Naya Quintana, Y. Jayaro, M. Ávila, Marbella Romero, Nancy Clisanchez, Yenny Alejos
El arroz constituye uno de los rubros agrícolas de mayor importancia en Venezuela y el conocimiento del vigor de la semilla puede aportar información sobre su eventual desempeño en campo. Semillas de ocho cultivares de arroz con distintos tiempos de almacenamiento fueron sometidos a pruebas de germinación estándar (PG), emergencia en campo (EC), primer conteo de germinación (Pc5) y envejecimiento acelerado (EA), con la finalidad de evaluar los últimos dos métodos como indicadores del vigor de la semilla. Los resultados de la PG variaron entre cultivares de arroz, y para todos los lotes de semilla la EC siempre fue menor que la PG, demostrando el mayor estrés en las condiciones de campo. No hubo correlación entre el tiempo de almacenamiento y la PG o EC, evidenciando que otros factores también afectaron la germinación. La línea regresora de EC en función de PG fue moderada y explicó menos del 50 % de la variabilidad existente en los datos. El Pc5 mostró una baja asociación con la emergencia en campo (r2 = 0,1753), y entre los métodos de EA evaluados, la incubación por 72 horas (EA72) mostró la mejor asociación con la emergencia en campo (r2 = 0,6669; P = 0,0134), siendo así el más indicado entre los métodos evaluados para la estimación del vigor de la semilla de arroz de los cultivares probados y en los ambientes donde se llevó a cabo el ensayo.
{"title":"Evaluación del vigor en semillas de ocho cultivares de arroz mediante pruebas de primer conteo de germinación y envejecimiento acelerado","authors":"Naya Quintana, Y. Jayaro, M. Ávila, Marbella Romero, Nancy Clisanchez, Yenny Alejos","doi":"10.51372/bioagro361.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro361.12","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000El arroz constituye uno de los rubros agrícolas de mayor importancia en Venezuela y el conocimiento del vigor de la semilla puede aportar información sobre su eventual desempeño en campo. Semillas de ocho cultivares de arroz con distintos tiempos de almacenamiento fueron sometidos a pruebas de germinación estándar (PG), emergencia en campo (EC), primer conteo de germinación (Pc5) y envejecimiento acelerado (EA), con la finalidad de evaluar los últimos dos métodos como indicadores del vigor de la semilla. Los resultados de la PG variaron entre cultivares de arroz, y para todos los lotes de semilla la EC siempre fue menor que la PG, demostrando el mayor estrés en las condiciones de campo. No hubo correlación entre el tiempo de almacenamiento y la PG o EC, evidenciando que otros factores también afectaron la germinación. La línea regresora de EC en función de PG fue moderada y explicó menos del 50 % de la variabilidad existente en los datos. El Pc5 mostró una baja asociación con la emergencia en campo (r2 = 0,1753), y entre los métodos de EA evaluados, la incubación por 72 horas (EA72) mostró la mejor asociación con la emergencia en campo (r2 = 0,6669; P = 0,0134), siendo así el más indicado entre los métodos evaluados para la estimación del vigor de la semilla de arroz de los cultivares probados y en los ambientes donde se llevó a cabo el ensayo.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":"50 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonicley da Silva Maia, O. Smiderle, A. D. G. Souza, Salvador Barros Torres
Eugenia stipitata is a fruit species from the Amazon that is important in traditional medicine due to its therapeutic properties. Estimates of seed viability in this species are still scarce, and it is necessary to develop rapid tests to determine the quality of the seeds. The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the tetrazolium test to estimate viability and germination in seeds of E. stipitata with and without storage. The design was completely randomised in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with 10 replications. The results of the tetrazolium and germination tests show that seeds of E. stipitata lose their viability when stored for six months in water at ambient temperature. Neither small nor large seeds stored for six months in water at ambient temperature are recommended for use with the tetrazolium test. Small, freshly harvested, unstored seeds show a germination potential of 100%. The tetrazolium test is efficient in determining the viability of small and large seeds of Eugenia stipitate with no storage.
Eugenia stipitata 是亚马逊河流域的一种水果物种，因其治疗特性而在传统医学中占有重要地位。对该物种种子存活率的估计仍然很少，因此有必要开发快速检测方法来确定种子的质量。本研究的目的是确定四氮唑试验是否适用于评估 E. stipitata 种子在贮藏和未贮藏情况下的存活率和发芽率。设计采用完全随机的 2 x 2 因子方案，10 次重复。四氮唑试验和发芽试验的结果表明，在环境温度下将 E. stipitata 种子在水中贮藏 6 个月会失去活力。无论是小粒种子还是大粒种子，在常温水中存放 6 个月后都不建议使用四氮唑试验。新鲜采收、未贮藏的小粒种子的发芽率为 100%。四氮唑试验可有效测定未贮藏的小粒和大粒紫丁香种子的活力。
{"title":"Do storage of Eugenia stipitata seeds affect their germination and efficacy of the tetrazolium viability test?","authors":"Sonicley da Silva Maia, O. Smiderle, A. D. G. Souza, Salvador Barros Torres","doi":"10.51372/bioagro361.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro361.11","url":null,"abstract":"Eugenia stipitata is a fruit species from the Amazon that is important in traditional medicine due to its therapeutic properties. Estimates of seed viability in this species are still scarce, and it is necessary to develop rapid tests to determine the quality of the seeds. The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the tetrazolium test to estimate viability and germination in seeds of E. stipitata with and without storage. The design was completely randomised in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme with 10 replications. The results of the tetrazolium and germination tests show that seeds of E. stipitata lose their viability when stored for six months in water at ambient temperature. Neither small nor large seeds stored for six months in water at ambient temperature are recommended for use with the tetrazolium test. Small, freshly harvested, unstored seeds show a germination potential of 100%. The tetrazolium test is efficient in determining the viability of small and large seeds of Eugenia stipitate with no storage.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":"56 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Talison Eugenio Da Costa, Vitor R. Oliveira Maia, Jorge A. Da Silva Neto, Rosecleide Maia Da Silva, A. M. Paiva Negreiros, Rui Sales Júnior, Ioná S. Araújo Holanda
It was studied the pathogenicity of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina isolates in melon seedlings and their influence on protein expression of the crop. For this purpose, two isolates of the fungus were inoculated in Golden and Cantaloupe melon seedlings using the toothpick method. Thirty days after inoculation, disease incidence and severity were assessed using pre-established scales; additionally, stem and root length and fresh weight was evaluated. Protein extraction from plant tissues was performed using the phenol/SDS precipitation method and quantification by the Bradford method. The protein samples were subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Then, the existence of polymorphism and molecular weight of bands detected in the samples were evaluated. M. pseudophaseolina isolates caused root rot in all inoculated melon seedlings. However, the two isolates exhibited different degrees of aggressiveness to the seedlings. The isolates CMM-4801 and CMM-4771 caused an average symptom severity of 3.40 and 2.60, respectively, in both cultivars. The disease negatively affected seedling development by reducing root length, and stem and root fresh weight. Different polypeptide band patterns were verified between inoculated and control seedlings, indicating different protein expression due to biotic stress caused by the fungus. Moreover, different protein expression patterns were found between the inoculated seedlings, indicating a correlation between pathogen aggressiveness and host response.
{"title":"Response of melon cultivars to infection by Macrophomina pseudophaseolina isolates and its effect on protein expression","authors":"Talison Eugenio Da Costa, Vitor R. Oliveira Maia, Jorge A. Da Silva Neto, Rosecleide Maia Da Silva, A. M. Paiva Negreiros, Rui Sales Júnior, Ioná S. Araújo Holanda","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.5","url":null,"abstract":"It was studied the pathogenicity of Macrophomina pseudophaseolina isolates in melon seedlings and their influence on protein expression of the crop. For this purpose, two isolates of the fungus were inoculated in Golden and Cantaloupe melon seedlings using the toothpick method. Thirty days after inoculation, disease incidence and severity were assessed using pre-established scales; additionally, stem and root length and fresh weight was evaluated. Protein extraction from plant tissues was performed using the phenol/SDS precipitation method and quantification by the Bradford method. The protein samples were subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Then, the existence of polymorphism and molecular weight of bands detected in the samples were evaluated. M. pseudophaseolina isolates caused root rot in all inoculated melon seedlings. However, the two isolates exhibited different degrees of aggressiveness to the seedlings. The isolates CMM-4801 and CMM-4771 caused an average symptom severity of 3.40 and 2.60, respectively, in both cultivars. The disease negatively affected seedling development by reducing root length, and stem and root fresh weight. Different polypeptide band patterns were verified between inoculated and control seedlings, indicating different protein expression due to biotic stress caused by the fungus. Moreover, different protein expression patterns were found between the inoculated seedlings, indicating a correlation between pathogen aggressiveness and host response.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48368326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrique Misle A., Estrella Garrido G., Hugo Contardo P., Besma Kahlaoui
The high content of antioxidants of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) has recently motivated an increase in the research on this species. This study evaluates the variation in phenolic antioxidants of maqui leaves in the Chilean province of Curicó according to geographical location and sun exposure, using total phenol content (TP) and specific leaf area (SLA) as indicators. Leaves were collected from natural populations inside the province, sampling 15 leaves and three replicates per geographic location. The relationships between SLA and TP, SLA and geographical location, and TP content and geographical location, were assessed in 20 locations within the province. TP varied from 118.36 to 201.9 mg∙g-1 (GAE) and SLA from 76.8 to 188.2 cm2∙g-1. In general, north facing plants exhibited the highest TP and the lowest SLA. When grouping sampled populations according exposure (north facing, south facing and valley), only north facing points resulted in a significant negative correlation with longitude (r= -0.980, P≤0.05), implicating that moving westward less phenol content would be found. TP and SLA varied according to exposure and geographical location. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between SLA and TP (r = -0.56, P≤0.05), suggesting the use of this parameter as practical indicator of phenolic antioxidants in maqui.
{"title":"Geographic variation in total phenol content and specific leaf area, as antioxidant indicators, of maqui in central Chile","authors":"Enrique Misle A., Estrella Garrido G., Hugo Contardo P., Besma Kahlaoui","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.6","url":null,"abstract":"The high content of antioxidants of maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) has recently motivated an increase in the research on this species. This study evaluates the variation in phenolic antioxidants of maqui leaves in the Chilean province of Curicó according to geographical location and sun exposure, using total phenol content (TP) and specific leaf area (SLA) as indicators. Leaves were collected from natural populations inside the province, sampling 15 leaves and three replicates per geographic location. The relationships between SLA and TP, SLA and geographical location, and TP content and geographical location, were assessed in 20 locations within the province. TP varied from 118.36 to 201.9 mg∙g-1 (GAE) and SLA from 76.8 to 188.2 cm2∙g-1. In general, north facing plants exhibited the highest TP and the lowest SLA. When grouping sampled populations according exposure (north facing, south facing and valley), only north facing points resulted in a significant negative correlation with longitude (r= -0.980, P≤0.05), implicating that moving westward less phenol content would be found. TP and SLA varied according to exposure and geographical location. Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between SLA and TP (r = -0.56, P≤0.05), suggesting the use of this parameter as practical indicator of phenolic antioxidants in maqui.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43832423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Carolina P. Jacinto, R. Castoldi, I. G. da Silva, Glecia J. Dos S. Carmo, G. Maciel, É. A. Moreira, Hamilton César De O. Charlo, R. R. Finzi
The development of mini lettuce genotypes with good agronomic characteristics are fundamental to launch new cultivars. Thus, the objective was to compare the variability of biofortified mini lettuce genotypes by analyzing its principal components and hierarchical clusters and evaluate different selection indices to estimate selection gain. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Uberlândia in a randomized block design implemented with 11 treatments (10 genotypes of mini lettuce generation F5:6 and one mini lettuce commercial cultivar) and four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: chlorophyll content (SPAD índex), stem diameter and length, plant diameter and height, number of leaves per plant, fresh mass of the aerial part, and bolting tolerance. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and genotypes were compared using the Scott-Knott test (P≤0.05). Additionally, principal components, hierarchical clusters, and correlation were evaluated (P≤0.05). The best genotypes were chosen by appropriate direct and indirect selection and the main indices: William’s index, selection index from Smith and Hazel, and Mulamba y Mock index. There were five groups and a significant negative correlation of all agronomic characteristics evaluated with resistance to bolting, except stem length. William’s index provided a balanced distribution of genetic gains by selecting the genotypes UFU 66#8, UFU 215#2, UFU 215#7 and UFU 215#13.
{"title":"Estimation of genetic gains by different selection criteria in biofortified mini lettuce genotypes","authors":"Ana Carolina P. Jacinto, R. Castoldi, I. G. da Silva, Glecia J. Dos S. Carmo, G. Maciel, É. A. Moreira, Hamilton César De O. Charlo, R. R. Finzi","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.1","url":null,"abstract":"The development of mini lettuce genotypes with good agronomic characteristics are fundamental to launch new cultivars. Thus, the objective was to compare the variability of biofortified mini lettuce genotypes by analyzing its principal components and hierarchical clusters and evaluate different selection indices to estimate selection gain. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Uberlândia in a randomized block design implemented with 11 treatments (10 genotypes of mini lettuce generation F5:6 and one mini lettuce commercial cultivar) and four repetitions. The following variables were evaluated: chlorophyll content (SPAD índex), stem diameter and length, plant diameter and height, number of leaves per plant, fresh mass of the aerial part, and bolting tolerance. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and genotypes were compared using the Scott-Knott test (P≤0.05). Additionally, principal components, hierarchical clusters, and correlation were evaluated (P≤0.05). The best genotypes were chosen by appropriate direct and indirect selection and the main indices: William’s index, selection index from Smith and Hazel, and Mulamba y Mock index. There were five groups and a significant negative correlation of all agronomic characteristics evaluated with resistance to bolting, except stem length. William’s index provided a balanced distribution of genetic gains by selecting the genotypes UFU 66#8, UFU 215#2, UFU 215#7 and UFU 215#13.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ángel R. Ceballos-Chávez, Glenda J. Lizárraga-Sánchez, Karla Y. Leyva-Madrigal, Diana M. Mc Caughey-Espinoza, Leidy E. Chávez-García, Fernando A. Valenzuela- Escoboza, Blanca E. López-Valenzuela
En México, la presencia de hongos fitopatógenos ocasiona severos daños en frutos de durazno (Prunus persica L.), después de la cosecha, causando disminución en la exportación de productos procesados y en vida de anaquel. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el rango de hospedantes de hongos foliares en frutos de manzano (Malus domestica Borkh), fresa (Fragaria spp.), ciruela (Prunus domestica L.), pera (Pyrus communis L.) y membrillo (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), y en hojas de variedades de durazno. Para la prueba de patogenicidad se utilizó la técnica de aspersión y las enfermedades se valoraron mediante la escala de severidad de 5 grados de 0 a ≥75 % de presencia de síntomas sobre el fruto y del 10 a ≥60% para hoja desprendida y porcentaje de incidencia. Se inocularon conidios de Fusarium spp, Alternaria spp, Epicoccum spp, Collectotrichum spp y Monilinia spp., en todos los frutos y las hojas de las variedades de durazno amarillo, prisco y blanco, con siete repeticiones, dejando un testigo con agua destilada estéril para cada uno de los tratamientos; se colocaron en cámara húmeda en condiciones asépticas, a 27°C ± 1 y se sometieron a regímenes de 14 horas oscuridad y 10 horas luz, por 4, 7, 10 y 12 días. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza utilizando la comparación de medias de Tukey (P≤0.05). La variedad amarillo de durazno presentó mayor susceptibilidad a todos los hongos, los cuales fueron patogénicos a los hospedantes con severidad de 0 a 97,14 %.
{"title":"Hospedantes en frutales de importancia económica asociados a patógenos foliares del duraznero (Prunus persica L.)","authors":"Ángel R. Ceballos-Chávez, Glenda J. Lizárraga-Sánchez, Karla Y. Leyva-Madrigal, Diana M. Mc Caughey-Espinoza, Leidy E. Chávez-García, Fernando A. Valenzuela- Escoboza, Blanca E. López-Valenzuela","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.9","url":null,"abstract":"En México, la presencia de hongos fitopatógenos ocasiona severos daños en frutos de durazno (Prunus persica L.), después de la cosecha, causando disminución en la exportación de productos procesados y en vida de anaquel. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el rango de hospedantes de hongos foliares en frutos de manzano (Malus domestica Borkh), fresa (Fragaria spp.), ciruela (Prunus domestica L.), pera (Pyrus communis L.) y membrillo (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), y en hojas de variedades de durazno. Para la prueba de patogenicidad se utilizó la técnica de aspersión y las enfermedades se valoraron mediante la escala de severidad de 5 grados de 0 a ≥75 % de presencia de síntomas sobre el fruto y del 10 a ≥60% para hoja desprendida y porcentaje de incidencia. Se inocularon conidios de Fusarium spp, Alternaria spp, Epicoccum spp, Collectotrichum spp y Monilinia spp., en todos los frutos y las hojas de las variedades de durazno amarillo, prisco y blanco, con siete repeticiones, dejando un testigo con agua destilada estéril para cada uno de los tratamientos; se colocaron en cámara húmeda en condiciones asépticas, a 27°C ± 1 y se sometieron a regímenes de 14 horas oscuridad y 10 horas luz, por 4, 7, 10 y 12 días. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza utilizando la comparación de medias de Tukey (P≤0.05). La variedad amarillo de durazno presentó mayor susceptibilidad a todos los hongos, los cuales fueron patogénicos a los hospedantes con severidad de 0 a 97,14 %.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47764362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco H. Alves de Andrade, Ronimeire Torres da Silva, M. D. F. De Queiroz Lopes, M. A. Barbosa Neto, Antonia D. C. De Lima Ferreira, Maria I. Batista Clemente, Erisvaldo Silva de Oliveira
Saline soils can limit seedling germination and growth of the crops. This research sought to identify whether the cowpea varieties Pingo-de-ouro and Coruja are tolerant to salinity in terms of germination and biomass partitioning. A completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, totaling eight treatments with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of two varieties of cowpea in addition to NaCl salinity with four levels of electric conductivity (0.0, 3.3, 6.6 and 9.9 dS∙m-1). The variables analyzed were percentage of germination (PG), first germination count (FGC), germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT), percentage of seedling (PSB), shoot (PSHB), root (PRB) and cotyledon (PCotB) biomass, PCotB/PSB ratio and salinity tolerance index (STI). The Pingo-de-ouro variety showed tolerance to 3.3 dS∙m-1 displaying an increase in PSB and PSHB, while the Coruja variety tolerated 6.6 dS∙m-1 with a more significant investment in PRB. Both displayed no significant statistical reduction in percentage of G, FGC, GSI, AGT, and STI up to 3.3 dS∙m-1 for the Pingo-de-ouro variety and 6.6 dS∙m-1 for the Coruja one. Thus, those genetic materials can be used to breed tolerant plants. The present research also provides results for further studies at physiological, molecular, and field conditions.
{"title":"Germination and biomass partitioning in creole varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) under salinity conditions","authors":"Francisco H. Alves de Andrade, Ronimeire Torres da Silva, M. D. F. De Queiroz Lopes, M. A. Barbosa Neto, Antonia D. C. De Lima Ferreira, Maria I. Batista Clemente, Erisvaldo Silva de Oliveira","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.3","url":null,"abstract":"Saline soils can limit seedling germination and growth of the crops. This research sought to identify whether the cowpea varieties Pingo-de-ouro and Coruja are tolerant to salinity in terms of germination and biomass partitioning. A completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, totaling eight treatments with four replications was used. The treatments consisted of two varieties of cowpea in addition to NaCl salinity with four levels of electric conductivity (0.0, 3.3, 6.6 and 9.9 dS∙m-1). The variables analyzed were percentage of germination (PG), first germination count (FGC), germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT), percentage of seedling (PSB), shoot (PSHB), root (PRB) and cotyledon (PCotB) biomass, PCotB/PSB ratio and salinity tolerance index (STI). The Pingo-de-ouro variety showed tolerance to 3.3 dS∙m-1 displaying an increase in PSB and PSHB, while the Coruja variety tolerated 6.6 dS∙m-1 with a more significant investment in PRB. Both displayed no significant statistical reduction in percentage of G, FGC, GSI, AGT, and STI up to 3.3 dS∙m-1 for the Pingo-de-ouro variety and 6.6 dS∙m-1 for the Coruja one. Thus, those genetic materials can be used to breed tolerant plants. The present research also provides results for further studies at physiological, molecular, and field conditions.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45003755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. A. Guerrero-Ortíz, J. C. Carrillo-Rodríguez, J. L. Chávez-Servia, Aracely M. Vera-Guzmán, J. R. Enríquez-del Valle, E. N. Aquino-Bolaños, Jimena E. Alba Jiménez, Y. Villegas-Aparicio
Las variedades mejoradas homogéneas presentan escasa diversidad genética; en cambio, las variedades tradicionales poseen alta heterogeneidad en caracteres agronómicos, composición de fruto y se utilizan en mejoramiento genético. El objetivo fue evaluar la variación y divergencia fenotípica de tres grupos de acervos genéticos con diferente magnitud de heterogeneidad, en respuesta a dos ciclos de producción en invernadero. Se sembraron catorce híbridos triples inter-poblacionales, cuatro líneas avanzadas y cuatro híbridos comerciales, bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó la altura de la planta a los 30, 60, y 90 ddt (días después del trasplante), días a floración, fructificación y maduración del primer y quinto racimo, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, peso medio, número de frutos y rendimiento al quinto racimo. Se realizaron análisis de varianzas y comparación de medias según la prueba Tukey. Entre acervos genéticos fue similar el comportamiento de líneas avanzadas e híbridos inter-poblacionales en altura de planta, caracteres fisiológicos y de fruto, con diferencias significativas favorables respecto a los híbridos comerciales. Entre genotipos, los días a floración, fructificación y maduración de frutos del primer a quinto racimo se incrementaron en el ciclo septiembre 2017-marzo 2018 respecto al ciclo marzo-julio 2017. En la interacción de ciclo-acervo genético, respecto al diámetro ecuatorial, fue sobresaliente la respuesta de los híbridos inter-poblaciones H-76, H-77, H-79, H-90 y H-98 al poseer frutos de tipo riñón. Los resultados señalan que el efecto del ambiente, o ciclos de evaluación, representó la mayor proporción de la varianza fenotípica total, seguida del efecto de grupos de acervos genéticos y genotipos dentro de acervos.
{"title":"Divergencias fenotípicas y variación entre acervos genéticos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) con base en heterogeneidad y ambiente","authors":"C. A. Guerrero-Ortíz, J. C. Carrillo-Rodríguez, J. L. Chávez-Servia, Aracely M. Vera-Guzmán, J. R. Enríquez-del Valle, E. N. Aquino-Bolaños, Jimena E. Alba Jiménez, Y. Villegas-Aparicio","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.8","url":null,"abstract":"Las variedades mejoradas homogéneas presentan escasa diversidad genética; en cambio, las variedades tradicionales poseen alta heterogeneidad en caracteres agronómicos, composición de fruto y se utilizan en mejoramiento genético. El objetivo fue evaluar la variación y divergencia fenotípica de tres grupos de acervos genéticos con diferente magnitud de heterogeneidad, en respuesta a dos ciclos de producción en invernadero. Se sembraron catorce híbridos triples inter-poblacionales, cuatro líneas avanzadas y cuatro híbridos comerciales, bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones. Se evaluó la altura de la planta a los 30, 60, y 90 ddt (días después del trasplante), días a floración, fructificación y maduración del primer y quinto racimo, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, peso medio, número de frutos y rendimiento al quinto racimo. Se realizaron análisis de varianzas y comparación de medias según la prueba Tukey. Entre acervos genéticos fue similar el comportamiento de líneas avanzadas e híbridos inter-poblacionales en altura de planta, caracteres fisiológicos y de fruto, con diferencias significativas favorables respecto a los híbridos comerciales. Entre genotipos, los días a floración, fructificación y maduración de frutos del primer a quinto racimo se incrementaron en el ciclo septiembre 2017-marzo 2018 respecto al ciclo marzo-julio 2017. En la interacción de ciclo-acervo genético, respecto al diámetro ecuatorial, fue sobresaliente la respuesta de los híbridos inter-poblaciones H-76, H-77, H-79, H-90 y H-98 al poseer frutos de tipo riñón. Los resultados señalan que el efecto del ambiente, o ciclos de evaluación, representó la mayor proporción de la varianza fenotípica total, seguida del efecto de grupos de acervos genéticos y genotipos dentro de acervos.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44344391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost treatments on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Osmaniye ecological conditions, in Türkiye, in 2020-2021. It was designed according a complete randomized block with three replications. The NC-7 peanut variety was treated with eight different treatments of vermicompost plus a control. The treatments T1 through T4 included soil and leaves applications at different plant development stages, and treatments T5 through T8 were similar to the previous four but included only application to leaves. The number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, 100-pod and seed weight, shelling percentage, first quality pod ratio, first quality pod weight ratio, protein content, and pod yield were determined. The number of pods per plant varied between 23.3 (control) and 33.4 (T1). The lowest pod weight per plant was 37.7 g in control treatment, and the highest in T1 (51.4 g). Pod yield was between 3579 kg∙ha-1 (control) and 4873 kg∙ha-1 in T1. The 100-pod weight was the lowest from the control treatment (208.4 g) and the highest from the T6 treatment (254.2 g); the weight of 100 seeds was minimum in the control treatment with 88.5 g and maximum in T5, with 102.3 g. The protein content varied between 24.11% (control) and 26.01% (T5). These results indicate that under the ecological conditions of Osmaniye province, there is a significant effect of vermicompost on most productive and quality variables of peanut.
{"title":"The effect of vermicompost treatments on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Mustafa YILMAZ","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost treatments on yield and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Osmaniye ecological conditions, in Türkiye, in 2020-2021. It was designed according a complete randomized block with three replications. The NC-7 peanut variety was treated with eight different treatments of vermicompost plus a control. The treatments T1 through T4 included soil and leaves applications at different plant development stages, and treatments T5 through T8 were similar to the previous four but included only application to leaves. The number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, 100-pod and seed weight, shelling percentage, first quality pod ratio, first quality pod weight ratio, protein content, and pod yield were determined. The number of pods per plant varied between 23.3 (control) and 33.4 (T1). The lowest pod weight per plant was 37.7 g in control treatment, and the highest in T1 (51.4 g). Pod yield was between 3579 kg∙ha-1 (control) and 4873 kg∙ha-1 in T1. The 100-pod weight was the lowest from the control treatment (208.4 g) and the highest from the T6 treatment (254.2 g); the weight of 100 seeds was minimum in the control treatment with 88.5 g and maximum in T5, with 102.3 g. The protein content varied between 24.11% (control) and 26.01% (T5). These results indicate that under the ecological conditions of Osmaniye province, there is a significant effect of vermicompost on most productive and quality variables of peanut.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42400837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Vallejos-Torres, Nery Gaona-Jimenez, Alberto Alva Arevalo, Christopher Paredes, Andi Lozano, Jorge Saavedra-Ramírez, Luis A. Arévalo, Keneth Reátegui, Wilfredo Mendoza-Caballero, César Marín
The production system influences the cadmium (Cd) content and mycorrhization in cocoa plantations. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different production systems on Cd uptake and the presence of mycorrhizas in cacao clones in field conditions, in the Peruvian Amazon. Twelve subplots of 108 m2 were selected in representative cocoa cultivation systems under agroforestry (AF) and monoculture (MON), with the cocoa clones ICS and CCN. Significant differences and data distribution were evaluated using ANOVA, principal component analysis, and Tukey's tests. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in the AF_ICS system (71.11%) while the length of the extraradical mycelium was higher in the AF_CCN system (17.23%). The highest Cd content in soils was found under the AF_CCN and AF_ICS systems, both with 0.39 mg kg-1. The Cd content in cacao roots, leaves, and beans were higher in the MON_CCN system with 1.87, 2.06, and 1.12 mg kg-1 respectively. Cocoa monocultures (with both clones) generally showed lower levels of mycorrhizal colonization than agroforestry systems, which in turn (also for both clones) presented higher Cd content in beans, even exceeding the limit established by the world health authorities.
{"title":"Cadmium uptake and mycorrhization by cacao clones in agroforestry and monoculture systems of Peruvian Amazon","authors":"G. Vallejos-Torres, Nery Gaona-Jimenez, Alberto Alva Arevalo, Christopher Paredes, Andi Lozano, Jorge Saavedra-Ramírez, Luis A. Arévalo, Keneth Reátegui, Wilfredo Mendoza-Caballero, César Marín","doi":"10.51372/bioagro353.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51372/bioagro353.7","url":null,"abstract":"The production system influences the cadmium (Cd) content and mycorrhization in cocoa plantations. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different production systems on Cd uptake and the presence of mycorrhizas in cacao clones in field conditions, in the Peruvian Amazon. Twelve subplots of 108 m2 were selected in representative cocoa cultivation systems under agroforestry (AF) and monoculture (MON), with the cocoa clones ICS and CCN. Significant differences and data distribution were evaluated using ANOVA, principal component analysis, and Tukey's tests. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in the AF_ICS system (71.11%) while the length of the extraradical mycelium was higher in the AF_CCN system (17.23%). The highest Cd content in soils was found under the AF_CCN and AF_ICS systems, both with 0.39 mg kg-1. The Cd content in cacao roots, leaves, and beans were higher in the MON_CCN system with 1.87, 2.06, and 1.12 mg kg-1 respectively. Cocoa monocultures (with both clones) generally showed lower levels of mycorrhizal colonization than agroforestry systems, which in turn (also for both clones) presented higher Cd content in beans, even exceeding the limit established by the world health authorities.","PeriodicalId":55985,"journal":{"name":"Bioagro","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41357819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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