Juan Ramón Santana, P. Sotres, Jesús Pérez, Luis Sánchez, J. Lanza, Luis Muñoz
The dramatic increase of the urban population has put a lot of pressure in modern urban transportation systems. This not only implies noteworthy air pollution, and waste in time and energy, but also has led to the critical issue of the parking spots scarcity. Finding a parking spot has become one of the most common problems mentioned by drivers due to the day-by-day increase in number of vehicles. To overcome this problem, smart parking services based on sensors to detect parking spot occupancy status and inform drivers about their availability have been proposed. With the successful deployment of this kind of solutions, costs associated with traffic jams or wasted gas can be considerably reduced. However, one of the main challenges to be addressed when planning and deploying this kind of services is the communication technology employed by parking sensors, which are typically buried under the asphalt, and has to be able to cover large areas of the city in the most cost-efficient way. In this paper, we analyze the behavior and performance of a LoRaWAN network employed for supporting a Smart Parking service in the city of Santander. The sensors and network deployment are described in the paper and the thorough experimental assessment and evaluation of the network behavior is presented. The goal of this evaluation is to provide a better understanding of the key factors affecting the communication of outdoor parking spots. Through the continuous monitoring of two parking sensor deployments in the city, we derive some conclusions and lessons learnt that could benefit the planning and deployment of city-scale IoT infrastructures employing LoRaWAN networks as their wireless access technology.
{"title":"LoRaWAN-based Smart Parking Service: Deployment and Performance Evaluation","authors":"Juan Ramón Santana, P. Sotres, Jesús Pérez, Luis Sánchez, J. Lanza, Luis Muñoz","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558685","url":null,"abstract":"The dramatic increase of the urban population has put a lot of pressure in modern urban transportation systems. This not only implies noteworthy air pollution, and waste in time and energy, but also has led to the critical issue of the parking spots scarcity. Finding a parking spot has become one of the most common problems mentioned by drivers due to the day-by-day increase in number of vehicles. To overcome this problem, smart parking services based on sensors to detect parking spot occupancy status and inform drivers about their availability have been proposed. With the successful deployment of this kind of solutions, costs associated with traffic jams or wasted gas can be considerably reduced. However, one of the main challenges to be addressed when planning and deploying this kind of services is the communication technology employed by parking sensors, which are typically buried under the asphalt, and has to be able to cover large areas of the city in the most cost-efficient way. In this paper, we analyze the behavior and performance of a LoRaWAN network employed for supporting a Smart Parking service in the city of Santander. The sensors and network deployment are described in the paper and the thorough experimental assessment and evaluation of the network behavior is presented. The goal of this evaluation is to provide a better understanding of the key factors affecting the communication of outdoor parking spots. Through the continuous monitoring of two parking sensor deployments in the city, we derive some conclusions and lessons learnt that could benefit the planning and deployment of city-scale IoT infrastructures employing LoRaWAN networks as their wireless access technology.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89281767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Saleh, Ana Fernández Vilas, M. Fernández-Veiga, Y. El-Sonbaty, Nashwa El-Bendary
Nowadays, the ubiquitous usage of mobile devices and networks have raised concerns about the loss of control over personal data and research advance towards the trade-off between privacy and utility in scenarios that combine exchange communications, big databases and distributed and collaborative (P2P) Machine Learning techniques. On the other hand, although Federated Learning (FL) provides some level of privacy by retaining the data at the local node, which executes a local training to enrich a global model, this scenario is still susceptible to privacy breaches as membership inference attacks. To provide a stronger level of privacy, this research deploys an experimental environment for FL with Differential Privacy (DP) using benchmark datasets. The obtained results show that the election of parameters and techniques of DP is central in the aforementioned trade-off between privacy and utility by means of a classification example.
{"title":"Using Decentralized Aggregation for Federated Learning with Differential Privacy","authors":"H. Saleh, Ana Fernández Vilas, M. Fernández-Veiga, Y. El-Sonbaty, Nashwa El-Bendary","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558682","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the ubiquitous usage of mobile devices and networks have raised concerns about the loss of control over personal data and research advance towards the trade-off between privacy and utility in scenarios that combine exchange communications, big databases and distributed and collaborative (P2P) Machine Learning techniques. On the other hand, although Federated Learning (FL) provides some level of privacy by retaining the data at the local node, which executes a local training to enrich a global model, this scenario is still susceptible to privacy breaches as membership inference attacks. To provide a stronger level of privacy, this research deploys an experimental environment for FL with Differential Privacy (DP) using benchmark datasets. The obtained results show that the election of parameters and techniques of DP is central in the aforementioned trade-off between privacy and utility by means of a classification example.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90504126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuria González Serrato, Marta Solera Delgado, Fernando Ruiz-Vega, Carolina Gijón Martín, Matías Toril Genovés
Several upcoming 5G and 6G services will rely on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) sending live information to remote terminals in Beyond Visual Line of Sight scenarios. Thus, understanding the traffic flows in these services that might influence end-user experience is key for network operators. One of these services is first person view drone control, consisting on the remote control of the UAV by the live video visualized in a ground control station. This work presents the assembly, integration and evaluation methodology of an UAV quadrotor connected to a wireless network Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network and WiFi radio interfaces. To assess latency, three different connectivity options between UAV and ground control station have been tested, namely connection via LTE server-based, LTE and peer-to-peer WiFi connection. Then, several experiments are carried out to characterize telemetry, control and video traffic for FPV service over the above schemes. Later, a methodology is defined to estimate Quality-of-Experience (QoE) for this service based on objective image quality and latency measurements collected at network and application level. Results show that the QoE assessment methodology introduced in this work is consistent as a basis to define QoE models for cellular network management.
{"title":"A Quality of Experience Evaluation Methodology for First-Person-View Drone Control in Cellular Networks","authors":"Nuria González Serrato, Marta Solera Delgado, Fernando Ruiz-Vega, Carolina Gijón Martín, Matías Toril Genovés","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558678","url":null,"abstract":"Several upcoming 5G and 6G services will rely on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) sending live information to remote terminals in Beyond Visual Line of Sight scenarios. Thus, understanding the traffic flows in these services that might influence end-user experience is key for network operators. One of these services is first person view drone control, consisting on the remote control of the UAV by the live video visualized in a ground control station. This work presents the assembly, integration and evaluation methodology of an UAV quadrotor connected to a wireless network Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network and WiFi radio interfaces. To assess latency, three different connectivity options between UAV and ground control station have been tested, namely connection via LTE server-based, LTE and peer-to-peer WiFi connection. Then, several experiments are carried out to characterize telemetry, control and video traffic for FPV service over the above schemes. Later, a methodology is defined to estimate Quality-of-Experience (QoE) for this service based on objective image quality and latency measurements collected at network and application level. Results show that the QoE assessment methodology introduced in this work is consistent as a basis to define QoE models for cellular network management.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85832747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Dylan Cirimelli-Low, Shedieh Homayon
ALOHA with priority acknowledgments (ACK) is transformed into a collision-free channel access method by increasing the amount of working memory capacity with which communicating nodes remember each node that has requested to join the channel successfully. This results in ALOHA-NUI, for neighborhood understood index. The throughput of ALOHA-NUI is compared with the throughput of TDMA with a fixed transmission schedule, ALOHA with priority ACK's, and CSMA with priority ACK's analytically and by simulation. ALOHA-NUI is shown to attain the high throughput of collision-free transmission scheduling methods that usually require clock synchronization while maintaining most of the simplicity of ALOHA with priority ACK's.
{"title":"Making ALOHA Intelligent Taking Advantage of Working Memory Capacity","authors":"J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Dylan Cirimelli-Low, Shedieh Homayon","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558592","url":null,"abstract":"ALOHA with priority acknowledgments (ACK) is transformed into a collision-free channel access method by increasing the amount of working memory capacity with which communicating nodes remember each node that has requested to join the channel successfully. This results in ALOHA-NUI, for neighborhood understood index. The throughput of ALOHA-NUI is compared with the throughput of TDMA with a fixed transmission schedule, ALOHA with priority ACK's, and CSMA with priority ACK's analytically and by simulation. ALOHA-NUI is shown to attain the high throughput of collision-free transmission scheduling methods that usually require clock synchronization while maintaining most of the simplicity of ALOHA with priority ACK's.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80673983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. León, Carlos Lester Dueñas Santos, A. M. Mezher, J. Cardenas-Barrera, J. Meng, Eduardo Castillo Guerra
Electric power is a widely used resource around the world and has relied heavily on fossil energy sources that are expensive and polluting. Therefore, there is an urgent need to move to a low-carbon economy, avoid unpredictable fuel costs and replace aging infrastructure. However, this requires a radical transformation of the electricity system, and communication technologies can play this important role. In this work, we present an evaluation by means of network simulations of the leading technologies used in Wireless Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks. This sub-network provides communication between home users and utility control centers. In this regard, we have configured and adapted the OMNeT++ and ns-3 simulators to implement IEEE 802.15.4g, LoRa (Longe Range), IEEE 802.11s, and 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) wireless technologies in the context of Smart Grid communications. To the best of our knowledge, there are no equivalent works in the literature that evaluate and compare these technologies using realistic network simulations. Simulation results show how wireless technology selection can significantly influence packet delivery ratio, network transit time, and compliant throughput metrics.
{"title":"How does the Selection of Wireless Technology Impact the Performance of the Smart Grid? A Simulation Approach","authors":"J. León, Carlos Lester Dueñas Santos, A. M. Mezher, J. Cardenas-Barrera, J. Meng, Eduardo Castillo Guerra","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558673","url":null,"abstract":"Electric power is a widely used resource around the world and has relied heavily on fossil energy sources that are expensive and polluting. Therefore, there is an urgent need to move to a low-carbon economy, avoid unpredictable fuel costs and replace aging infrastructure. However, this requires a radical transformation of the electricity system, and communication technologies can play this important role. In this work, we present an evaluation by means of network simulations of the leading technologies used in Wireless Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Networks. This sub-network provides communication between home users and utility control centers. In this regard, we have configured and adapted the OMNeT++ and ns-3 simulators to implement IEEE 802.15.4g, LoRa (Longe Range), IEEE 802.11s, and 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) wireless technologies in the context of Smart Grid communications. To the best of our knowledge, there are no equivalent works in the literature that evaluate and compare these technologies using realistic network simulations. Simulation results show how wireless technology selection can significantly influence packet delivery ratio, network transit time, and compliant throughput metrics.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79639083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drones have been used in several applications, such as monitoring, search and rescue, urban sensing, traffic management, and delivery of goods. Soon, all these applications must share the same airspace forming the Internet of Drones (IoD). The IoD will allow the controlled access of drones to the airspace through the airways, guaranteeing the environment safety, management, and fair use. One of the most prominent challenges of IoD is the mobility of drones that might happen freely in space or along predefined airways, as expected in urban environments. Scanning applications such as monitoring, search and rescue, and sensing may require drones to cover an entire metropolitan area. In IoD, path planning for a drone, in the case of airways, must consider factors such as the number of drones available in the application and the airways. In this work, we propose a method of coverage path planning for IoD (CPP-IoD). Specifically, we introduce a technique that considers the IoD environment. Our results show better path planning coverage regarding traveled distance and uniformity between drone paths compared to the baseline algorithm.
{"title":"Coverage Path Planning for Internet of Drones","authors":"L. M. Bine, A. Boukerche, L. B. Ruiz, A. Loureiro","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558675","url":null,"abstract":"Drones have been used in several applications, such as monitoring, search and rescue, urban sensing, traffic management, and delivery of goods. Soon, all these applications must share the same airspace forming the Internet of Drones (IoD). The IoD will allow the controlled access of drones to the airspace through the airways, guaranteeing the environment safety, management, and fair use. One of the most prominent challenges of IoD is the mobility of drones that might happen freely in space or along predefined airways, as expected in urban environments. Scanning applications such as monitoring, search and rescue, and sensing may require drones to cover an entire metropolitan area. In IoD, path planning for a drone, in the case of airways, must consider factors such as the number of drones available in the application and the airways. In this work, we propose a method of coverage path planning for IoD (CPP-IoD). Specifically, we introduce a technique that considers the IoD environment. Our results show better path planning coverage regarding traveled distance and uniformity between drone paths compared to the baseline algorithm.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89439059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo García Santaclara, Ana Fernández Vilas, R. Redondo
In the age of technology, data is an increasingly important resource. This importance is growing in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where sub fields such as Machine Learning (ML) need more and more data to achieve better results. Internet of Things (IoT) is the connection of sensors and smart objects to collect and exchange data, in addition to achieving many other tasks. A huge amount of the resource desired, data, is stored in mobile devices, sensors and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices, but remains there due to data protection restrictions. At the same time these devices do not have enough data or computational capacity to train good models. Moreover, transmitting, storing and processing all this data on a centralised server is problematic. Federated Learning (FL) provides an innovative solution that allows devices to learn in a collaborative way. More importantly, it accomplishes this without violating data protection laws. FL is currently growing, and there are several solutions that implement it. This article presents a prototype of a FL solution where the IoT devices used were raspberry pi boards. The results compare the performance of a solution of this type with those obtained in traditional approaches. In addition, the FL solution performance was tested in a hostile environment. A convolutional neural network (CNN) and a image data set were used. The results show the feasibility and usability of these techniques, although in many cases they do not reach the performance of traditional approaches.
{"title":"Prototype of deployment of Federated Learning with IoT devices","authors":"Pablo García Santaclara, Ana Fernández Vilas, R. Redondo","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558681","url":null,"abstract":"In the age of technology, data is an increasingly important resource. This importance is growing in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where sub fields such as Machine Learning (ML) need more and more data to achieve better results. Internet of Things (IoT) is the connection of sensors and smart objects to collect and exchange data, in addition to achieving many other tasks. A huge amount of the resource desired, data, is stored in mobile devices, sensors and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices, but remains there due to data protection restrictions. At the same time these devices do not have enough data or computational capacity to train good models. Moreover, transmitting, storing and processing all this data on a centralised server is problematic. Federated Learning (FL) provides an innovative solution that allows devices to learn in a collaborative way. More importantly, it accomplishes this without violating data protection laws. FL is currently growing, and there are several solutions that implement it. This article presents a prototype of a FL solution where the IoT devices used were raspberry pi boards. The results compare the performance of a solution of this type with those obtained in traditional approaches. In addition, the FL solution performance was tested in a hostile environment. A convolutional neural network (CNN) and a image data set were used. The results show the feasibility and usability of these techniques, although in many cases they do not reach the performance of traditional approaches.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79245762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Hervella, Luis Díez, F. Fernández, N. J. H. Marcano, R. Jacobsen, Ramón Agüero
We study the performance exhibited by transport protocols, TCP and QUIC, over realistic satellite networks. We propose a novel methodology, which combines real implementation (exploiting virtualization techniques) and simulation, to carry out systematic and repetitive experiments. We modify the default operation of the ns-3 framework and we integrate the dynamism that characterizes links in satellite communications, particularly links to LEO satellites. We carry out a thorough assessment over different setups, changing the operating band and the buffer length. In addition, we ascertain the impact of using the multi-streaming feature that QUIC includes. The results show that QUIC yields lower delays than TCP, although in particular setups it might suffer from higher jitter. In addition, using multiple streams in QUIC does not yield a relevant gain. In any case, we can conclude that the behavior of transport protocols over non-terrestrial-networks might not be always optimum and that QUIC can bring benefits when compared to TCP.
{"title":"Realistic Assessment of Transport Protocols Performance over LEO-based Communications","authors":"Cristina Hervella, Luis Díez, F. Fernández, N. J. H. Marcano, R. Jacobsen, Ramón Agüero","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558680","url":null,"abstract":"We study the performance exhibited by transport protocols, TCP and QUIC, over realistic satellite networks. We propose a novel methodology, which combines real implementation (exploiting virtualization techniques) and simulation, to carry out systematic and repetitive experiments. We modify the default operation of the ns-3 framework and we integrate the dynamism that characterizes links in satellite communications, particularly links to LEO satellites. We carry out a thorough assessment over different setups, changing the operating band and the buffer length. In addition, we ascertain the impact of using the multi-streaming feature that QUIC includes. The results show that QUIC yields lower delays than TCP, although in particular setups it might suffer from higher jitter. In addition, using multiple streams in QUIC does not yield a relevant gain. In any case, we can conclude that the behavior of transport protocols over non-terrestrial-networks might not be always optimum and that QUIC can bring benefits when compared to TCP.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79933494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5121/jgraphoc.2022.14301
Carlos Enrique Gómez FrÃas, Shuming Xiong, M. Asim
In Smart Home (SH) the devices and appliances can be controlled automatically and remotely via the internet. Sensors in a smart home detect changes, which are processed and used to make intelligent decisions, such as automatically turning on the lights. To be effective, a smart home's sensors must be connected, establishing a wireless sensor network as the backbone for the smart home's functionalities. For many researchers, the performance of WSN faces several challenges. Power consumption is the most crucial factor since nodes require power to collect, process, and send data but have limited energy. As a result we propose an improved protocol for WSN in smart homes called EEP-LEACH (Energy Efficient Protocol - Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) based on the LEACH protocol. Matlab was used for the algorithm's performance analysis, and the simulation result showed that, compared to others protocols the death time of the nodes was longer, thus managing to balance the consumption of energy of the network nodes. Python and Arduino are used in this research to perform some simulations.
在智能家居(SH)中，设备和电器可以通过互联网自动远程控制。智能家居中的传感器检测到变化，这些变化被处理并用于做出智能决策，例如自动打开灯。为了有效，智能家居的传感器必须连接起来，建立无线传感器网络作为智能家居功能的骨干。对于许多研究人员来说，无线传感器网络的性能面临着几个挑战。功耗是最关键的因素，因为节点需要电力来收集、处理和发送数据，但能量有限。为此，我们提出了一种基于LEACH协议的智能家居WSN改进协议EEP-LEACH (Energy Efficient protocol - Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)。利用Matlab对该算法进行性能分析，仿真结果表明，与其他协议相比，该算法的节点死亡时间更长，从而平衡了网络节点的能量消耗。本研究使用Python和Arduino进行一些模拟。
{"title":"An Energy-Efficient Protocol Based on Leach for Smart Home","authors":"Carlos Enrique Gómez FrÃas, Shuming Xiong, M. Asim","doi":"10.5121/jgraphoc.2022.14301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/jgraphoc.2022.14301","url":null,"abstract":"In Smart Home (SH) the devices and appliances can be controlled automatically and remotely via the internet. Sensors in a smart home detect changes, which are processed and used to make intelligent decisions, such as automatically turning on the lights. To be effective, a smart home's sensors must be connected, establishing a wireless sensor network as the backbone for the smart home's functionalities. For many researchers, the performance of WSN faces several challenges. Power consumption is the most crucial factor since nodes require power to collect, process, and send data but have limited energy. As a result we propose an improved protocol for WSN in smart homes called EEP-LEACH (Energy Efficient Protocol - Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) based on the LEACH protocol. Matlab was used for the algorithm's performance analysis, and the simulation result showed that, compared to others protocols the death time of the nodes was longer, thus managing to balance the consumption of energy of the network nodes. Python and Arduino are used in this research to perform some simulations.","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74077508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martín González Soto, B. F. Castro, R. Redondo, M. Fernández-Veiga
{"title":"XuILVQ: A River Implementation of the Incremental Learning Vector Quantization for IoT","authors":"Martín González Soto, B. F. Castro, R. Redondo, M. Fernández-Veiga","doi":"10.1145/3551663.3558676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3551663.3558676","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55557,"journal":{"name":"Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78694889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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