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Assessing farmers’ income vulnerability to vanilla and clove export economies in northeastern Madagascar using land-use change modelling 利用土地利用变化模型评估马达加斯加东北部农民对香草和丁香出口经济的收入脆弱性
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.1080/1747423x.2023.2168778
E. Celio, R. N. N. Andriatsitohaina, J. C. Llopis, A. Grêt-Regamey
Using a participatory Bayesian network-based land-use decision model, we simulate future land-use patterns under various scenarios, including changes in vanilla and clove market prices as well as changes in irrigation water availability and potential harvest failures. Findings indicate that specifically the vanilla value chain (compared to the clove value chain) has a major influence on farmers income vulnerability. Abandoning vanilla cultivation may lead to poverty once income from vanilla reaches a certain threshold. By comparing farmer’s income gains from cash crop production with costs for buying rice to cover basic needs, we show that while focusing on cash crop production is more lucrative, it is, however, highly risky with regard to climate change, price volatility and possible crop thefts. Such lock-in-effects in cash crops, like the vanilla ones in north-eastern Madagascar, are essential to be considered, when designing policies for a more sustainable development of resource-rich but poverty-prone regions.
基于参与式贝叶斯网络的土地利用决策模型,模拟了不同情景下的未来土地利用模式,包括香草和丁香市场价格的变化、灌溉水可用性的变化和潜在的收获失败。研究结果表明,具体而言,香草价值链(与丁香价值链相比)对农民的收入脆弱性有主要影响。一旦香草的收入达到一定的门槛,放弃香草种植可能会导致贫困。通过比较农民从经济作物生产中获得的收入与购买大米以满足基本需求的成本,我们表明,虽然专注于经济作物生产更有利可图,但在气候变化、价格波动和可能的作物盗窃方面,风险很高。在为资源丰富但容易贫困的地区制定更可持续发展的政策时,必须考虑经济作物的这种锁定效应,比如马达加斯加东北部的香草作物。
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引用次数: 1
Does land certification increase farmers’ use of organic fertilizer? evidence from China 土地认证是否增加了农民对有机肥料的使用?来自中国的证据
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423x.2023.2178536
Linyi Zheng, Lili Li, Zongyin Zhao, W. Qian
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引用次数: 2
Stakeholder perspectives on farmers’ resistance towards urban land-use changes in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia 利益相关者对埃塞俄比亚巴伊尔达尔农民抵制城市土地利用变化的看法
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/1747423x.2023.2181416
Melaku Bogale Fitawok, B. Derudder, A. S. Minale, S. Van Passel, E. Adgo, J. Nyssen
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引用次数: 1
Review of counterfactual land change modeling for causal inference in land system science 土地系统科学中用于因果推理的反事实土地变化模型综述
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1080/1747423x.2023.2173325
N. Magliocca, Pratik Dhungana, Carter D. Sink
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引用次数: 1
Dual HDAC/BRD4 Inhibitors Relieves Neuropathic Pain by Attenuating Inflammatory Response in Microglia After Spared Nerve Injury. HDAC/BRD4 双抑制剂通过减轻神经损伤后小胶质细胞的炎症反应缓解神经病理性疼痛
IF 5.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01243-6
Vittoria Borgonetti, Elisabetta Meacci, Federica Pierucci, Maria Novella Romanelli, Nicoletta Galeotti

Despite the effort on developing new treatments, therapy for neuropathic pain is still a clinical challenge and combination therapy regimes of two or more drugs are often needed to improve efficacy. Accumulating evidence shows an altered expression and activity of histone acetylation enzymes in chronic pain conditions and restoration of these aberrant epigenetic modifications promotes pain-relieving activity. Recent studies showed a synergistic activity in neuropathic pain models by combination of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors. On these premises, the present study investigated the pharmacological profile of new dual HDAC/BRD4 inhibitors, named SUM52 and SUM35, in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model in mice as innovative strategy to simultaneously inhibit HDACs and BETs. Intranasal administration of SUM52 and SUM35 attenuated thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the absence of locomotor side effects. Both dual inhibitors showed a preferential interaction with BRD4-BD2 domain, and SUM52 resulted the most active compound. SUM52 reduced microglia-mediated spinal neuroinflammation in spinal cord sections of SNI mice as showed by reduction of IBA1 immunostaining, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, p65 nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 MAPK over-phosphorylation. A robust decrease of the spinal proinflammatory cytokines content (IL-6, IL-1ß) was also observed after SUM52 treatment. Present results, showing the pain-relieving activity of HDAC/BRD4 dual inhibitors, indicate that the simultaneous modulation of BET and HDAC activity by a single molecule acting as multi-target agent might represent a promise for neuropathic pain relief.

尽管人们努力开发新的治疗方法,但神经病理性疼痛的治疗仍然是一项临床挑战,通常需要两种或多种药物的联合治疗方案来提高疗效。越来越多的证据表明,组蛋白乙酰化酶的表达和活性在慢性疼痛病症中发生了改变,而恢复这些异常的表观遗传修饰可促进止痛活性。最近的研究表明,组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)与溴基二甲基和端外域(BET)抑制剂联合使用可在神经病理性疼痛模型中发挥协同作用。在这些前提下,本研究调查了名为 SUM52 和 SUM35 的新型 HDAC/BRD4 双重抑制剂在小鼠幸免神经损伤(SNI)模型中的药理学特性,以此作为同时抑制 HDAC 和 BET 的创新策略。鼻内给药 SUM52 和 SUM35 可减轻热敏性和机械过敏性,且无运动副作用。这两种双重抑制剂都显示出与 BRD4-BD2 结构域的优先相互作用,而 SUM52 是活性最高的化合物。通过减少 IBA1 免疫染色、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达、p65 核因子-κB(NF-κB)和 p38 MAPK 过度磷酸化,SUM52 可减少 SNI 小鼠脊髓切片中由小胶质细胞介导的脊髓神经炎症。经 SUM52 治疗后,还观察到脊髓促炎细胞因子(IL-6、IL-1ß)含量显著下降。目前的研究结果表明,HDAC/BRD4 双重抑制剂具有缓解疼痛的活性,这表明作为多靶点药物的单一分子同时调节 BET 和 HDAC 的活性可能代表着缓解神经病理性疼痛的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying, projecting, and evaluating informal urban expansion spatial patterns 识别、预测和评估非正规城市扩张空间模式
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2020919
B. Tellman, H. Eakin, B. Turner
ABSTRACT Informal urban land expansion is produced through a diversity of social and political transactions, yet ‘pixelizable’ data capturing these transactions is commonly unavailable. Understanding informal urbanization entails differentiating spatial patterns of informal settlement from formal growth, associating such patterns with the social transactions that produce them, and evaluating the social and environmental outcomes of distinct settlement types. Demonstrating causality between distinct urban spatial patterns and social-institutional processes requires both high-resolution spatial temporal time-series data of urban change and insights into social transactions giving rise to these patterns. We demonstrate an example of linking distinct spatial patterns of informal urban expansion to the institutional processes each engenders in Mexico City. The approach presented here can be applied across cases, potentially improving land projection models in the rapidly urbanizing Global South, characterized by high informality. We conclude with a research agenda to identify, project, and evaluate informal urban expansion patterns.
非正式的城市土地扩张是通过各种社会和政治交易产生的,但通常无法获得捕获这些交易的“像素化”数据。理解非正式城市化需要区分非正式住区与正式增长的空间模式,将这些模式与产生这些模式的社会交易联系起来,并评估不同住区类型的社会和环境结果。要证明不同的城市空间格局与社会体制进程之间的因果关系,既需要高分辨率的城市变化时空时序数据,也需要深入了解导致这些格局的社会交易。我们展示了一个将墨西哥城非正式城市扩张的不同空间模式与制度过程联系起来的例子。本文提出的方法可以应用于各种情况,有可能改善以高度非正式性为特征的快速城市化的全球南方国家的土地预测模型。最后,我们提出了一个研究议程,以确定、规划和评估非正式的城市扩张模式。
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引用次数: 4
Urban sprawl containment by the urban growth boundary: the case of the Regulatory Plan of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago of Chile 通过城市增长边界遏制城市蔓延——以智利圣地亚哥大都会区控制性规划为例
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2022.2086312
Juan Pablo Schuster Olbrich, Guillem Vich, C. Miralles-Guasch, Luis Fuentes
ABSTRACT Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) established by urban planning, are common containment strategies to prevent urban sprawl. We analyze the effectiveness of the UGB strategy in the case of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile, established by the land use plan in 1994. We describe and quantify the annual growth rate and the development of new built-up areas inside and outside the boundary using GIS. The results show that the expansion of built-up areas is greater outside than inside the UGB (75% vs. 49%), and with a higher annual growth rate outside the UGB (14.6% vs. 2.8%). To achieve greater effectiveness in the strategy, it is necessary to overcome those regulatory mechanisms that allow urbanization beyond the boundary, identified as a factor that promotes expansion, contradicting the objective of the plan.
摘要城市规划建立的城市增长边界是防止城市蔓延的常用遏制策略。我们分析了UGB战略在智利圣地亚哥大都会区的有效性,该地区由1994年的土地利用计划建立。我们使用GIS描述并量化了年增长率和边界内外新建成区的发展情况。结果表明,建成区外的扩张大于UGB内(75%对49%),UGB外的年增长率更高(14.6%对2.8%),与计划的目标相矛盾。
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引用次数: 3
Advancing the study of driving forces of landscape change 推进景观变化驱动力研究
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2022.2029599
M. Bürgi, E. Celio, V. Diogo, A. Hersperger, T. Kizos, J. Lieskovský, R. Pazúr, T. Plieninger, A. Prishchepov, P. Verburg
ABSTRACT Over the past 25 years, the study of driving forces of landscape change has developed into a central theme in land change science by contributing to theory development, promoting the analysis of causation of change and gaining insights into how landscape development could be steered into a societally more desirable direction. Based on this progress, we designate important research avenues, reviewing critical challenges forming the base for advancing the study of driving forces of landscape change and addressing the question on how the study of driving forces can contribute to system transformative research. For each of the research avenues, we describe the current dominant approach and provide some specific ways of advancing both the conceptualization and the research methods. Together, advancing on these research avenues will promote a more social-ecological systems perspective to the study of driving forces of landscape change.
摘要在过去的25年里,景观变化驱动力的研究已经成为土地变化科学的一个中心主题,它有助于理论发展,促进对变化原因的分析,并深入了解如何将景观发展引导到社会更理想的方向。基于这一进展,我们指定了重要的研究途径,回顾了构成推进景观变化驱动力研究基础的关键挑战,并解决了驱动力研究如何有助于系统变革研究的问题。对于每一种研究途径,我们都描述了目前的主导方法,并提供了一些推进概念化和研究方法的具体方法。共同推进这些研究途径,将促进从更社会生态系统的角度研究景观变化的驱动力。
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引用次数: 6
Understanding and modelling the ambiguous impact of off-farm income on tropical deforestation 理解和模拟非农收入对热带森林砍伐的模糊影响
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2022.2146220
T. Knoke, E. Gosling, Esther Reith
ABSTRACT Few land-allocation models consider the impact of off-farm income on tropical deforestation. We provide a concept to integrate off-farm income in a mechanistic multiple-objective land-allocation model, while distinguishing between farms with and without re-allocation of on-farm labor to obtain off-farm income. On farms with re-allocation of labor we found that off-farm income reduced farmers’ financial dependency on deforestation-related agricultural income leading to less tropical deforestation. The influence of off-farm income covered two aspects: availability of additional income and re-allocation of on-farm labor to off-farm activities. The labor effect tended to reduce deforestation slightly more than the income effect. On farms without re-allocation of on-farm labor we showed how farmers can use off-farm income to purchase additional labor to accelerate deforestation. Our study highlights the importance of considering off-farm income in land-use models to better understand, model and possibly curb tropical deforestation.
很少有土地分配模型考虑非农收入对热带森林砍伐的影响。我们提出了一个将非农收入整合到一个机械的多目标土地分配模型中的概念,同时区分了是否重新分配非农劳动力以获得非农收入的农场。在劳动力重新分配的农场,我们发现非农收入降低了农民对毁林相关农业收入的经济依赖,从而减少了热带森林砍伐。非农收入的影响包括两个方面:可获得的额外收入和非农劳动力对非农活动的再分配。劳动力效应比收入效应更倾向于减少森林砍伐。在没有重新分配农场劳动力的农场,我们展示了农民如何利用非农收入购买额外的劳动力来加速森林砍伐。我们的研究强调了在土地利用模型中考虑非农收入的重要性,这样可以更好地理解、模拟并可能遏制热带森林砍伐。
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引用次数: 0
Conservation frontiers: understanding the geographic expansion of conservation 保护边界:了解保护的地理扩展
IF 3.2 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1747423X.2021.2018516
A. Buchadas, Siyu Qin, P. Meyfroidt, T. Kuemmerle
ABSTRACT Land-use frontiers, such as agriculture expanding into forests, remain a major driver of biodiversity loss, and often lead to conservation responses. To better understand the geographies of conservation, connecting conservation with tools used widely in Land System Science – particularly the frontier concept – allows assessing the patterns, actors, and drivers of conservation. We propose that land conservation can be analysed through three different perspectives. First, conservation can be framed as efforts to slow or stop other frontiers. Second, the expansion of conservation could itself be described as a frontier process, similarly leading to institutional and cultural reorganization, and sometimes conflicts (e.g. green grabbing). Third, frontiers can be seen as spaces where multiple land uses, including conservation, interact. Analysing conservation through these perspectives could be particularly powerful to thoroughly consider the social-ecological contexts in which conservation happens, and thus to bridge the disciplines of Land System Science and Conservation Science.
摘要土地利用边界,如农业向森林扩张,仍然是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素,并经常导致保护反应。为了更好地了解保护的地理位置,将保护与土地系统科学中广泛使用的工具联系起来——特别是前沿概念——可以评估保护的模式、参与者和驱动因素。我们建议可以从三个不同的角度来分析土地保育。首先,保护可以被定义为减缓或阻止其他边界的努力。第二,保护的扩大本身可以被描述为一个前沿过程,类似地导致制度和文化重组,有时还会引发冲突(例如抢绿)。第三,边界可以被视为包括保护在内的多种土地利用相互作用的空间。从这些角度分析保护可能特别有助于深入考虑保护发生的社会生态环境,从而为土地系统科学和保护科学学科架起桥梁。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Land Use Science
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