preganglionic and postganglionic. However, several recent reports claim a direct innervation of some sub-diaphragmatic organs by neurons of the vagal dorsal motor nucleus without intercalated postganglionic neurons. The aim of this minireview is to summarize these studies e.g. on direct vagal preganglionic innervation of Brunner's glands, liver and spleen and to critically discuss their unorthodox findings and discrepancies with previous literature. We conclude that rigorous re-evaluation by complementary state-of-the-art strategies is obligatory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55410,"journal":{"name":"Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic & Clinical","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 103310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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