A number of arguments surround orthodontics and orthodontic treatment and this article aims to discuss the current thinking and evidence base associated with these controversies.
A number of arguments surround orthodontics and orthodontic treatment and this article aims to discuss the current thinking and evidence base associated with these controversies.
This article reviews three-dimensional (1D) surface scanning contrasted with 3D imaging. Precise techniques are now available for capture of the face and craniofacial structures as well as improved introoral scanning for the production of virtual 3D casts of the dentition. Facial and intraoral scanners have established an accuracy that makes them viable for use in the clinical and research arenas. Three-dimensional imaging is a field of rapid change and currently-available scanners will doubtlessly be surpassed in the near future. Although there is much overlap between the capabilities of different proprietary systems, there are subtle, yet significant, differences between manufacturers. The differences have the potential to make a purchased scanner not fulfil expectations as much for reasons of software compatibility and integration, as for clinical usability and accuracy.
This review article describes the changing approach to the management of various impacted teeth. Currently, more third molars are being retained, and it is likely that more patients will develop impactions than a generation ago because of non-extraction orthodontic treatment plans. There are still valid reasons for the surgical removal of selected third molars during the teenage years, during which time impaction can be anticipated to avoid the higher rate of morbidity associated with later removal. Palatally-impacted canines (PIC] can now often be managed with interceptive and non-surgical approaches, which are attractive options. The various approaches addressed in the literature are discussed.
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