Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention最新文献

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that primarily affects adults. The Stupp Protocol, which includes surgical resection, chemoradiation, and monotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ), is the standard treatment regimen for GBM. However, repeated use of TMZ leads to resistance in GBM cells, resulting in a poor prognosis for patients. This resistance is driven by several intrinsic factors. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers of resistance associated with stemness.

Methods: We utilized datasets from GEO, performed Venn diagram intersection analysis, conducted GO enrichment analysis using DAVID and ENRICHR, carried out pathway enrichment analysis with KEGG and REACTOME, and executed survival analysis with GEPIA. Additionally, we compared mRNA expression using the Human Protein Atlas and validated our findings with qRT-PCR.

Results: We identified that PAQR6 and ITPKB mRNA expression was consistently higher in TMZ-resistant T98G cells, but TGFBI mRNA expression was found to be significantly higher in TMZ-resistant T98G cells compared to U87MG cells. In addition, a significantly higher CD133 mRNA expression as a stemness marker was found in T98G cells compared to U87MG cells. It is hoped that the acquired disease-related resistance biomarker candidates will be able to be used at the clinical level in terms of non-invasive early detection in GBM patients. However, additional research is required to validate the findings of this preliminary biomarker discovery study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of genetic mutations linked to inherited breast and ovary cancer (HBOC) in the Indian population, and to evaluate the correlation of BRCA mutation types, frequency, and incidence with age, gender, and personal and family history.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 500 Indian HBOC patients, meeting NCCN criteria who underwent BRCA1/2 testing from 2017 to 2023 were shortlisted for this study. The anonymized data was retrieved from medical records. Genetic analysis was conducted using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Thermo Ion GeneStudio™ S5 System, with positive mutations confirmed via Sanger sequencing. Peripheral blood samples were processed for DNA extraction, library preparation, and variant classification following ACMG guidelines.

Results: Out of the 500 patients, 119 (23.8%) were positive for BRCA mutations, and 381 (76.2%) were negative. The prevalence of BRCA pathogenesis, likely pathogenicity, and variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) were 14.8%, 1.6%, and 7.4%, respectively. A total of 128 mutations were detected in the positive BRCA1/2 patients. A statistically significant correlation was found between BRCA mutations with the patient and family history. A total of 38.8% of the patients with mutations had a family history of BC, OC or BC/OC, while 7.6% had other cancers. BRCA mutations were predominant (26.2%) in the age group of 46-65 Y. Among the 128 mutations, 59.3% (76/128) and 40.6% (52/12) of the patients had mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. Missense mutations were the most common in both the BRCA1 (30.26%) and BRCA2 (55.77%) genes, followed by frameshift (22.3%) and nonsense (17.3%) mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively.

Conclusion: BRCA positivity was detected in 23.8% of the patients. A statistically significant association was shown between BRCA mutations and patient and family history.

Background: One key feature that distinguishes cancerous cell populations from their normal counterparts is a heightened tendency towards uncontrolled growth and invasive activity. Therapeutic techniques like radiotherapy can impact the viability and invasive behavior of cancer cells by modifying the structure of DNA and inducing programmed cell death.

Methods: This research is an experimental study and involved a comprehensive investigation into the effects of 6MV X-ray radiotherapy on various absorbed doses (ranging from 4 to 10 Gy by steps 2Gy) on toxicity, migration, and colony formation in C6 glioblastoma cellular cultures.

Results: Our detailed analysis revealed that the cytotoxic responses increased in a dose-dependent manner, while there was a significant decrease in both the ability to migrate and form colonies in the C6 cell line.

Conclusions: This thorough examination provides new insights into the way malignant cell populations respond to ionizing radiation in a dose-dependent manner within a clinical setting. By directly impacting cellular functions and causing disturbances, this occurrence leads to a slowing down of disease progression.

Background/aims: Variations in cirrhosis management practices and care quality affect patient prognoses and outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the number of successful cirrhosis care processes and the relationship between the quality statement implementation and clinical outcomes in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Eighteen process-based methods were independently assessed. Measurement indices for each participant were selected per cirrhosis severity. Service quality was determined using standard settings for each process-based gap scale. The optimal care group comprised participants who adhered to all instruction quality indices. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed the 90-day readmission and mortality rates relating to the optimal quality care.

Results: Of the 205 patients (73.2% male; mean age, 62.7±11.8 years), the median Model for End-stage Liver Disease score was 15.35 (9.37-21.37), and the majority were Child-Pugh B/C. Previously set performance gaps were observed for 13/18 quality processes, and 5/13 clinical processes attained the final goal. Paracentesis in ascites patients, antibiotic administration within 12 hours of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis diagnosis, and precipitating factors identification with lactulose therapy were the top three quality index (QI) accomplishments. Out of 205 patients, 84 attained optimal care. Concerning optimal care, although the readmission rate remained same, patients with decompensated Child-Pugh C who received excellent complete QI care had significantly increased both 1-month (100% vs. 43.5%; p=0.022) and 3-month (100% vs. 26.1%; p=0.022) survival in comparison to those receiving incomplete QI care.

Conclusion: Using quality metrics for the appropriate stage of individual cirrhosis treatment is advocated as best practice. Adherence to standard practices improves clinical outcomes.

Aim: To study the dosimetric behavior of dose computational algorithms in inhomogeneous medium using CMS XiO and MONACO treatment planning system (TPS) for 4 megavoltage (MV), 6 MV and 15 MV photon beam energies.

Material and methods: Styrofoam blocks of thickness 1.90 cm, 3.8 cm and 5.70 cm was used to introduce inhomogeneity in a slab phantom. Wipro GE computed tomography (CT) scanner was used to scan the phantom. Doses were computed on the central axis of the beam using convolution (C), superposition (S), fast superposition (FS), collapsed cone convolution (CCC) and monte carlo (MC) algorithms for field geometries of 5x5 cm2 and 10x10 cm2 for above said photon beam energies, respectively. An Ion chamber (IC) of 0.6 cc volume was used for the dose measurements. The deviation between measured and TPS computed doses were recorded.

Results: The PDD (Percentage depth dose) data obtained from the TPS (calculated data) and LINAC (measured data) was used for comparison based on different algorithms in order to calculate the percentage of maximum deviation (PMD). The PMD in MC algorithm were calculated for field sizes of 5x5 cm2 and 10x10 cm2 are found to be in ranging from 0.73% to -4.49% for 4MV,  1.62% to -2.42% for 6MV and 4.53% to -1.47%  for 15 MV for 1.90 cm air gap, 2.21% to -3.75% for 4MV, 3.87% to -2.88% for 6 MV and 4.87% to -3.46%  for 15 MV for 3.80 cm air gap, 2.77% to -4.66% for 4MV, 3.87% to -2.86% for 6 MV and 5.66% to -4.92% for 15 MV for 5.70cm air gap which is less as compared to CCC, C, FS, and S algorithms.

Conclusion: The comparison of C, S, FS, CCC and MC algorithms demonstrated that MC having better agreement with IC measurements. In conclusion, MC is a superior option for dose computation, particularly in the presence of low-density heterogeneities.

Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer that does not express the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PR), or the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). TNBC has limited treatment targets, including the androgen receptor (AR). However, the therapeutic strategies-based AR expression in TNBC remains uncertain. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of neoadjuvant treatment on TNBC androgen receptor-positive versus receptor-negative patients.

Methods: A systematic search was performed through databases to search for cohort studies that compared the effect of neoadjuvant treatment on TNBC androgen receptor-positive versus TNBC receptor-negative patients. The Mantel-Haenzel and Inverse Variance methods obtained a fixed-effects model of pooled odds or hazard ratios for the primary outcomes.

Results: Fifteen cohort studies, including 2,713 patients with TNBC, were assessed. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is less superior on AR+ patients than AR- (OR = 0.60, p = 0.02). For survival outcomes, the AR+ subtype is associated with better 3-year DFS (HR = 0.93, p = 0.69) and 3-year OS (HR = 0.71, p = 0.20) compared with AR-. The statistical value is insignificant.

Conclusion: The prognostic value of AR expression in TNBC is not fully understood, which is an inconclusive result.

Objective: The purpose of this research intended to determine the impact of an multi-component exercise program on body composition and physical, emotional and social well being (PWB, EWB,SWB) in breast cancer survivors (BCS).  Methods: One hundred and thirty two eight women with BC were enrolled in this research based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomized into group A and B. Group A received breast cancer (BC) support group therapy whereas group B received multi-component exercise program. Waist Hip ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Circumference measurement and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy  Breast (FACT-B) scale were employed as outcome measures. To validate the outcomes, pre- and post-assessments of the mentioned measures were conducted. Statistical evaluation was conducted with SPSS statistical software (version 26.0).

Results: The findings revealed considerable improvement among the group for homolateral and contralateral arm and forearm, right and left thigh and right and left leg circumference (p=0.0087,0.0162, 0.0061, 0.0048, 0.0266,0.0142,0.0364, 0.0021), FACT-B (p=0.008, 0.002, 0.007,0.01,0.001,<0.0001), conversely no significant enhancement was observed for BMI (p=0.743) and WHR (p=0.6614) of patients undergoing multi-component exercise as compared to other group. Also, significant improvement between the groups was observed for circumference(0.0478,0.0305,0.0279,0.0240,0.0374,0.0293,0.0420,0.0334,0.0449,0.0260,0.0412 ,0.0160,0.0454,0.0324,0.0375,0.0214), FACT-B (0.51, 0.045, 0.313, 0.238, 0.593, 0.049, 0.405, <0.0001,  0.190, 0.015,0.131,0.176,0.006,<0.0001), conversely no significant enhancement was observed for BMI (p=0.9634, 0.364), WHR (p=0.988, 0.915) at post treatment 6 month and 1 year.

Conclusion: The study concluded that multi-component exercise program had shown a significant effect on body composition and PWB, EWB, SWB among BCS.

Background and objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as one of the major public health problems and deadly malignancies worldwide. Today, the use of compounds of natural origin in the treatment of cancer and other diseases has been of interest to researchers. Marine compounds such as algae have anti-cancer effects. In addition, Sea algae have nutritional value. This research is designed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Hypnea flagelliformis (H. flagelliformis) extracts (methanolic, diethyl ether and n-hexane) on HCC mitochondria.

Material and method: HCC was induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in rats. Then, toxicity parameters were evaluated.

Results: The results showed that all H. flagelliformis extracts (250, 500 and 1000 µg/ml) significantly caused toxicity in HCC mitochondria, and no effect on healthy mitochondria was reported.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of H. flagelliformis along with selected drugs in the treatment of HCC can help in the treatment of this cancer.

Background: There is a paucity of literature regarding the effect of anesthetic techniques on anti-tumor immunity, especially in Oral cavity Malignancies. We designed a study to evaluate the effect of 3 anesthetic techniques - Opioid, Lignocaine infusion and Dexmeditomedine infusion-based on anti-tumor immunity, using TGF-β, T-helper cell profile and inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and IL-10.

Methods: A pilot prospective randomized trial was conducted in 90 patients undergoing surgery for Oral cavity malignancy under general anesthesia in a tertiary specialty cancer hospital. Adult cancer patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-III fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized to either group A (Opioid general anesthesia), group B (lignocaine infusion-based general anesthesia), or group C (Dexmedetomidine infusion-based general anesthesia). Preoperative (morning of surgery) and postoperative (24 hours after surgery) blood samples were obtained. Statistical analysis was done, and the results were analyzed.

Results: Demographic profile and pre-operative parameters were comparable between both groups. We did not find any statistically significant difference in the Post-operative levels of TGF-β, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Monocyte Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), IL-6, IL-10, and T-helper cell profile( IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-4 as surrogate markers) among the three study groups. However, it was noted that the overall Opioid consumption was markedly reduced in Group C without any major adverse effects being noted.

Objective: This study aimed to identify upregulated genes in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells and investigate the impact of downregulating NAD(P) H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) on the survival of these cells.

Methods: Transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to pinpoint upregulated genes and associated cancer-related pathways in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells, comparing them to HPV-negative cervical cancer cells. NQO1 gene knockdown was performed in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell lines to assess its effect on cell survival, including parameters such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT pathway, p53, and RECK.

Results: Genes with a fold change ≥4.0 in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cell lines were predominantly localized to the extracellular region and plasma membrane. These genes were involved in protein binding and cell adhesion, influencing cellular responses to stimuli and tissue development. KEGG pathway analysis identified the most significant pathways, including metabolic pathways, cancer pathways, MAPK signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling. Knockdown of NQO1 significantly decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while increasing apoptosis in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, proteins associated with the PI3K-AKT pathway were downregulated, while p53 and RECK protein levels were elevated.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that NQO1 plays a crucial role in promoting migration and invasion in HPV16-positive cervical cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.